(The) change of national image by receiving scholarship in Korea

김지윤 Graduate School of International Studies, Korea Un 2022 국내석사

As public diplomacy is a new platform that can complement diplomatic power, many countries are providing scholarship programs and widening their scope of interaction with other countries. The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of the scholarship provided by Korean institutions in promoting public diplomacy, and to provide implications to improve its effectiveness. To evaluate the national image, Buhmann and Ingenhoff’s 4D model of the country image is utilized as a framework. The results have been compared based on variables; respondents’ nationality, experience in Korea, and the type of scholarship. Our findings suggest that after coming to Korea, scholarship receiving international students evaluate Korea more positively in all 4 dimensions; functional, normative, aesthetic, affective dimension. However, according to the result sorted by each variable, the national image of Korea rose or fell depending on the variables and dimensions. With nationality variable, the national image of the developed countries showed a decline. In addition, more experience in visiting Korea or a longer period of residence in Korea had a negative impact on Korea's national image. While different results were shown according to the scholarship-providing institution, there was no significant difference according to the scope of the scholarship. Although the analysis showed that scholarships have a positive effect on Korea's national image, it is important to develop programs to provide effective and higher-quality programs.

국가이미지가 와인이미지와 와인선호도, 구매의도에 미치는 영향 : 와인관여도를 조절변수로

김은경 경희대학교 관광대학원 2015 국내석사

This study analyze show wine consumers perceive the national image and how the national image and that of its wine products affects the consumers' decisions of purchase when it comes to the preference of their own wines among the wine consumers. The purpose of this study is to develop a scale for measuring the wine image and to examine the relationships among national image, their own wine image, preference, intention to consume and making an empirical analysis of the difference depending on involvement in wine. Thus, it can help the wine import and wine distribution industries advancing to the Korean wine market. This study was conducted about the national image, the wine image, preference and the intention to consume by formulating a hypothesis based on the examination. The statistical data were collected from wine consumers in Gyeonggi-do province area by carrying out a survey using the questionnaire. The validity and the reliability of the data were thoroughly measured and the hypothesis was verified by the multiple regression analysis. The results of exploratory factor analysis found two factors regarding the wine image: cognitive image and affective image. Also, our result indicated that cognitive and affective image of national image was affected to wine image, preference, and intention to consume. In addition, affective image of national image gave a meaningful effect on wine image more than cognitive image of national image. And affective image of wine was more affected to preference and intention to consume than cognitive image of wine. Furthermore, preference of wine had a positive association with the intention to wine consume. These findings support that importance of affective image of national & wine image in consumer behavior. By the way, the wine involvement doesn't have moderating effect for national image affecting wine image, wine image affecting preference and intention to consume. herefore, it can be inferred that the national image and the wine image directly affects the preference and demand of wine consumers toward wine products. Furthermore, it was certain that the affective image of national image was highly influential to the preference and demand of wine consumers when the wine is unfamiliar. Thus, it suggests that if wine import companies and wine distribution industries focus on the affective image of national image and affective image of their own wine, it would result in a fruitful marketing by changing the wine consumers' pattern of purchase positively on Korean wine market.

한국의 대중국 국가이미지 인식 변화 추세에 관한 연구

반지초 韓國外國語大學校 大學院 2022 국내석사

The national image plays an important role in international relations based on international politics, diplomacy, and economy. Many countries are trying to achieve political and economic effects along with their diplomatic status by improving their national image. Korea and China are countries that have developed together from the beginning of history. The two countries have a history of developing together through conflict and cooperation at each major historical juncture. Buddhism, Confucian culture, Chinese characters, and various political and economic systems have been engaged in Korean culture through exchanges with China. Therefore, the national image of China from Korea has undergone historical changes and has changed in the relationship between the two countries. The paper aims to explore policy alternatives to improve diplomatic relations between Korea and China through the process of changing China's national image from Korea. Therefore, this paper first attempts to analyze China's national image based on existing research on national image as a theoretical discussion. It also divided China's diplomatic strategy into hard power and soft power, and attempted to analyze what diplomatic strategy China is currently using in terms of soft power to improve its national image. Based on theoretical discussions on diplomatic strategies and national image relations, China's diplomatic strategies were discussed together at various levels. Subsequently, how Korea's national image of China was formed in the historical process was reviewed using major historical data and statistical data. In this process, it was found that Korea's national image was disconnected from the past in the process of modernizing it away from China's influence after the Sino-Japanese War, and recognized it as a hostile relationship with China through the Korean War. It then analyzes the relationship between major foreign policies in the Xi Jinping era and the national image of China that Koreans have. An analysis of China's national image based on these historical data and objective data confirmed that the recent deterioration of China's national image on the THAAD crisis combined with the Chinese government's major foreign policy with South Korea's stance. As an alternative to this, a strategy to recognize the differences between the two countries based on the "human destiny community," one of China's diplomatic discourse, and to resolve the differences in the two countries' perception of history, a joint committee and a younger generation exchange were proposed. This paper is valuable in that it analyzes Koreans' national image of China, which has continued from historical relations between Korea and China, and suggests policy alternatives for the development of future bilateral relations through discussions on the deteriorated national image of China based on China's foreign policy.

