Large-scale constructions in coastal environments : conflict reslolution strategies : First International Symposium, April 1997, Norderney Island, Germany

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Part Ⅰ Environmental Ethics = 1
• 1 The Tower of Babel was a Coastal Edifice = 3
• 1.1 Taking Nature into Account = 5
• 1.2 A Drastic Increase in Productivity = 5
• 1.3 New Policy Indicators Measure Welfare = 5
• 1.4 Concentratiton and Separation of Spatial Funcions = 5
• 1.5 Explicit Management／Conservation and Development of National Parks = 5
• 1.6 Material Flow Chains are Closed Where this is Environmentally Most Effective = 6
• 1.7 Use of Energy-Extensive and Non-Toxic Materials in the Construction Industry = 6
• 1.8 Environmental Planning as an Instrument to Minimise Transport = 6
• 1.9 Minimal Dependence on Fossil Energy in Transport = 6
• 1.10 Minimising the Trasport of Goods = 6
• 1.11 Final Remarks = 7
• 2 Philosophy and Man's Responsibility for Nature = 9
• 2.1 Introduction = 9
• 2.2 Modern Science and Modern Philosophy = 10
• 2.3 Philosophy's Responsibility = 11
• 2.4 Nature Politics = 13
• References = 14
• 3 On Moral Failures in Dealing with Environmental Issues : The Europipe Experience = 15
• 3.1 Introduction = 15
• 3.2 Moral Failures in the Europipe Conflict = 16
• 3.2.1 Original Moral Failure of Politics = 16
• 3.2.2 Moral Failure of the Pipeline Operator = 17
• 3.2.3 Moral Failure of the Environmentalists = 17
• 3.2.4 Second Moral Failure of Politics = 19
• 3.2.5 Moral Failure of Local Communities = 20
• 3.2.6 Moral Failure of the Media = 20
• 3.2.7 Moral Failure of Science = 20
• 3.3 Discussion and Conclusions = 22
• References = 22
• 4 Coastal and Marine Protected Areas : Nature's Refuge from Large-Scale Constructions = 25
• 4.1 Introduction = 25
• 4.2 The Case of Europipe = 25
• 4.3 National Obligations = 26
• 4.4 International Obligations = 28
• 4.5 The Ethical Argument : Respect for Nature = 29
• 4.6 Conclusion = 30
• References = 31
• Part Ⅱ Environmental Policy = 33
• 5 Towards Developing Guidelines for Assessment, Design and Operation of Estuarine Barrages = 35
• 5.1 Introduction = 35
• 5.2 Definitions and Purposes of Barrages and Barriers = 36
• 5.3 The Research Project = 38
• 5.4 The Issues = 40
• 5.4.1 Fisheries, Nature and Conservation = 40
• 5.4.2 Hydrodynamics = 41
• 5.4.3 Morphology = 42
• 5.4.4 Flooding = 43
• 5.4.5 Groundwater = 44
• 5.4.6 Water Quality = 45
• 5.4.7 Waves = 46
• 5.4.8 Navigation = 46
• 5.4.9 Structural Engineering Concepts = 47
• 5.4.10 Water-Related Risk = 48
• 5.5 Environmental Policy = 49
• 5.5.1 Environmental Assessment and Environmental Statement = 49
• 5.5.2 Environment Agency and Licences, Consents and Approvals = 50
• 5.5.3 Planning Policy Guidance and Other Legislative Instruments = 51
• 5.5.4 The Habitats Directive = 52
• 5.5.5 Recreation and the Amenity Plan = 52
• 5.6 Conclusion = 53
• Bibliography and References = 54
• 6 Building Bridges to Science : Marking Coastal Science Better Understood = 55
• 6.1 Introduction = 55
• 6.2 Development, Science and Public Understanding = 55
• 6.3 Constraints on Public Understanding of Coastal Science = 56
• 6.4 Making Coastal Science Better Understood = 59
• 6.5 Accessing the Inaccessible = 59
• 6.6 Providing the "Public Window to the Marine Environment" = 60
• 6.7 "Sharing the Secrets of the Sea" - Dorset Coastlink A Case Study in Networking and Promoting Public Understanding of Coastal Science = 64
• 6.8 Conclusions = 65
• References = 66
• 7 The Control and Steering Group for the Φresund Fixed Link (KS$$\ddot O$$) and the Environmental Control and Monitoring Programme = 67
• 7.1 The Control and Steering Group for the Φresund Fixed Link (KS$$\ddot O$$) = 67
• 7.2 The Environmental Control and Monitoring Programme = 69
• 7.2.1 Monitoring of Water Quality = 69
• 7.2.2 Monitoring of Benthic Vegetation and Benthic Fauna = 70
• 7.2.3 Monitoring of Fish = 76
• 7.2.4 Monitoring of Birds = 76
• 7.2.5 Monitoring of Beaches and Coasts = 77
• 7.2.6 Environmental Information Systme = 77
• 7.3 Postscript = 78
• 7.4 List of Words and Expressions = 78
• References = 78
• Part Ⅲ Environmental Impact and Planning = 81
• 8 Europipe Ⅱ : Early Consultation and Selection of Environmentally Good Alternatives Pay Off = 83
• 8.1 Introduction = 83
• 8.2 Alternative Pipeline Routes = 83
• 8.3 Fishery Interests = 84
• 8.4 Environmental Interests = 86
• 8.5 Conclusions = 88
• References = 89
• 9 Seawater Desalination Plants : Heavy Coastal Industry = 91
• 9.1 Introduction = 91
• 9.2 The Legal Context = 92
• 9.3 Coastal Morphological Impacts = 93
