씨름의 사회사 = 역사적 변천을 중심으로

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

'Ssireum' is a folk play handed down from the ancient times to today. However, the historical books on 'ssireum' are very limited. I examined its changes by reading the materials closely in a restricted situation and depicted the scene of society which 'ssireum' existed. It was appeared on the mural paintings in the Goguryeo(37 B.C.~668 A.D.) tombs named 'gakjeochong' and 'jangcheon No. 1'. It showed its origin clearly among folk plays. Through the two wrestlers and an old man looking like an umpire depicted on the paintings, it can be understood that it had a certain rule already in this period and was taken up as an individual folk play.
There are no materials which represented 'ssireum' followed this situation, but during the Mongolian invasion, it was played by the warriors to protect the king. It used to be a standard to be a good warrior, but it wasn't a formal standard in the Goryeo Dynasty(910~1392). It was presumed to be related to the tactics of that period in that it was considered as an art associating with a warrior's power and quality to be a swift warrior. It was conducted even at night, so it possessed the characteristics of a banquet.
However, in the Joseon Dynasty(1392~1910), 'ssireum' didn't have the tactical skills, so that it was acknowledged as a simple folk play measuring the wrestlers' strength. The development of the gunpowder and guns played a direct role in converting the tactical skills into the folk play. Contrary to the warriors of the Goryeo Dynasty, the wrestlers of Joseon were comprised of the petty public officials, who were named 'a strong man' using his energy. It was settled down as a play of seasonal customs. Even though it was occasionally led by the monks and was played in the temples, it was regionally implemented on special occasions such as 'dano', the fifth day of the Fifth Moon marking the beginning of the summer months, 'baekjung', the Buddhist all souls' day falling on the fifteenth day of the Seventh Moon, and 'chuseok', the harvest moon festival falling on the fifteenth day of the Eighth Moon. 'Ssireum' was played on 'dano' in the northern area composed of rice farming, on 'chilseok', the star festival falling on the seventh day of the Seventh Moon and 'baekjung' in the central area mixed with the rice farming and dry-field farming, and on 'chuseok' in the southern area made up of the dry-field farming. This means that it was performed in the national holidays according to each region. The practical use of the regional residents' spare hours and their unity can not help being different according to regions. The folk play conducted in the representative national holidays related to the summer farming signifies that it was taken up as a play to conduct in common with the people. It can be understood that it became general and rooted in the regions and was changed and developed as a suitable play to perform it in a gathering place.
In the late Joseon Dynasty, it was prohibited by the Dynasty owing to its militaristic and bellicose characteristics. It was banned on ground that it was anxious about giving a bad influence to the confucian standards in the early Joseon Dynasty and causing the competence in power in a stable society in the late Joseon Dynasty. In spite of the consistent prohibition on it in society, it was handed down to today as a representative folk play. 'Ssireum' taken up as a sport having rules from the early times was differentiated according to regions but it was developed as a folk play and representative one of seasonal customs.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 삼국시대의 씨름
• Ⅱ. 고려시대의 씨름
• Ⅲ. 조선시대 씨름
• Ⅳ. 맺음말
• 참고문헌