국가이미지 제고 관점에서 문화정체성 확립을 위한 한복 문화정책 연구

이상례 중앙대학교 대학원 2023 국내박사

This thesis is about the study of Hanbok cultural policy to strengthen the national competitiveness by establishing the cultural identity from the perspective of enhancing national image. In the global era, national image determines international influence and status and influences cooperation and competition between countries. In order to improve this image, the establishment of a country's cultural tradition and identity is of utmost importance. In particular, as a traditional culture that can establish cultural identity, Hanbok is a unique cultural asset that contains Korean history and cultural values and can symbolize the identity and the pride of the Korean people. In addition, if Hanbok culture is preserved and revitalized as a policy, it can firmly establish the direction of establishing cultural identity according to the trend, which can be manifested as strengthening global competitiveness and enhancing the national image. Therefore, this study has academic significance in identifying Hanbok cultural policies for establishing cultural identity from the perspective of enhancing national image, deriving their characteristics, and discussing the impact of Hanbok cultural policies. The purpose of this study is, first, to examine the concept and formation factors of national image and to understand the direction of Korea's national image enhancement by establishing theories from economic, diplomatic, and cultural perspectives. Second, it redefines the concepts of cultural identity and cultural policy from a research perspective and establishes a theoretical framework to lay the groundwork for their relationship. Third, by examining the case of Hanbok cultural policy according to the type of cultural identity, we derive the characteristics of Hanbok cultural policy for establishing cultural identity. Fourth, based on the characteristics of Hanbok cultural policies for establishing cultural identity from the perspective of enhancing national image, we understand the future direction and enhance the value. The economic, diplomatic, and cultural consequences of the Hanbok cultural policy for establishing cultural identity from the perspective of enhancing national image are as follows. First, from the economic perspective of enhancing national image, the Hanbok cultural policy for establishing cultural identity is to strengthen the country's economic competitiveness and contribute to enhancing a positive national image through Hanbok. Accordingly, the Hanbok cultural policy for establishing cultural identity creates a creative cultural environment in which the public takes the lead and revitalizes the Hanbok cultural industry through policy support for the development of Hanbok cultural product content and expansion into overseas markets. From the economic point of view of enhancing the national image, the Hanbok cultural policy for establishing cultural identity has been contributing to the competitiveness of Hanbok as a traditional culture representing Korea by creating economic benefits for the public. Second, from the diplomatic perspective of enhancing national image, the Hanbok cultural policy for establishing cultural identity is to enhance the diplomatic status of the country through Hanbok culture. This could increase the external diplomatic power by establishing cultural identity based on the pride of the originality of Hanbok culture in international cultural exchanges. In particular, cultural exchange activities such as securing Hanbok exhibition halls in the overseas museums or highlighting Hanbok at the international events and conferences are policy measures that can inform the world about the excellence of our culture through Hanbok, which can inspire national pride. In order to achieve such international recognition and globalization of Hanbok, it is necessary to implement policies such as providing overseas Hanbok education programs to accurately inform people about the long history and knowledge of Hanbok culture, which can firmly establish a positive identity for Korean culture. Third, from the cultural perspective