In compact Internet of things (IoT) systems, many kinds of low-power and low-supply building blocks are required to increase the lifetime of a battery. Especially, in ultra-low-power (ULP) IoT systems, it is mandatory for power management to turn off ...
In compact Internet of things (IoT) systems, many kinds of low-power and low-supply building blocks are required to increase the lifetime of a battery. Especially, in ultra-low-power (ULP) IoT systems, it is mandatory for power management to turn off in the state not in use and reduce settling time at the beginning of the operation. In this paper, dynamic (on/off) CMOS voltage reference from 0.7V is introduced. 2-transistors in series discharge a capacitor, and then by subtracting each threshold voltage, generate supply-independent and temperature-independent voltage in a period. An auto-zeroed long-hold buffer is located at the back-end of voltage reference, so that it is possible to lengthen a period and further reduce power of voltage reference. Prototype chips fabricated in 65nm-CMOS process show temperature coefficient of 8ppm/℃ (best) and line sensitivity of 0.08%/V and consume 13nW in a period of 102.4μs from -40oC to 100oC. A time-based trimming method is adopted to adjust capacitor discharging time and generate a precise reference voltage without affecting reference core block. This simple method is able to reduce 3σ inaccuracy of reference voltage from ±1.1% to ±0.3% across all 100 dies.