서낭(城隍)의 軍事的 意味에 관한 硏究 = A Study of Tutelary Deity Stones(So-Nang) as a Military Function

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

(1) The first aim of this study is to bring light on the relationship between the folklore as a political heritage and military science, with special references to the Tutelary Deity Stones (So-Nang) as a military function. This thesis is based on the hypothesis that the Tutelary Deity Stones is not a shamanist heritage but a heritage of stone struggle in ancient tribal states. In order to prove the above hypothesis, the writer surveyed the 16 Tutelary Deity Stones located in the whole peninsula and researched the documents pertaining to them.
(2) In ancient tribal states, the stones were the first weapons to protect their villages. Such documents are found in the Silla-Japanese War in 5th Century. The records of stone struggle are found up to the Korean·Japanese War(1592∼1598) , As such an example, the writer could find the remains of stone war at the Haeng-Joo Castle(Photo. 1). The stone war seemed to continue until the magazine was invented and became useful.
(3) The origin of So-Nang has been derived from the "Castle" and "Moat" which have originally defensive meaning. The hypothesis that the Tutelary Deity Stones was not a shamanist heritage but a heritage of stone war is 7ased on the following three facts:
First, it is located at the "neck" of villages, suitable to protect them from outer invaders.
Secondly, stones, which were stored in the Tutelary Deity were, in size, congruous to throw to enemies.
Thirdly, it is located at the open place, which means that it is unfitting for shamanism. If it were ruins of shamanism, it must be located at the high or deep mountain.
(4) In order to prove the above hypothesis, in chapter 4 the writer presents 7 cases of Tutelary Deity Stones with maps, on which they are located.
(5) The Tutelary Deity Stones have transformed their shapes as following three styles: First, it transformed to sacred place(asylum), so as to say, shamanism. It is relative with war-ceremony for victory over the invaders. As a worship, the villagers used to bow, to sacrifice the cake, to spit, to hang the colored clothes and the dress of the sick people, to stretch a straw-wipe, to step with one font, to throw three stones, to present some coins and straw-shoes, to scatter the yellow soils, and to hang the puppet.
Secondly, the stone war transformed to a stone struggle between neighbouring villages as a folklore in the first month of lunar calender, which continued up to the late 19th Century.
Thirdly, the Tutelary Deity Stones transformed to a boundary-mark, especially for Buddhist temples.
(6) In spite of the above significances, the Tutelary Deity Stones have been ruined on account of the following reasons:
First, the Confucianism has despised them as a shamanism.
Secondly, the Christianism has despised them as a idol-worship.
Thirdly, under the Japanese rule, they oppressed such village folklore as Tutelary Deity Stones ceremony to destroy the community consciousness.
Fourthly, the recent modernization movement as Saemaul Movement has destroyed such traditional heritages as Tutelary Deity Stones.
Conclusively speaking, the Tutelary Deity Stones is a remaining heritage of ancient stone war. The modern civilizations or cultures are not remote from the ancient ones.
The ancient cultures are breathing within the modernity, and the modernity can survive within the context of ancient culture.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ.緖論 :假說
• Ⅱ.部族 戰爭의 武器로서의 돌(石)
• 1.古代 戰爭과 돌(石)
• 2.石戰 基地로서의 서낭
• 3.石戰의 衰退
• Ⅲ.서낭의 存在 形態
• 1.語源
• 2.存在 樣式
• 3.地形的 位置
• Ⅳ.假說에 대한 實證
• 1.忠南 瑞山郡 雲山面 臥牛里 서낭의 경우
• 2.江原道 溟州郡 泗川面 沙器幕皇 서낭의 경우
• 3.慶南 巨濟郡 長承浦邑(王浦灣) 일대 서낭의 경 우
• 4.서울특별시 江東區 馬川洞 일대(속칭 돌무데기마을) 서낭의 경우
• 5.京畿道 廣州郡 西部面 甘二峯(南漢山城) 서낭의 경우
• 6.서울특별시 城東區 廣場洞(워커힐 ·세라톤호텔) 서낭의 경우
• 7.忠北 塊山郡 槐山面 舍倉里 서낭의 겅우
• Ⅴ.서낭의 時代的 變形
• 1.서낭의 巫俗化(蘇塗化) 過程
• 2.石戰의 民俗化
• 3.地境의 標譏
• Ⅵ.맺는말
• (地 圖 目 次)
• 1.幸州山城의 石戰遺讀 發見 地點
• 2.誦査對象의 서납 및 遣蹟의 全國分布圖
• 3.忠南 聯교郡 雲山面 臥牛里 서남의位置
• 4.江原道 漠洲郡 沙川面 沙器幕里서 남의位置
• 5.麗南 演締 長承浦壘(玉浦瀉) 연대의 서
• 6.서울시 江東區 馬川洞 「돌무데기마을」 및 京畿道 廣州郡 西部面 (南漢山城) 일대의서 낭 位置
• 7.서울시 鑛束區 워커힐호델 서낭의 位置
• 8.忠北 努山郡 塊山面 崙宜里 서방의 位置
• 9.金北 完州郡 九耳面 元基里 서낭의 位置
• (사 진 목 차)
• 1.幸州찐城의 石戰 遺讀
• 2.漠州郡 沙川面 沙器幕里 서낭의 모습
• 3.廣州郡 西部面 甘二里 (널무니) 서 낭의모습
• 4.廣州郡 西部面 甘二墨(南漢山城) 서낭의모습
• 5.서울 西小門 밖 서낭의 모승
• 6.全南 長城郡 兆下面 佳麟桑 淸流腐의 寺院 서남
• 7.서울 성동구 廣場洞(워커힐·세라톤호벨)서 남의 위치