사도행전의 고난 모티프 연구 = (A) study on the suffering motif in Acts of the Apostles : an exegetical and theological inquiry

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This thesis sets a goal to reconstruct the Acts of the Apostles from a neglected theme in the study of the Acts: the theme of suffering, persecution, and martyrdom. Suffering and adversity in Acts often comes in the context of the proclaiming the kingdom of God. Suffering either gives rise to a defense of the gospel or forces the witness to move on to proclaim the message elsewhere. Luke make use of proleptic prophecy to redirect his narrative. His major concern are both evangelistic and pastoral. The evangelistic emphasis can be seen in the speeches as they are woven into the narrative fabric of the Book of the Acts. The pastoral concerns come in Luke's attempt to prepare his audience to become God's witnesses through the enabling power of the Holy Spirit. He also wants them to be prepare to suffer for the expansion of the kingdom of God. Luke does this by providing examples like Peter and Paul who have endured adversities for the cause of the gospel and by warning the churches of Jerusalem, Galatia, and Ephesus of the trial and tribulation ahead.
The Acts of the Apostles is unique in the literature of the New Testament. It deals with the historical development of the early church and the spread of Christianity. To aid in understanding Luke's approach there is a survey of scholarship and ancient historiographies. The former indicates that while a great deal of attention has been devoted to the speeches, the study of suffering and persecution is sparse.
Chapter 1 surveyed Luke-Acts research since 19th century and discovered that no one work considered suffering as a major theme in Luke-Acts. There were few scholars who grappled with suffering as it related to specific issues in Luke-Acts; nevertheless, no one work attempted a broader, more extensive treatment of the subject. This thesis has strived to fill this void.
Chapter 2 examined the prevailing concepts of suffering in the Greco-Roman world. Our study begins with the intention of Luke and the concept of suffering in Acts, progressed to the prevailing concepts of suffering to the Greco-Roman literature, and concluded with an inspection of early Christian literature. After this survey, we determined that a suffering paradigm could be constructed of the principal views of suffering in the Mediterranean world, which included: obedience, conflict, voluntary death, divine signal and imitation. Although it was shown that suffering was not limited to these five characteristics, the question that surfaced was whether the writer of Luke-Acts was influenced by these characteristics, in that they shaped his presentation of Jesus, his teachings, and the apostles of the early church? Luke was profoundly influenced, both literarily and the theologically, by the prevailing concepts of suffering, persecution and martyrdom available to him.
Chapter 3 and 4 explored the theme of suffering in the Acts. This study investigates the function of suffering throughout the narratives in the Book of the Acts. Each occurrence of opposition, hardship, or persecution is analyzed in its context to show that there is a theme of suffering in the Acts. The literary and theological role of suffering is then explored. This research is based on a narrative analysis of the events of suffering and persecution. Notes are made of the parallels, series, echoes, repetition of phrases, and other pertinent information. Luke's theology of suffering is rooted in the concept of the suffering people of God in the Old Testament. Luke's perception is reinforced by "The Christ must suffer" motif which is repeated in various speeches in Acts. Apostolic preaching adds the necessary dimensions to this concept of suffering.
Chapter 5 investigates the theological meaning of suffering motif in Acts. Suffering for Luke was an essential ingredient of what it meant to be a disciple of Jesus. No doubt Luke accentuated other discipleship traits: use of possessions, prayer, belief, forgiveness/reconciliation, etc., but he continues to how the disciple is to integrate suffering with following, or "imitating" Christ(Imitatio Christi). Clearly suffering is a major force in the gospel's expansion. Certainly the gospels moves, but never without pain. Luke teaches that suffering accompanies serious ministry and the expansion of Christianity. Through personal witness and sacrifice the kingdom will triumph.
In conclusion, this study suggest that Luke was consistent with how he shaped both the teaching and characterization of Jesus in the Gospel, which served as foreshadowing of what was to come in Acts, and the characterizations of the main characters in Acts. Luke was indeed conscious of suffering and how it affected his original readers.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 서론 = 1
• A. 연구 목적과 중요성 = 1
• B. 연구방법 및 범위 = 8
• C. 연구사 = 9
• Ⅱ. 사도행전의 기록목적과 삶의 자리 = 30
• A. 사도행전의 기록목적과 고난 = 31
• B. 고난과 순교에 대한 헬라-로마, 유대 세계의 이해 = 42
• C. 고난, 박해, 순교에 대한 초기 기독교인들의 관점 = 60
• Ⅲ. 사도행전의 고난모티프 주석 = 70
• A. 고난의 시작과 고난 모티프에서 베드로의 역할 = 70
• B. 순교자 스데반과 야고보 = 85
• C. 사도행전의 고난 모티프에서 바울의 역할 = 98
• Ⅳ. 사도행전 고난 모티프의 신학적 의미 = 122
• A. 그리스도인의 정체성 = 122
• B. 그리스도의 고난과 승리를 본받는 제자직(Imitatio Christi) = 128
• C. 박해 속에서 확산되는 복음 = 145
• Ⅴ. 결론 = 155
• A. 요약 및 과제 = 155
• B. 적용 및 전망 = 157
• 참고문헌 = 160
• ABSTRACT = 171