기형도 詩의 '상실과 좌절'에 관한 연구 = A Study on 'Loss and Frustration' in Poetry by Ki Hyung-do

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

A Study on ‘Loss and Frustration’ in Poetry by Ki Hyung-do

The poet, Ki Hyung-do, who died at 29, he did not received attention in his lifetime; however, he became very well-known after he passed away and great attention to his works has continued until now. There are some reasons that his works have gained, including his early death, his distinguished writing styles from those in the same period, and images of death in his works.

Images of death in his works are closely associated with major events in his life. Since his father collapsed after failure of his business, his family’s fortune had been on the wane. This led him to develop without enough parental affection and care, as his parents focused on making a living, instead of nurturing him. In his poems describing his childhood, he was left alone at home. When his elder sister, who took a role of a mother for him, died in an accident, he experienced a great sense of loss. He started to compose poems after her death, and the loss of a loved one largely influenced on establishing his motive in writing poems. His wounded heart is reflected as the image of death, and his works seem to be always related to death. When his first collection of poetry was about to finished, he died by stroke at a theater in Jongro. His family and friends regretted that he died young just before publishing his first collection of poetry. Finally they printed his collection of poetry titled by ‘Black leaf in the mouth’. Shortly after publishing his poetry, great attention to his poems has gained.

Most remarks about his works highlight his depressed heart about death. He had grown up with his wounded heart from tragic events during his childhood and this largely affected his poetry. The characteristics of his works reflected trends of poems in 1990’s, although he worked as a poet in 1980’s when military government, negative aspects of industrial society and debased dignity of vulnerable groups under capitalistic economy were raised as political and social issues. Thus popular trends of poems in 1980’s were related to political and rebellious poems against the military government, while poetry of Ki Hyung-do show his own life and emotion, which differentiate his works from those in 1980’s. He also expressed his feelings about the unjust political reality with calm tones instead of firm and sarcastic ones. These characteristics of his works led him to become one of the major poets in 90s. In this respect, his works are academically valuable.

Ki Hyung-do’s poetic creativity comes from the memory of tragic events and poverty during his childhood. He experienced a great sense of loss of loved ones in early life, which is difficult to overcome through his lifetime. He realized 'sense of loss', 'being old' and 'being dead' rather than life with full of hope, by watching his father who was close to death. He had to teach himself the way to accept the reality and to be independent, while his mother devoted herself to earn a living for family. 'Empty home' that often showed as a poetic diction in his poems, indicate him left in the empty space as well as his ego of loneliness.
It is understood that the perception of death which is familiar with Ki Hyung-do is identical to whole meaning for someone itself. As the experience of ‘loss and frustration’ derived from his personal history brought him to consciousness lopsided in the negative view of the world and death, it has played a role in letting people recognize his poem as negative image. The incidents of death that happened by accident sometimes turn into the factor to makes him to think continuously about his existence himself. Though the coincidental incidents lead his mental world to chaos and torment, he is willing to make steps forward leaving the chaos and anxiety behind and to devote himself to recovering his existence so that he could prepare for moving his poetic world forward world positively. When we are in the agony of death, we can’t say about what the death is. Since he has already has been free from pondering death, he greets the death by inviting again into his poem world in order to break out of agonal circle surrounding him.

When the pondering about death comes to end eventually, he could achieve complete death and get guaranteed new life. The experience of ‘loss and frustration’ enables him to acquire soul-searching awareness on composition. As remained in picture, Ki Hyung-do with thick eyebrows who sings well, left his posthumous poetry that immortalize so that people have great literary interest on his work. It is very encouraging that his work is being reviewed over time. The reason his poet could meet again many readers was possible because of intersected sympathy which his poet and contemporary social concerns have overlapped. It is expected that His sigh derived from deepest agony could heal and take care of pain of neglected, wounded people. Maybe Ki Hyung-do expected that readers let discharge from festering wounds slide by and receive affirmative hope that granulate tissues from them.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• 1. 연구의 목적 1
• 2. 선행연구 검토 2
• 3. 연구방법과 범위 8
• Ⅱ. 기형도 詩의 특질 10
• 1. 성장기(成長期)의 궁핍과 상실 10
• 1) 아버지의 병과 재활의 희망 11
• 2) 가장으로서의 어머니와 고된 삶의 의지 16
• 3) 누이의 죽음과 상실감 20
• 4) 어린 화자의 외로움과 자기 연민 24
• 2. 성인으로의 입사(入社, initiation)와 불온한 침묵 28
• 1) 대학시절, 시대환경에 대한 고뇌 28
• 2) 취업 후의 변화, 도시의 소시민 32
• 3. 죽음의 사유와 역설적 희망 37
• 1) 조로(早老)의 내면의식 37
• 2) 우울한 절망의 독백 42
• Ⅲ. 결 론 48
• 참고문헌 52
• Abstract 56