of enhancing the national image, the Hanbok cultural policy for establishing cultural identity is to strengthen the cultural competence of the people based on the recognition of the uniqueness of Hanbok culture. To this end, the policy supports systematic research on traditional Hanbok culture, fosters specialists, and strives to popularize the value of understanding Hanbok. This is a policy that spreads the popularization of Hanbok culture and induces a shift in perception of traditional Hanbok, which can be called a policy for modernizing Hanbok culture by creating an identity through new Hanbok values that fit the modern trend. Accordingly, suggestions for the future development of Hanbok cultural policy and value enhancement are, first, to enact and implement cultural policy legislation related to Hanbok. Second, promote the establishment of an organization dedicated to the implementation of Hanbok cultural policy to oversee Hanbok cultural policy. Third, strengthen institutional support for the training and education of Hanbok professionals to solidify the foundation for the promotion of Hanbok. Fourth, strengthen the linkages with various cultural activities as cultural exchanges to popularize and globalize Hanbok culture. The academic significance of this study is that it examined the connection between Hanbok cultural policy and the establishment of cultural identity in response to national image enhancement and the changing times and sought to promote the direction and value of Hanbok cultural policy by reflecting the cultural trend of placing cultural identity at the core of policy. We propose this study centered on cultural identity and Hanbok cultural policy as a basis for related research and look forward to a further research. 본 논문은 국가이미지 제고 관점에서 문화정체성 확립에 따른 국가경쟁력 강화를 위한 한복 문화정책 연구에 관한 것이다. 글로벌 시대에 국가이미지는 국제적인 영향력과 위상을 결정하고, 국가 간의 협력과 경쟁에 영향을 미치고 있다. 이러한 국가이미지 제고를 위해서는 국가의 문화적 전통성과 정체성의 확립이 무엇보다 중요하다. 특히 문화정체성을 확립할 수 있는 전통문화로서 한복은 한국의 역사와 문화적 가치를 담고 있는 고유의 문화적 자산이며, 한민족의 정체성과 자부심을 상징할 수 있다. 그리고 한복 문화를 정책적으로 보존하고 활성화하면, 시류에 따른 문화정체성 정립의 방향성을 확고히 정립시킬 수 있으며, 이것은 세계적인 경쟁력 강화로 나타나 국가이미지를 제고할 수도 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국가이미지 제고 관점에서 문화정체성 확립을 위한 한복 문화정책을 알아보고 그 특성을 도출하여, 한복 문화정책이 미치는 영향을 논의하는데 학술적 의의가 있다. 연구의 목적은, 첫째, 국가이미지의 개념과 형성요인을 살펴보고, 국가이미지 제고를 위한 경제, 외교, 문화적 관점의 이론을 정립하여 한국 국가이미지 제고의 방향성을 이해한다. 둘째, 문화정체성과 문화정책에 대한 개념을 연구 관점에서 재정의하고 이론적 틀을 정립하여, 그 상관관계의 근거를 마련한다. 셋째, 문화정체성 유형에 따른 한복 문화정책 사례를 고찰하여, 문화정체성 확립을 위한 한복 문화정책의 특성을 도출한다. 넷째, 국가이미지 제고 관점에서 문화정체성 확립을 위한 한복 문화정책 특성을 바탕으로 미래 방향성을 이해하고 가치를 제고한다. 국가이미지 제고의 관점에서 문화정체성 확립을 위한 한복 문화정책을 경제적, 외교적, 문화적으로 그 결과를 도출하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 국가이미지 제고의 경제적 관점에서 문화정체성 확립을 위한 한복 문화정책은 국가의 경제 경쟁력을 강화하는 것으로, 한복을 통해 긍정적인 국가이미지를 높이는 데 기여하는 것이다. 이에 따른 문화정체성 확립을 위한 한복 문화정책은 대중이 주체가 되는 창조적 문화 환경을 조성하고, 한복 문화상품 콘텐츠 개발과 해외시장 진출 확대의 정책적 지원을 통한 한복 문화산업의 활성화를 이루고 있다. 이러한 국가이미지 제고의 경제적 관점에서 문화정체성 확립을 위한 한복 문화정책은 그동안 한국을 대표하는 전통문화로서 한복이 대중의 주체로 경제적 이익을 창출하게 하여 경쟁력을 갖추는 데 기여하고 있다. 둘째, 국가이미지 제고의 외교적 관점에서 문화정체성 확립을 위한 한복 문화정책은 국가의 외교적 위상을 한복 문화를 통해서 제고하는 것이다. 이는 국제적인 문화교류에서 한복 문화의 독창성에 따른 자긍심을 바탕으로 문화적 정체성을 확립하게 하여, 대외적인 외교력을 높이게 할 수 있었다. 특히 국외 박물관 내에 한복 전시실을 확보하거나 국제적인 행사와 회의에서 한복을 부각시키는 문화교류 활동은 한복을 통해 세계에 우리 문화의 우수성을 알릴 수 있는 정책 방안으로 국가에 대한 자부심을 고취시킬 수 있다. 그리고 이러한 국제적인 인정과 한복의 세계화를 위해서는 한복 문화의 유구한 역사와 지식을 정확히 알리기 위한 해외 한복 교육프로그램을 제공하는 등의 정책 시행이 필요하며, 이는 한국 문화에 대한 긍정적 정체성을 확고하게 정립할 수 있게 하였다. 셋째, 국가이미지 제고의 문화적 관점에서 문화정체성 확립을 위한 한복 문화정책은 한복 문화에 대한 특수성 인식을 바탕으로 국민의 문화적 역량을 강화하는 것이다. 이를 위해서는 전통한복 문화에 관한 체계적인 연구 지원정책을 바탕으로 전문인력을 양성하여 한복의 이해 가치를 높이는 대중화에 힘쓰는 것이다. 이것은 한복 문화의 대중화를 확산하고, 전통한복에 대한 인식의 전환을 유도하는 정책으로 현대 시류에 맞는 새로운 한복의 가치를 통한 정체성을 만드는 한복 문화 현대화정책이라 할 수 있다. 이에 따른 한복 문화정책의 미래 발전적인 방향성과 가치 제고에 대한 제안은, 첫째, 한복 관련 문화정책 법안을 제정하고 실행해야 한다. 둘째, 한복 문화정책을 주관하는 한복 문화 정책수행 전담 기관 설립을 증진한다. 셋째, 한복 진흥 기반을 견고히 하기 위해 한복 전문인력 육성과 교육을 위한 제도적 지원을 강화한다. 넷째, 한복 문화의 대중화와 글로벌화를 위해 문화적 교류로서 다양한 문화 활동과의 연계성을 강화한다. 본 연구의 학술적 의의는 한복 문화정책이 국가이미지 제고와 시대적 변화에 부응하는 문화정체성 확립과의 연관성을 살펴보는 데 있으며, 문화정체성을 정책의 핵심으로 두는 문화 시류를 반영하여 한복 문화정책의 방향성과 가치를 증진하고자 했다는 데 있다. 그리고 문화정체성과 한복 문화정책을 중심으로 한 본 연구를 관련 연구에 기초 자료로 제안하며, 후속 연구에서의 발전적 연구를 기대한다.