• 9.4 Some Technical Information About Thermal Desalination = 93
• 9.5 Chemical Impacts = 94
• 9.6 A Case Study : Copper = 95
• 9.7 A Glance at Reverse Osmosis-Plants = 96
• 9.8 The Targets : Coastal Sub-Ecosystems = 97
• 9.9 How to Use the Sensitivity Index = 98
• 9.10 Effects on the Regional Ecosystem as a Whole = 98
• 9.11 Concluding Remarks = 101
• References = 102
• 10 Fixed Link Projects in Denmark and Ecological Monitoring of the Φresund Fixed Link = 105
• 10.1 Introduction = 105
• 10.2 Great Belt Link = 105
• 10.3 The Φresund Link = 105
• 10.4 The Fehmarn Belt Link = 106
• 10.5 Ecological Monitoring Programme of the Φresund Link = 107
• 10.5.1 Objectives = 107
• 10.5.2 Criteria = 107
• 10.5.3 Dredging Operations = 108
• 10.5.4 Monitoring Strategy = 109
• 10.5.5 The Contractors' Spill Monitoring Programme = 109
• 10.5.6 Calculation of the Zero Solution = 110
• 10.5.7 Feedback Monitoring Programme = 110
• 10.5.8 Effect Monitoring = 111
• 10.6 Discussion and Conclusions = 113
• References = 115
• 11 Towards an Integrated Approach in Environmental Planning : The Europipe Experience = 117
• 11.1 Introduction = 117
• 11.2 The Wadden Sea = 117
• 11.3 The Europipe Project = 118
• 11.4 The Environmental Protection Plan = 119
• 11.5 Sensitivity Studies(Route Selection) = 120
• 11.6 Environmental Impact Assessment = 121
• 11.7 The Environmental Management of Construction Activities = 122
• 11.8 Ecological Monitoring Programme = 124
• 11.9 Environmental Audit = 124
• 11.10 Conclusions = 125
• References = 127
• Part Ⅳ Recourse and Coastal Management = 129
• 12 Managing the Ecology and Economy of Modified Estuaries : The Delta Project in The Netherlands = 131
• 12.1 Introduction = 131
• 12.2 Responses of Ecology and Economy = 134
• 12.2.1 Ecology = 134
• 12.2.2 Socio-economy = 136
• 12.3 Management Strategies = 137
• 12.4 The Decision Making Process and Lessons Learned = 138
• 12.5 Conclusions = 139
• References = 140
• 13 Economics and Project Management in the Coastal Zone = 141
• 13.1 Introduction = 141
• 13.2 Competing Analytical Frameworks and Underlying World View = 142
• 13.2.1 Conventional CBA Framework = 142
• 13.2.2 Modified CBA Framework = 143
• 13.2.3 Radical Restriction of CBA Framework = 143
• 13.2.4 Abandonment of CBA Framework = 144
• 13.2.5 Further Issues of CBA Framework = 144
• 13.3 Large-Scale Project Evaluation in the Coastal Zone = 145
• 13.3.1 Port／Marina Complex Project : Partial Valuation Approach = 147
• 13.3.2 Sustainable Development Policy Objective = 148
• 13.4 Programme Level Sustainability Rules = 149
• 13.5 Conclusions = 150
• References = 150
• 14 An Integrated Approach to Sustainable Coastal Management = 151
• 14.1 Introduction = 151
• 14.2 Management of Coastal Areas = 151
• 14.3 The Ecosystem Approach to Land-Use Planning in Coastal Areas = 154
• 14.4 Capacity Building, Major Groups and Public Participation = 154
• 14.5 Conclusive Remarks = 155
• References = 156
• 15 The Europipe Landfall Project = 157
• 15.1 Introduction = 157
• 15.2 Background = 157
• 15.3 Project Planning and Approval = 158
• 15.4 Europipe Project Facilities = 159
• 15.5 Europipe Landfall Facilities／Activities = 159
• 15.5.1 Dredging = 159
• 15.5.2 Pipelaying in the Tidal Channel = 160
• 15.5.3 The Tunnel = 161
• 15.5.4 The Tie-in Chamber = 163
• 15.5.5 Pipelaying in the Tunnel = 164
• 15.5.6 Backfilling of the Dredged Material = 164
• 15.6 Environmental Management of Construction Activities = 166
• 15.7 Concluding Remarks = 166
• References = 167
• Part Ⅴ Environmental Science = 169
• 16 Embankments and Their Ecological Impacts : A Case Study from the Tropical Low-Lying Coastal Plains of the Deltaic Sunderbans, India = 171
• 16.1 Introduction = 171
• 16.2 Physical Setting = 171
• 16.3 Embankment Function and Design = 173
• 16.3.1 Boulder Embankments = 173
• 16.3.2 Brick-Block Revetments = 174
• 16.3.3 Timber and Bamboo Pile Bulkheads = 175
• 16.3.4 Gunny-Bag Embankments = 175
• 16.4 Engineering Performance of Embankments = 175
• 16.4.1 Improper Design and Construction = 175
• 16.4.2 Natural Destabilisation = 176
• 16.4.3 Inadequate Maintenance = 176
• 16.4.4 Embankment Breaching = 176
• 16.4.5 Ecological Impacts of Embankments = 178
• 16.5 Conclusions = 179
• References = 180
• 17 In Situ Settling Velocities and Concentrations of Suspended Sediment in Spill Plumes, Φresund, Denmark = 181
• 17.1 Introduction = 181
• 17.2 Study Area = 181
• 17.3 Methods = 183
• 17.4 Results = 183
• 17.4.1 Settling Velocity = 183
• 17.4.2 Concentration = 185
• 17.4.3 Accumulation = 187
• 17.5 Discussion and Conclusions = 188
• References = 189
• Index = 191