墨子의 功利主義的 關心과 그 政治思想 = Mo Tzu's utilitarian interest and his political theories

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Mo Tzu's surname was Mo. his given name was Ti, and he was a native of the State of Lu. Both his birth and death date are difficult to ascertain. Various scholars have offered quite different conclusions. but the most reliable view seems to be that he was born about the Thirtieth year of the reign of the Chou King Ching(490 B. C.) and died about the Twenty-third year King Wei-lieh(403 B. C.). As for the events of his life, we know next to nothing, because of the lack of documentary evidence.
Mo Tzu's universal love is the basic element of his political theories, and reverence for heaven, proving the existence of spirits, identification with the superior, and economy of expenditures are its branches. Anti-fatalism, anti-music, and simplicity in funerals are merely other issues upon which circumstances provoked him to take such stands.
Mo Tzu's political theories found its starting point in the choice between benefit and harm, and went on to establish the doctrines of agreement with the superior, of the will of Heaven, and of the proof of the existence of spirits, to insure the practice of universal love. Mo Tzu, having established the agreement with the superior as a political sanction, still felt that to be inadequate: he thus proceeded to promote theories of the will of Heaven. and about the existence of spirits, in order to have religious sanctions as well.