2002년 월드컵축구대회를 통한 국가 문화이미지 제고 방안에 관한 연구 : 문화이벤트 및 프로그램 개발전략을 중심으로

이장협 연세대학교 언론홍보대학원 2002 국내석사

세계 최대의 스포츠 제전인 올림픽과 월드컵축구대회의 문화적 중요성에 대해서는 새삼 재론의 여지가 없다. 이 양대 지구상의 축제는 단기간에 개최국의 이미지를 전 세계에 알리고, 대회 개최에 따른 여러 가지 부수적 효과 때문에 오늘날 모든 국가가 그 개최지 유치에 국가적 차원에서 관심을 갖고 총력을 경주하고 있는 실정이다. 이런 관점에서 볼 때, 2002년 월드컵축구대회를 개최하게 되는 한국은 국가 이미지를 개선하고 수십억 세계인들에게 한국문화를 알릴 수 있는 절호의 기회를 맞게 된 것이다. 또한, 월드컵축구대회 개최도시는 지역의 세계화·개방화의 일대 전기를 맞게 됨은 물론, 월드컵 문화이벤트 준비를 계기로 해서 지역의 정체성 정립과 지역문화 발전의 의의를 함께 살릴 수 있는 기회를 맞고 있다. 그러나 여러 도시에서 분산 개최되는 월드컵축구대회의 특성상 각종 문화 이벤트의 산만한 운영이 우려되지 않을 수 없다. 따라서 정부, 조직위원회, 개최도시 등 3대 추진주체간에 원활하고 유기적인 대회 준비업무 협의체제를 갖추는 것이 대회 성공 개최의 관건이며, 각 추진주체가 준비하고 있는 문화이벤트 및 프로그램 개발에 관하여는 국가 문화이미지 제고를 위한 전략적 접근방법이 요구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 2002년 월드컵축구대회를 국가 이미지 제고를 위한 절호의 기회로 인식하고, 변화하는 국제사회 속에서 국가경쟁력 확보를 위한 토대의 하나가 이번 월드컵축구대회를 통한 국가 문화이미지 구축과 이의 제고 작업에 있음을 논의하고, 그 구체적 실천방안으로서 2002년 월드컵축구대회를 계기로 준비하고 있는 각종 문화이벤트 및 프로그램 개발전략에 관한 방안을 제시하였다. 제시된 방안은 1998년 프랑스월드컵축구대회를 중심으로 역대 월드컵축구대회의 문화이벤트 준비전략과 개최내용을 비교 분석해 보고 그 결과 나타난 시사점을 토대로 도출된 것으로서, 정부·조직위원회·개최도시 등 3대 추진주체별로 고려해야 할 2002년 월드컵축구대회의 문화이벤트 및 프로그램 개발에 관한 기본전략과 세부 추진전략에 관한 것이다. 이러한 전략방안들은 궁극적으로 국가 문화이미지 제고를 위한 정책 대안으로서, 국가 문화이미지는 총체적인 국가 이미지의 구성요소인 문화적 정체성을 반영한 문화이벤트를 통해 제고될 수 있음을 살펴보았다. 올림픽이나 월드컵축구대회와 같은 국제적인 스포츠대회에는 대규모의 인적 교류와 전 세계의 미디어의 관심이 일시에 집중되고 있는 바, 개최국이나 개최도시는 국가 이미지 또는 도시 이미지 부각을 위한 홍보전략으로 다양한 문화이벤트 및 프로그램을 기획하는 것이 일반적인 현상으로 정착되어 있다. 따라서 국가 및 개최도시가 주최하는 공공이벤트로서의 문화이벤트는 현장을 매개체로 한 문화적 속성이 강한 다이나믹한 매체(dynamic media)이며, 쌍방향성 퍼스널 커뮤니케이션 매체(two-way personal communication media)란 특성을 가진 형태로서 기존의 일방적 커뮤니케이션보다 이벤트의 주체인 국가나 개최도시의 이미지 제고에 효과적인 커뮤니케이션 수단으로 자리잡고 있다. 한편, 2002년 월드컵축구대회의 미디어 가치는 첫째, 인적 교류측면에서 한국에서 열리는 32개 본선경기를 관람하러 방문할 외국인수는 약 32만 명이고 예년의 5∼6월중 외래관광객 입국자수를 감안한다면 실질 방문인원은 최소 50만 명에서 최대 70만 명으로 예상되고 있으며, 둘째, 전 세계 TV시청인구는 연 420억 명 이상으로 추정되고 있고, 셋째, 월드컵축구대회 기간에 취재목적으로 방문하는 미디어 관계자수는 1만여 명에 이를 것이며, 넷째, 올림픽은 모두 16일간 1개 개최도시를 중심으로 경기가 치러지지만 월드컵축구대회 경기는 31일간 10개 개최도시를 왕래하면서 펼쳐지게 되므로 경기내용 자체만이 아니라 그 지역의 자연과 문화 그리고 사람들이 경쟁적인 취재대상이 되고 미디어들의 집중적인 소개대상이 된다는 데 있다. 또한, 월드컵축구대회 경기 관람자와 방문자들에 의한 구전(口傳)효과, 매스미디어를 통한 파급효과 등 직·간접적인 효과는 개최국의 문화이미지 확산에 큰 기여를 한다는 데 있다. 위와 같은 월드컵축구대회의 미디어 가치는 어떻게 활용하는가에 따라서 국가 문화이미지 제고에 긍정적으로 작용할 수도 있고 부정적으로 작용할 수도 있다. 따라서 2002년 월드컵축구대회를 준비하고 있는 정부, 조직위원회, 개최도시 등 3대 추진주체가 총체적인 국가 이미지 제고와 개최도시의 이미지 홍보를 위해서 고려해야 할 기본전략은 2002년 월드컵 축구대회의 미디어 가치와 그 파급효과를 염두에 두고 국가 이미지 형성 통로에 상응하는 구체적 실천 방안을 마련하는 데 있다고 하겠다. Needless to say, the world's largest sports festivals such as the Olympics and the FIFA World Cup are important in terms of their cultural effects. Since these two sports events may provide for great opportunities to publicize the host nation's image world-wide in a short period of time and enjoy various side effects, every nation is very eager to host these sports events. Thus, Korea who will co-host the 2002 FIFA World Cup Korea/Japan will be given a valuable chance to improve her national image and to publicize the Korean culture to billions of people throughout the world. Meanwhile, the ten cities hosting the FIFA World Cup games will have a drastic opportunity for int ernationalization themselves and opening their doors to the world as well as est ablishing their identities and developing their regional culture. Nevertheless, since the 2002 FIFA World Cup games are distributed to ten host cities in Korea, we cannot but fear that their cultural events will not be fruitful. Therefore, the government, the organizing committee and ten host cities are requested to cooperate each other in order to organize the cultural events and programs in a smooth and effective way, if they want to realize a successful int ernational sports festival. In the same vein, a strategic approach to develop the cultural eventsand programs needs to be adopted to improve national cultural image. With such basic conceptions in mind and as suming that the 2002 FIFA World Cup Korea/Japan will be a great opportunity to improve our national image, this study is aimed to discuss the ways to construct our national cultural image and sharpen our national competitive edge among ever-changing global community, and specifically, suggest the ways to develop various cultural events and programs in preparation for the 2002 FIFA World Cup Korea/Japan. To this end, the cultural event strategies of the preceding FIFA World Cup games centering around the former France World Cup in 1998 were comparatively reviewed to get in sight into the cultural promotion events and programs for the 2002 FIFA World Cup Korea/Japan. Then, some basic strategies for developing the cultural events and programs through the opportunity of the 2002 FIFA World Cup Korea/Japan were suggested as per the government, the organizing committee and ten host cities. Such strategies were designed to improve our national cultural image ultimately, which can be enhanced by the cultural events reflecting the cultural identity of our nation. Such international sports festivals as the Olympics or the FIFA World Cup serve to promote a large scale of human exchanges and draw the attention from world-wide media. In this regard, the host nation or cities need to take advantages of such festivals to organize diverse cultural events and thereby, improve the image of the nation or cities. The public or cultural events programmed by the host nation or cities must be dynamic media featuring a strong and vivid cultural attribute aswell as two-way communication. Hence, the cultural events are regarded as more effective communication means of improving the host nation or cities than the conventional one-way communication means. All in all, the media-wise values of the 2002 FIFA World Cup Korea/Japan can be summarized as follows; First, about 320 thousands people are expected to visit Korea to see 32 final matches, and thus, this number will be combined with the regular tourists during the same season to amount to minimum 500 thousands and maximum 700s thousand tourists. Second, the men/day of the TV audience will reach more than 42 billions. Third, the media people visiting Korea to cover the international sports festival will amount to some ten thousands. Fourth, while Olympic games are held in a singly city for 16 days, the FIFA World Cup final matches will be held in 10 host cities for 31 days. Therefore, media people will compete to not only cover the matches but also introduce the nature and culture of host cities to their audience. In addition, such effects of the FIFA World Cup as effects of words of mouth by the audience and visitors and the spreading effects by mass-media will contribute greatly to enhance the host nation's or cities' cultural image. The above media-values of the 2002 FIFA World Cup would bring positive or negative effects on national cultural image depending on how they are made use of. Accordingly, the big three actors-the government, the organizing committee and ten host cities-those who are preparing themselves for the 2002 FIFA World Cup Korea/Japan are requested to design a total national image and the host cities' image promotion strategy in consideration of its media values and their spreading effects, and thereby, plan specific action programs thereof.

