Effect of Lactobacillus casei fermented Senna tora L. seeds and its active compound via muscarinic M3 signaling on the improvement of intestinal function in rats = Effect of Lactobacillus casei fermented Senna tora L. seeds and its active compound via muscarinic M3 signaling on the improvement of intestinal function in rats

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

We previously reported the potential of Senna tora L. seeds fermented by Lactobacillus casei (FSL) as a laxative agent in a loperamide-induced constipation rat model. Here, we examine the mechanism of action of FSL and its bioactive compound, revealed herein, on loperamide-induced constipation Sprague Dawley rat model. We identified the compound aurantio-obtusin (AO) using HPLC quantitative analysis. Rats were randomly assigned to six experimental groups (eight rats each)-normal and constipated groups (loperamide, FSL [100, 300, 500 mg/kg], and AO [1 mg/kg]). The FSL and AO-treated group showed an increase in the frequency, amount, and water content of feces in the constipated rat. Moreover, FSL and AO increased the intestinal transit speed in the constipated rat. Histological analysis revealed that FSL and AO recovered the intestinal mucus, the number of goblet cells, as well as thickness of the mucosa layer and muscle. Furthermore, the protein levels of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3, which is involved in intestine contraction, were recovered in the FSL and AO-treated group. Its downstream signaling pathway (p-protein kinase C) was recovered by FSL and AO treatment. In conclusion, fermentation of S. tora L. seeds increases AO, which improves intestinal function, indicating that FSL is effective for treating constipation.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 서창섭, "수치에 따른 결명자 주요 Anthraquinone의 함량분석" 한국생약학회 45 (45): 200-208, 2014

2 Kim JE, "Uridine stimulate laxative effect in the loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats through regulation of the mAChRs signaling pathway and mucin secretion" 17 : 21-, 2017

3 Eglen RM, "Therapeutic opportunities from muscarinic receptor research" 22 : 409-414, 2001

4 Ali MZ, "The use of Euphorbia hirta L. (Euphorbiaceae) in diarrhea and constipation involves calcium antagonism and cholinergic mechanisms" 20 : 14-, 2020

5 Goyal RK, "The enteric nervous system" 334 : 1106-1115, 1996

6 Figueroa KW, "Selectivity of agonists for the active state of M1 to M4 muscarinic receptor subtypes" 328 : 331-342, 2009

7 Cornick S, "Roles and regulation of the mucus barrier in the gut" 3 : 1-2, 2015

8 Koebnick C, "Probiotic beverage containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota improves gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with chronic constipation" 17 : 655-659, 2003

9 Gomez A, "Muscarinic receptor subtypes in human and rat colon smooth muscle" 9 : 2413-2419, 1992

10 Mbatchou VC, "Mosquito larvicidal activity of Cassia tora seed extract and its key anthraquinones aurantio-obtusin and obtusin" 10 : 1-8, 2017

11 Hutkins RW, "Microbiology and technology of fermented foods" Blackwell publishing 15-66, 2008

12 노종현, "Loperamide로 유도된 변비모델에서 Lactobacillus casei에 의해 발효된 볶은 결명자 물 추출물의 효과" 한국약용작물학회 24 (24): 471-478, 2016

13 Pawar HA, "Isolation, purification and characterization of galactomannans as an excipient from Senna tora seeds" 65 : 167-175, 2014

14 Li XR, "Gut microbiota alterations from three-strain yogurt formulation treatments in slow-transit constipation" 2020 : 9-, 2020

15 Longstreth GF, "Functional bowel disorders" 130 (130): 1480-1491, 2006

16 Pawar HA, "Extraction, characterization, and molecular weight determination of Senna tora (L.) seed polysaccharide" 928679-, 2015

17 Hong L, "Ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants used by Maonan people in China" 11 : 2015

18 Li Z, "Essential roles of enteric neuronal serotonin in gastrointestinal motility and the development/survival of enteric dopaminergic neurons" 31 (31): 8998-9009, 2011

19 Mazlyn MM, "Effects of a probiotic fermented milk on functional constipation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study" 28 : 1141-1147, 2013

20 Çabuk B, "Effect of fermentation on the protein digestibility and levels of non-nutritive compounds of pea protein concentrate" 56 : 257-264, 2018

21 Akiho H, "Cytokine-induced alterations of gastrointestinal motility in gastrointestinal disorders" 2 : 72-81, 2011

22 Sharma A, "Constipation: pathophysiology and current therapeutic approaches" 239 : 59-74, 2017

23 Chatoor D, "Constipation and evacuation disorders" 23 (23): 517-530, 2009

24 Cirillo C, "Constipation and botanical medicines: An overview" 29 : 1488-1493, 2015

25 Voderholzer WA, "Clinical response to dietary fiber treatment of chronic constipation" 92 : 95-98, 1997

26 Lembo A, "Chronic constipation" 349 : 1360-1368, 2003

27 Dong X, "Cassiae semen: A review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology (Review)" 16 : 2331-2346, 2017

28 Campbell N, Reece J, "Biology" Pearson Education 2002

29 Kim JE, "Aquous extracts of Liriope platyphylla induced significant laxative effects on loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats" 13 : 333-, 2013

30 Awotwe-Otoo D, "Application of quality by design elements for the development and optimization of an analytical method for protamine sulfate" 62 : 61-67, 2012

31 Hou J, "Anti-inflammatory effects of aurantio-obtusin from seed of Cassia obtusifolia L. through modulation of the NF-êB pathway" 23 : 1-15, 2018

32 Siegers CP, "Anthranoid laxative abuse-a risk for colorectal cancer" 34 : 1099-1101, 1993

33 Cepinskas G, "Adaptive cytoprotection in the small intestine: role of mucus" 264 : 921-927, 1993

34 Dave H, "A review on anthraquinones isolated from Cassia species and their applications" 3 : 291-319, 2012

35 Jun DW, "A population-based study on bowel habits in a Korean community: prevalence of functional constipation and selfreported constipation" 51 : 1471-1477, 2006