The Rice YGL Gene Encoding an Mg2+-chelatase ChlD Subunit is Affected by Temperature for Chlorophyll Biosynthesis

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Leaf color-related mutants are important materialsto study the chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplastdevelopment. Here, we isolated and characterized a thermosensitiveyellow-green leaf mutant, ygl, through mutagenizedJaponica rice cultivar Zhonghua11 by EMS. The mutantshowed yellow-green leaves only at the seedling stage.
Genetic and molecular analyses uncovered that YGL encodean Mg2+-chelatase ChlD subunit, which was a new allele ofChl1/YGL7. Quantitative PCR and GUS staining showedthat the YGL transcripts expressed in all tested organs andsubcellular localization detected YGL protein in the chloroplasts.
The mutant displayed yellow-green leaves at 20°C andnormal green leaves at 34°C during the seedling stage.
Transcript level of YGL in the ygl mutant was significantlyreduced at 20°C, and increased at 34°C compared with thewild-type plant. Furthermore, the expression of chlorophyllbiosynthesis and chloroplast development related genes wereinfluenced by the mutation of YGL at different temperature.
These findings suggested that the YGL gene not only play akey role in chlorophyll biosynthesis, but is affected attranscript level by temperature in rice.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Zhou K, "Young Leaf Chlorosis 1, a chloroplast-localized gene required for chlorophyll and lutein accumulation during early leaf development in rice" 237 : 279-292, 2013

2 Sato Y, "Two short-chain dehydrogenase/reductases, NON-YELLOW COLORING 1 and NYC1-LIKE, are required for chlorophyll b and light-harvesting complex II degradation during senescence in rice" 57 : 120-131, 2009

3 Mao D, "Two complementary recessive genes in duplicated segments control etiolation in ric" 122 : 373-383, 2011

4 Sugimoto H, "The virescent-2 mutation inhibits translation of plastid transcripts for the plastid genetic system at an early stage of chloroplast differentiation" 45 : 985-996, 2004

5 Sakuraba Y, "The rice faded green leaf locus encodes protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase B and is essential for chlorophyll synthesis under high light conditions" 74 : 122-133, 2013

6 Jiang Q, "The rice OsDG2 encoding a glycine-rich protein is involved in the regulation of chloroplast development during early seedling stage" 33 : 733-744, 2014

7 Wang Y, "Temperature-sensitive albino gene TCD5, encoding a monooxy genase, affects chloroplast development at low temperatures" 67 : 5187-5202, 2016

8 Grossman J, "Structure and stability of molecular carbon: importance of electron correlation" 75 : 3870-3873, 1995

9 Davison PA, "Structural and biochemical characterization of Gun4 suggests a mechanism for its role in chlorophyll biosynthesis" 44 : 7603-7612, 2005

10 Yoo SC, "Rice virescent3 and stripe1 encoding the large and small subunits of ribonucleotide reductase are required for chloroplast biogenesis during early leaf development" 150 : 388-401, 2009

11 Kusaba M, "Rice NONYELLOW COLORING1 is involved in light-harvesting complex II and grana degradation during leaf senescence" 19 : 1362-1375, 2007

12 Zhang H, "Rice Chlorina-1 and Chlorina-9 encode ChlD and ChlI subunits of Mg-chelatase, a key enzyme for chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development" 62 : 325-337, 2006

13 Yu C, "Protoplast: A more efficient system to study nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions" 450 : 1575-1580, 2014

14 Miyoshi K, "OsHAP3 genes regulate chloroplast biogenesis in rice" 36 : 532-540, 2003

15 김성률, "OsCpn60alpha1, Encoding the Plastid Chaperonin 60alpha Subunit, Is Essential for Folding of rbcL" 한국분자세포생물학회 35 (35): 402-409, 2013

16 Yang Q, "NOA1 functions in a temperature-dependent manner to regulate chlorophyll biosynthesis and rubisco formation in rice" 6 (6): 2011

17 Zhou Y, "Mutation of the light-induced Yellow Leaf 1 gene, which encodes a geranylgeranyl reductase, affects chlorophyll biosynthesis and light sensitivity in rice" 8 : e75299-e75299, 2012

18 Jiang H, "Molecular cloning and function analysis of the stay green gene in rice" 52 : 197-209, 2007

19 Deng XJ, "Mapped clone and functional analysis of leaf-color gene Ygl7 in a rice hybrid (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica)" 9 : e99564-e99564, 2014

20 Xu J, "Identification of a dual-targeted protein belonging to the mitochondrial carrier family that is required for early leaf development in rice" 161 : 2036-2048, 2013

21 Sheng ZH, "Genetic analysis and molecular mapping of novel white striped leaf mutant gene in rice" 20 : 336-342, 2013

22 Jefferson RA, "GUS fusions: betaglucuronidase as a sensitive and versatile gene fusion marker in higher plants" 6 : 3901-3907, 1987

23 Toki S, "Early infection of scutellum tissue with Agrobacterium allows high-speed transformation of rice" 47 : 969-976, 2006

24 Bollivar DW, "Directed mutational analysis of bacteriochlorophyll a biosynthesis in Rhodobacter capsulatus" 237 : 622-640, 1994

25 Morita R, "Defect in non-yellow coloring 3, an alpha/beta hydrolase-fold family protein, causes a stay-green phenotype during leaf senescence in rice" 59 : 940-952, 2009

26 Arnon DI, "Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts: polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris" 24 : 1-15, 1949

27 Grennan AK, "Cool temperatures interfere with D1 synthesis in tomato by causing ribosomal pausing" 94 : 375-385, 2007

28 Yang YL, "Cloning and functional analysis of pale-green leaf (PGL10) in rice ( Oryza sativa L.)" 78 : 69-77, 2016

29 Kusumi K, "Characterization of a rice nuclear-encoded plastid RNA polymerase gene OsRpoTp" 45 : 1194-1201, 2004

30 Jung KH, "Characterization of a rice chlorophyll-deficient mutant using the T-DNA gene-trap system" 44 : 463-472, 2003

31 Liu X, "A var2 leaf variegation suppressor locus, SUPPRESSOR OF VARIEGATION 3, encodes a putative chloroplast translation elongation factor that is important for chloroplast development in the cold" 10 : 493-495, 2010

32 Wang C, "A simple CRISPR/Cas9 system for multiplex genome editing in rice" 42 : 703-706, 2015

33 Dong H, "A rice virescent-yellow leaf mutant reveals new insights into the role and assembly of plastid caseinolytic protease in higher plants" 162 : 1867-1880, 2013

34 Kusumi K, "A plastid protein NUS1 is essential for build-up of the genetic system for early chloroplast development under cold stress conditions" 68 : 1039-1050, 2011

35 Chen F, "A nucleus-encoded chloroplast protein YL1 is involved in chloroplast development and efficient biogenesis of chloroplast ATP synthase in rice" 6 : 32295-, 2016

36 Chen H, "A knockdown mutation of YELLOW-GREEN LEAF 2 blocks chlorophyll biosynthesis in rice" 32 : 1855-1867, 2013

37 Wu Z, "A chlorophyll-deficient rice mutant with impaired chlorophyllide esterification in chlorophyll biosynthesis" 145 : 29-40, 2007