Influence of Cultural Festivals on Korea's National Image by Foreign Workers in Korea : Filipino immigrant workers' community

유지선 숙명여자대학교 국제관계대학원 2007 국내석사

The main purposes of this study are looking for Korea's national image by foreign workers and the impact of the cultural festivals on Korea's national image by foreign workers in Korea. This study surveyed on March 18, 2007 for Filipino workers who gathered at a catholic church located in Hyehwa-Dong. For the purposes of this study, there are 3 research questions; First, what is Korea's national image by foreign workers in Korea? Second, what is the impact of component image (Politics, Economy, Society, Culture, and Korean) to General image of Korea? Third, how much the cultural festivals for foreigners in Korea have influence on the formation of national image? The results of these research questions are as follow; First, foreign workers in Korea have an affirmative view about Political image, Economic image, Social image, Culture image, Korean image, and General image about Korea. But Filipino workers are not familiar with Korean culture and they feel the Korean's attitude toward foreigners is a little impolite. It is concluded that foreign workers in Korea have positive national image about Korea. Social and Korean image have influence on General image of Korea. Between social and Korean image, Korean image has more influence on the formation of Korea's national image by foreign workers in Korea than Social image. Second, the number of Korean friends has influence on the formation of Korean culture image and the length of dwelling has influence on the formation of Culture and Korean image. Third, it is concluded that 'the participate frequency of the cultural festivals for foreigners in Korea' has not influence on the formation of component image (Politics, Economy, Society, Culture, and Korean) for Korea's national image. While the number of Korean friends has influence on the formation of Korean culture image and the length of dwelling has influence on the formation of culture and Korean image. The importance of cultural festival is a role to make an harmony each other with understanding. It is a good factor to remove the prejudice of Korean about foreign workers and furthermore it can make good national image about Korea. But the current cultural festivals are just an event. So results of this survey (the length of dwelling has an impact on social and Korean image and the number of Korean friends have a great impact on culture image) are very significance. From an event planning, it should be considered not to be an even for only foreign workers and just showing the different culture to Korean. It must strengthen a public information to attract Korean interesting about cultural festivals with foreign workers. The program should offer immigrant workers in Korea to associate a Korean friend and to make a network with each other. 본 연구는 필리핀 이주 노동자 공동체를 대상으로 이주 노동자를 위한 문화행사가 한국 내 이주 노동자가 갖는 한국의 국가 이미지에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보고 정책적 함의를 연구함에 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 다음과 같이 3개의 연구문제를 설정하였다. 첫째, 한국 내 이주 노동자들이 갖고 있는 한국의 국가 이미지는 어떠한가? 둘째, 각 구성요소별 (정치, 경제, 사회, 문화, 한국인) 이미지는 한국에 대한 일반적 이미지 형성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가? 셋째, 외국인을 위한 문화행사가 국가 이미지 형성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가? 위의 연구문제를 통한 설문의 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫 번째 연구문제의 분석으로, 한국의 이미지를 여러 측면에서 살펴보기 위해 먼저 한국의 구성요소별 이미지인 정치이미지, 경제이미지, 사회이미지, 문화이미지, 한국인 이미지 그리고 한국에 대한 일반적으로 가지고 있는 이미지를 분석했다. 한국 내 필리핀 이주 노동자들의 구성 요소별 국가 이미지 (정치, 경제, 사회, 문화, 한국인 이미지) 및 한국에 대한 일반적 이미지에 대한 분석결과를 통해 전반적으로 긍정적인 이미지를 가지고 있다 평가되었다. 그러나 한국인의 외국인을 대하는 태도가 친절하지 않다고 응답한 결과는 한국인이 이주 노동자를 대하는 태도가 친절하지 않고 배타적임을 나타내는 부분임에 틀림없다. 두 번째 연구문제의 분석으로, 각 구성요소별 이미지가 한국의 일반적 이미지 형성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 분석했다. 그 결과 한국 내 이주 노동자들이 한국에 대한 국가 이미지 형성에 사회이미지와 한국인 이미지가 크게 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었으며 그 중 한국인 이미지가 더 높은 영향력을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 세 번째 연구문제의 분석으로, 외국인을 위한 문화행사 참석 여부 및 빈도수를 조사하여 각 구성 요소별 (정치, 경제, 사회, 문화, 한국인) 이미지 형성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보고, 독립변수 (한국 내 체류기간, 한국인 친구 수, 한국인 배우자, 한국어 구사능력)의 구성 요소별 이미지 형성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 그 결과 문화 이미지 형성에 체류기간과 한국인 친구수가 영향을 미치고, 한국인 이미지 형성에 체류기간이 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 위의 연구 문제들을 통한 결과를 종합해 보면 한국의 일반적 국가 이미지 형성에 사회적 이미지 요인과 한국인 이미지 요인이 주요한 영향을 미치고, 한국인 이미지에 체류기간이 큰 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한 문화 이미지 형성에는 체류기간과 한국인 친구수가 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있다. 반면 문화행사는 모든 구성 요인에 아무런 영향을 미치고 있지 않음을 알 수 있다. 이를 통해 문화행사가 문화커뮤니케이션의 역할을 제대로 하고 있지 못하고 있다 평가 할 수 있다. 문화행사의 중요성이 한국인의 배타적인 편견을 없애고 서로의 문화를 이해하고 함께 어우러지는 사회 구현을 위한 역할이라는 점과 이를 통한 좋은 국가 이미지 형성이라는 점에서 그 역할이 제대로 이루어 지지 못하고 단순한 행사에 그치고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이에 한국인 친구 수가 한국의 문화 이미지 형성에 영향을 미치고 체류기간이 문화 이미지 형성과 한국인 이미지 형성에 영향을 미치고 있음을 나타내는 결과는 그 의미가 크다. 문화행사의 기획에서 문화행사가 단순히 다른 나라의 문화를 알리고 또는 이주 노동자 그들만을 위한 잔치로 끝나지 않도록 하기 위해서는 행사의 기획이나 준비에 있어 한국인들이 좀 더 많은 관심을 갖도록 홍보를 강화하고 이주 노동자들이 한국인 친구를 사귀고 서로 네트워크를 형성하도록 기획하는 것이 필요하다고 제언한다.

