20 (S)-ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth by suppressing the Axl signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a high morbidity and mortality worldwide. 20 (S)-ginsenosideRh2 (G-Rh2) is a natural compound extracted from ginseng, which exhibits anticancer effects in manycancer types. In this study, we demonstrated the effect and underlying molecular mechanism of G-Rh2 inCRC cells in vitro and in vivo.
Methods: Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, cell cycle, and western blot assays wereperformed to evaluate the effect of G-Rh2 on CRC cells. In vitro pull-down assay was used to verify theinteraction between G-Rh2 and Axl. Transfection and infection experiments were used to explore thefunction of Axl in CRC cells. CRC xenograft models were used to further investigate the effect of Axlknockdown and G-Rh2 on tumor growth in vivo.
Results: G-Rh2 significantly inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induced apoptosis andG0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest in CRC cell lines. G-Rh2 directly binds to Axl and inhibits the Axl signalingpathway in CRC cells. Knockdown of Axl suppressed the growth, migration and invasion ability of CRCcells in vitro and xenograft tumor growth in vivo, whereas overexpression of Axl promoted the growth,migration, and invasion ability of CRC cells. Moreover, G-Rh2 significantly suppressed CRC xenografttumor growth by inhibiting Axl signaling with no obvious toxicity to nude mice.
Conclusion: Our results indicate that G-Rh2 exerts anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo by suppressingthe Axl signaling pathway. G-Rh2 is a promising candidate for CRC prevention and treatment.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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