Physico-chemical properties of late-incubation egg amniotic fluid and a potential in ovo feed supplement

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Objective: This study explored the physico-chemical properties of late-incubation egg amniotic fluid and a potential in ovo feed (IOF) supplement.
Methods: Amniotic fluid was collected from broiler breeders (Ross 308, 51 weeks and Cobb 500, 35 weeks) on day 17 after incubation. A mixture of high-quality soy protein supplement – Hamlet Protein AviStart (HPA) was serially diluted in MilliQ water to obtain solutions ranging from 150 to 9.375 mg/mL. The mixtures were heat-treated (0, 30, 60 minutes) in a waterbath (80°C) and then centrifuged to obtain supernatants. The amniotic fluid and HPA supernatants were analysed for their physico-chemical properties.
Results: Only viscosity and K+ were significantly (p<0.05) different in both strains. Of all essential amino acids, leucine and lysine were in the highest concentration in both strains. The osmolality, viscosity and pCO2 of the supernatants decreased (p<0.05) with decreasing HPA concentration. Heat treatment significantly (p<0.05) affected osmolality, pH, and pCO2, of the supernatants. The interactions between HPA concentration and heat treatment were significant with regards to osmolality (p<0.01), pH (p<0.01), pCO2 (p<0.05), glucose (p<0.05), lactate (p<0.01) and acid-base status (p<0.01) of HPA solutions. The Ca2+, K+, glucose, and lactate increased with increasing concentration of HPA solution. The protein content of HPA solutions decreased (p<0.05) with reduced HPA solution concentrations. The supernatant from 150 mg/mL HPA solution was richest in glutamic acid, aspartic acid, arginine and lysine. Amino acids concentrations were reduced (p<0.05) with each serial dilution but increased with longer heating.
Conclusion: The values obtained in the primary solution (highest concentration) are close to the profiles of high-protein ingredients. This supplement, as a solution, hence, may be suitable for use as an IOF supplement and should be tested for this potential.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Newsholme EA, "The proposed role of glutamine in some cells of the immune system and speculative consequences for the whole animal" 13 : 728-730, 1997

2 Kemps BJ, "The assessment of viscosity measurements on the albumen of consumption eggs as an indicator for freshness" 89 : 2699-2703, 2010

3 Wolanski NJ, "Relationships among egg characteristics, chick measurements, and early growth traits in ten broiler breeder strains" 86 : 1784-1792, 2007

4 Kadam MM, "Prospects of in ovo feeding and nutrient supplementation for poultry: the science and commercial applications - a review" 93 : 3654-3661, 2013

5 Wu G, "Proline and hydroxyproline metabolism: implications for animal and human nutrition" 40 : 1053-1063, 2011

6 Baggott GK, "Perspectives in fertilisation and embryonic development in poultry" Ratite Conference Books 2001

7 Hoyt DF, "Osmoregulation by avian embryos: The allantois functions like a toad's bladder" 52 : 354-362, 1979

8 Ohta Y, "Optimum site for in ovo amino acid injection in broiler breeder eggs" 80 : 1425-1429, 2001

9 Minitab Inc, "Minitab® Statistical Packge"

10 Batal AB, "Mineral composition of corn and soybean meal" 19 : 361-364, 2010

11 Uni Z, "Methods for early nutrition and their potential" 60 : 101-111, 2004

12 Wu G, "Maternal Nutrition and Fetal development" 134 : 2169-2172, 2004

13 Bolin GM, "Incubation humidity as an environmental stressor on the osmoregulatory developmental program of the chicken, Gallus gallus domesticus" University of North Texas 2009

14 Dalloul RA, "In ovo administration of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and the recombinant microneme protein MIC2 protects against Eimeria infections" 23 : 3108-3113, 2005

15 Molenaar R, "High environmental temperature increases glucose requirement in the developing chicken embryo" 8 : e59637-, 2013

16 Murray KR, "Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry" McGraw Hill 2006

17 Gore AB, "Enhancement of humoral and cellular immunity by vitamin E after embryonic exposure" 76 : 984-991, 1997

18 Uni Z, "Enhancement of development of oviparous species by in ovo feeding"

19 Ohta Y, "Embryo growth and amino acid concentration profiles of broiler breeder eggs, embryos, and chicks after in ovo administration of amino acids" 80 : 1430-1436, 2001

20 Sigwart JD, "Elevated pCO2 drives lower growth and yet increased calcification in the early life history of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (Mollusca: Cephalopoda)" 73 : 970-980, 2016

21 Salmanzadeh M, "Effects of in ovo injection of glucose on hatchability, hatching weight and subsequent performance of newly-hatched chicks" 14 : 137-140, 2012

22 McGruder BM, "Effects of in ovo injection of electrolyte solutions on the pre- and posthatch physiological characteristics of broilers" 90 : 1058-1066, 2011

23 Keralapurath MM, "Effects of in ovo injection of L-carnitine on hatchability and subsequent broiler performance and slaughter yield" 89 : 1497-1501, 2010

24 de Oliveira JE, "Effects of in ovo feeding on turkey embryos development, energy status, intestinal maturation, gene expression and post-hatch development" North Carolina State University 2007

25 Tako E, "Effects of in ovo feeding of carbohydrates and β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate on the development of chicken intestine" 83 : 2023-2028, 2004

26 Shafey TM, "Effects of in ovo administration of amino acids on hatchability and performance of meat chickens" 44 : 123-130, 2014

27 Tona KO, "Effects of age of broiler breeders and egg storage on egg quality hatchability, chick quality, chick weight, and chick posthatch growth to forty-two days" 13 : 10-18, 2004

28 Al-Murrani WK, "Effect of injecting amino acids into the egg on embryonic and subsequent growth in the domestic fowl" 23 : 171-174, 1982

29 Gaafar KM, "Effect of in-ovo administration with two levels of amino acids mixture on the performance of Muscovy ducks" 25 : 58-65, 2013

30 Kadam MM, "Effect of in ovo threonine supplementation on early growth, immunological responses and digestive enzyme activities in broiler chickens" 49 : 736-741, 2008

31 Ferket P, "Effect of in ovo feeding solution osmolality on hatching turkeys" 84 (84): 118-119, 2005

32 Kornasio R, "Effect of in ovo feeding and its interaction with timing of first feed on glycogen reserves, muscle growth, and body weight" 90 : 1467-1477, 2011

33 Kocamis H, "Effect of in ovo administration of insulin-like growth factor-I on composition and mechanical properties of chicken bone" 79 : 1345-1350, 2000

34 Molenaar R, "Effect of eggshell temperature and oxygen concentration during incubation on the developmental and physiological status of broiler hatchlings in the perinatal period" 90 : 1257-1266, 2011

35 Ohta Y, "Effect of amino acid injection in broiler breeder eggs on embryonic growth and hatchability of chicks" 78 : 1493-1498, 1999

36 Romanoff AL, "Biochemistry of the avian embryo: a quantitative analysis of prenatal development" Interscience publishers, A division of John Wiley and Sons 1967

37 Li P, "Amino acids and immune function" 98 : 237-252, 2007

38 Carinci P, "Albumen absorption during chick embryogenesis" 20 : 107-118, 1968