한류가 베트남의 한국식품 소비자의 구매의도에 미치는 영향

Duong, Minh Hoang 전북대학교 일반대학원 2018 국내석사

While globalization has spread in the 21st century, companies in several countries have been more competitive in the rapidly changing environment. It is true that there are multiple threats and barriers to enter the world markets. Products of certain countries which are very popular for consumers in the competition can be influenced by Korea’s national image, Korean companies’ image, and Korean products’ image in the process whereby consumers select their purchase. In the 1990s, the Korean wave appeared as pop culture, including Korean soap operas, movies, and songs which has spread in China, Japan, and Southeast Asia. As the Korean wave which began from pop culture has recently spread all over the world, it has become increasingly popular. And the Korean wave has developed an effect on the Korea’s national image and Korean companies’ image, along with Korean products’ image. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of the Korean wave on the attitude toward products and how they are connected to purchase intention, empirically targeting Vietnamese Korean food consumers. In this study, statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22 and AMOS 22. The materials were collected from 330 Vietnamese Korean food consumers for the empirical analysis. Hypotheses were tested through the structural equation method. The results of the empirical study are summarized as follow: First, the measure which tested the relationship between the Korean wave and Korea’s national image shows that the Korean wave has positive effect on Korea’s national image. Second, the measure which tested the relationship between the Korean wave and the Korean companies’ image indicates that the Korean wave has a positive effect on the Korean companies’ image. Third, the measure which tested the relationship between the Korean wave and the attitude toward Korean products demonstrates that the Korean wave has a positive effect on the attitude toward Korean products. Fourth, the measure which tested the relationship between Korea’s national image and attitude toward products indicates that the Korea’s national image has positive effect on the attitude toward Korean products. Fifth, the measure which tested the relationship between the Korea’s national image and Korean companies’ image shows that Korea’s national image has the positive effect on Korean companies’ image. Sixth, the measure which tested the relationship between Korean companies’ image and products toward Korean products demonstrates that Korean companies’ image has the positive effect on the attitude toward Korean products. Finally, the significant result was drawn from the test which analyzed the relationship between the attitude toward Korean products and purchase intention. The theoretical implications of this study are as follow: First, there are many existing studies on the Korean wave, but most of them were carried out focusing on the home appliances products, cosmetic products, car. These were studies which explained the Korean wave or analyzed visit to Korea and cultural preferences. Therefore, this study is meaningful in that it carried out an empirical study about Korean food in Viet Nam market. Second, this study has differential meaning in that it included the Korean wave, Korea’s national image, Korean companies’ image and attitude, and purchase intention. The managerial implications of this research are as follow: First, the Korean wave has been found to have positive effect on Korea’s national image. Therefore, Korea should provide higher quality Korean wave products for Viet Nam and more attention to increase the Korean wave’s influence by spreading it in various ways to build Korea’s good national image. Second, the Korean wave has been found to have an effect on Korean foods companies’ image, which means that the effects of the Korean wave should be retained and Korean foods companies need to employ popular entertainers as advertisement models and sponsor various programs, shows, soap operas, and movies in which they appear actively. Third, the Korean wave had effect on the attitude toward Korean products, therefore, the Korean foods companies need to perform marketing strategies to make stars related to the Korean wave change consumers’ attitude by utilizing them. Fourth, the measure which tested the relationship between Korea’s national image and attitude toward products indicates that the Korea’s national image has positive effect on the attitude toward Korean products. Fifth, inclusion of various classes is expected to be helpful in generalizing the research results, as the survey was conducted with 330 persons aged in their 10s through 50s. This study has the following limitations. First, the survey within this study did not include other geographic areas as it was conducted with consumers who live in Ha Noi , the capital of Viet Nam. Second, this study analyzed the Korean food products in general, not dividing them into brands or companies. This includes some limitations. However, in spite of these limitations, this study is meaningful in that the empirical study was done while there are insufficient studies on the Korean wave and Korean food in Viet Nam. If future studies were conducted more systematically and specifically by supplementing these disadvantages, those would be judged to be the high quality studies. This study is expected to be helpful for establishing the plans and measures which can promote Korea’s national image and Korean companies’ image

한국문화가 의료관광 재구매의도에 미치는 경로과정에 관한 연구 : -국가이미지, 브랜드이미지, 그리고 만족도의 경로과정을 중심으로-

이정 목원대학교 대학원 2023 국내박사

Abstract A Study on the Path Process of Korean Wave Culture’s Influence on Medical Tourism Repurchasing Intention —Focused on the Intermediate Path of National Image, Brand Images and Satisfaction— Li Jing The Graduate School of Mokwon University Department of Trade As it is now a knowledge based society, cultural sector has become increasingly high-profile and significant in Korea. As an important component of Korean cultural sector, the Korean Wave greatly contributes to accelerating the spread and exaggerating the influence of the Korean culture across the world, which also helps to boost tourism in Korea. Medical tourism, as another typical sector, also attracts specific tourist groups with relatively high consumption and expenditure to travel towards Korea. Korean medical tourism industry has always been internationally competitive and is one of the important factors driving Korean economy grow. However, since the COVID-19 spread and grew in 2020, it strongly struck the tourism worldwide and Korean economy, the export-oriented economy, was also seriously affected. With the normalization of the epidemic prevention policies of various countries in recent years, the world economic situation and the tourism service industry have been repaired to some extent. In order to better develop their economies in the post-epidemic era, many countries have successively implemented some policy measures to stimulate the recovery of local tourism. Therefore, national "soft power" such as the national image, cultural charm, and the brand images are more important than ever. At present, many countries including Korea have paid great attention to the management of the national image and the brand images. Based on the above background factors, the research objectives are arranged as follows: this study firstly explores the elements of the Korean Wave culture, the national image, and medical tourism the brand images. Secondly, it sees how the Korean wave culture affects the national image and the brand images of medical tourism. Thirdly, it verifies how the national image affects the brand images of medical tourism. Next, it shows how the brand images of medical tourism affects satisfaction. Finally, it tests how satisfaction affects consumers’ intention of repurchasing and put forward strategic inspirations and suggestions based on the results. In order to achieve the research objectives, the author uses a goal-oriented model to study the impact of the Korean Wave culture on the national image and the brand images, which in turn affects satisfaction and consumers’ intention of repurchasing medical tourism services. The research results are as follows: First of all, though the current researches on medical tourism in Korea is sufficient, after the COVID-19, the whole economy in the world has shown a downward trend, and consumers' consumption structure and consumption habits have been tremendously changed in the past two years. It is unclear whether the influencing factors will continue to play a role. The research conclusions of this paper further confirm that the changes in consumption structure and consumption habits during the epidemic have not greatly changed the variables affecting medical tourism, and have a great impact on the academic significance, and provide a reference value for future researches. Secondly, through the researches on the influence of the Korean Wave culture on the national image and the brand images of medical tourism, it is concluded that because most Korean films, dramas and Korean programs are shot in real scenes, they can directly reflect the real social life in Korea. Watching Korean dramas and programs can transport you to the real social life in Korea. Medical tourism consumers usually pay more attention to the endorsement effect of celebrities, and are very concerned about the sharing of celebrities' medical cosmetics and travel experience, and will try out and purchase products related to their endorsement brands and experiences. Thirdly, through the research on the influence of the national image on the brand images of medical tourism, it is concluded that economic and cultural images influence the product images of medical tourism, and consumers pay more attention to the factors of economic and cultural images. The quality of a country's economic and cultural image can reflect the national brand and the scientific and technological content and quality of the country's other products. A country's economic and cultural image also creates a halo effect on consumers that affects their beliefs about the country's companies, brands and products. Fourthly, through the researches on the influence of the brand images of medical tourism on satisfaction, it is concluded that the product images in medical tourism definitely impresses medical tourism consumers. To improve consumers’ satisfaction, good service quality and product quality should be provided. Consumers are provided with high-quality and personalized services. A good product image can make consumers feel at ease and satisfied, and then achieve the expected marketing goals of the company and the sector and achieve the business goal of obtaining huge profits. It is not only through celebrity endorsements and other publicity methods to increase investment in products without improvement to attract consumers. Through empirical analysis, this paper puts forward some enlightenment for promoting the development of Korean medical tourism industry, especially in order to increase the repurchase rate of foreigners' medical tourism products in Korea. This paper not only emphasizes the importance of the national image, but also highlights the importance of the brand images of medical tourism, trying to differentiate it from other existing papers.

Research on the Relationship between Comic Strip Audience and National Image Shaping from the Historical Perspective

왕보청 동아대학교 국제전문대학원 2024 국내박사

Research on the Relationship between Comic Strip Audience and National Image Shaping from the Historical Perspective Wang, Baoqing Dept. of International Studies, Graduate School of International Studies, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea This thesis discusses the historical replacement of the social nature of comic strip audiences from 1949 to 1980 under the dominance of national ideology, and how the art evolved from a "vulgar" traditional perspective to a pursuit of "popularized" art serving society. It explores how comic strips established a "special relationship" with national image building through political narratives. This research is significant for contemporary painting art and national image shaping. Comic strips, as visual images, have been closely related to the social, political, economic, and cultural development of China in different historical periods. This paper focuses on the audience of comic strips and the impact on national image under a historical perspective. It is divided into several chapters: First, the introduction explains the research background and purpose, analyzing the development of comic strips over time and their relationship with the national image. Second, a review of extensive literature clarifies the research content and perspectives on comic strips at different stages, proposing new viewpoints and questions. Third, it analyzes how comic strips as visual images construct national cognition, influence national identity, and form a unique national image of China. Fourth, the paper examines the themes, character portrayal, and relevant systems in comic strips across different periods, understanding how the discourse of national ideology influenced the creators' thoughts and creativity, impacting the public's perception of nationalism, and serving politics to foster identification with the socialist revolution and construction. Fifth, the conclusion discusses the findings, limitations, and constraints of this research. From these discussions, several conclusions are drawn: First, examining Chinese comic strips as a unique form of artistic text, exploring their unique relationship with national image shaping and historical facts without bias, and analyzing them artistically is profoundly significant. Second, understanding and evaluating the audience's role in shaping the national image is a fundamental issue in studying popular art. Linking comic strips with imagology to explore their impact on national cognition, identity, and consciousness, along with incorporating sociology, history, political science, and other disciplines, is crucial for defining the nature, form, and value of modern Chinese art. Third, in specific historical contexts, exploring the role of comic strips in shaping national and ethnic images, their own transformations, controversies, and linguistic adaptations highlights the importance of comic strip audiences in shaping ethnic images. Keywords: Popularization, Historical Perspective, Visual Image, Comic Strip Audience, National Image Shaping. 1949년부터 1980년까지의 기간 동안, 연환화의 관객층은 국가 이데올로기의 지배를 받으며, 사회적 성격이 역사적으로 어떻게 변화되었는지, 그리고 "저속한" 전통 예술에서 사회를 위한 "대중화된" 예술 추구로 어떻게 변모하였는지에 대한 논의가 필요하다. 연환화는 정치적 서술을 통해 국가 이미지 형성과의 "특별한 관계"를 어떻게 구축했는가? 이것은 본 논문에서 다루고자 하는 주요 질문이다. 동시에, 이 연구 주제는 현대 미술의 발전과 국가 이미지 형성에 중요한 실질적 의미를 갖는다. 연희화라는 시각적 이미지는 역사의 다양한 단계에서 중국의 사회 정치, 경제, 문화의 세 가지 측면과 밀접하게 연관되어 발전해왔다. 본 논문은 "역사적 시야 아래 연희화 관객과 국가 이미지의 영향 변화 연구"를 대상으로 하여, 다음과 같은 몇 가지 장으로 나누어 논의한다. 첫째, 서론에서는 연구 배경과 목적을 설명하고, 연희화의 각 시기별 발전과 연희화 관객과 국가 이미지의 관계를 분석한다. 둘째, 대량의 문헌 자료를 통해 각 시기별 학자들이 연희화에 대해 연구한 내용과 연구 방법을 정리하고, 자신의 연구 관점과 질문을 제시한다. 셋째, 연희화가 시각 이미지로서 국민의 인식을 구축하고 국가 정체성에 영향을 미치며, 중국만의 독특한 국가 이미지를 형성하는 방법을 분석한다. 넷째, 각 시기별 연환화의 창작 주제, 인물 창조, 관련 제도의 추진을 연구하고, 이 시기에 민족 이데올로기의 담론 권력이 어떻게 연희화 창작자의 사고와 창작 이념을 통일시키고, 연환화 작품의 창작을 통해 대중의 국가 인식에 영향을 미쳐 정치에 봉사하고 사회주의 혁명 및 건설에 대한 대중의 동일시를 촉진하는지를 분석한다. 다섯째, 본 연구에서 도출된 결론과 부족한 점, 관련 제한성을 논의한다. 위의 장들을 통해 다음과 같은 결론을 도출할 수 있다. 첫째, 중국 연환화를 하나의 예술 텍스트로서 특유의 형태로 보고, 어떠한 편견도 없이 더 합리적이고 객관적인 태도로 국가 이미지 형성과의 독특한 관계 및 역사적 사실을 탐구하고 예술적으로 분석하는 것은, 역사와 현실의 전환 과정에서 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 의미가 깊다. 둘째, 연환화 관객이 국가 이미지 형성에 미치는 영향을 어떻게 볼 것인가는 대중 미술 연구에서 직면하고 반드시 해결해야 할 근본적인 문제이다. 연환화를 이미지학과 연결시켜 국가 인식, 국가 정체성, 국가 의식의 형성을 검토하고, 사회학, 역사학, 정치학 등 다른 학문과 결합하여 연환화 관객이 국가 이미지 변화에 미치는 영향을 연구하는 것은 중국 현대 미술의 성격, 형태, 가치가 명확히 판단되고 해석되어야 하는 절박한 필요이며, 이는 이론과 실천, 역사와 현실의 요구이다. 셋째, 구체적인 역사적 배경 하에 연환화 예술과 민족 이미지 형성의 개념, 정치 선전과 예술 창조의 특별한 관계를 연구하고, 연환화가 국가 및 민족 이미지 형성에서의 역할을 탐구하며, 그 자체의 변화, 논쟁, 언어 형식의 적응 등의 문제를 검토하는 것은 연환화 관객이 민족 이미지 형성에서 중요한 역할을 함을 잘 보여준다.

번역에서 구현되는 국가이미지 : 추리소설 영한 번역을 중심으로

김현정 韓國外國語大學校 大學院 2019 국내석사

This study is an interdisciplinary study of translation studies and imagology. Imagology or Image studies is a study of national and ethnic stereotypes presented in text or other mediums. In recent years imagology have been increasingly used in the field of Translation studies. However, in Korea, imagology has not yet got its attention. Based on this background, this study aims to examine national images in translations of famous detective fiction; Sherlock Holmes. It is motivated by two research questions: (i) How the national images have been translated into Korean, (ii) Whether the difference in the target readership affects those translation strategies. In order to examine the national images in translation, this study analyzed the Sherlock Holmes and its translations. Arthur Conan Doyle provides a conservative perspective to preserve the order of society through the story of Sherlock Holmes. Furthermore, the story reflects the anxiety of the Victorian British arises from the influx of colonists to their country. Therefore, readers of Sherlock Holmes can identify the author’s ideology from those characteristics, For the study, Sherlock Holmes and its Korean translations from five different publishers were chosen as data for this study. Specifically, three translations(TT1, TT2, TT3) aimed at adults, and the other two(TT4, TT5) at children to investigate the translation strategies of national images. To compare and analyze the aspects of national image translation quantitatively and qualitatively, this paper present strategies; (1) reflection of image, (2) modification of image, and (3) elimination of image. The 325 case analysis results show that the tendency to reflect the image of the original text was most dominant in all five translations. Whereas in the two translations of children, the modification and elimination of image were more prominent than the other three translations. Particularly the elimination strategy was remarkable. In the case of elimination, the expression was changed into the individual characteristics or deleted the sentence entirely. Overall, the findings suggested that the genre of detective fiction, which contains and reveals the author’s ideology, is a suitable genre for translation research. Furthermore, this study brought attention to imagology, the new applicable discipline of translation studies, To supplement the limitation of this study, future research is necessary to expand the scope and try other research methodologies to observe the readers‘ reponses of translated national images, and investigate intentions of the professionals from publishing industry through in-depth interviews.