UHD 4K end to end broadcast solution over DVB-T2 SFN network using HEVC real time encoding

Dimitrakopulos, Nik The Korean Institute of Broadcast and Media Engine 2014 방송과 미디어 Vol.19 No.2

With major sports events such as FIFA World Cup and The Olympic Games coming up, UHDTV technology has been given a major push by broadcasters, test and measurement (T&M), and consumer electronics (TV and set-top box) manufacturers. The increase in picture resolution ($3840{\times}2160$) for 4K and ($7680{\times}4320$) for 8K compared to current HDTV ($1920{\times}1080$), as well as the need to deliver these services in higher frame rates (50/60 up to 100/120fps) translate to a big challenge in UHDTV content delivery to households over terrestrial transmission due to higher data rates. DVB-T2 has been favored by many countries across the world as it is proven to give the best spectral efficiency for terrestrial broadcasting. On the other hand MPEG-4 appears to be the bottleneck for UHDTV since a much higher data rate is needed to deliver such services. Therefore HEVC becomes mandatory for UHDTV delivery over DVB-T2. In this paper, we will give an overview about a complete end-to-end solution for UHDTV delivery over DVB-T2 based on a realistic SFN scenario in Seoul metropolitan area.

Background Initialization by Spatiotemporal Similarity

박구만,Park, Goo-Man The Korean Institute of Broadcast and Media Engine 2007 방송공학회논문지 Vol.12 No.3

A background initialization algorithm based on the spatiotemporal similarity measure in a motion tracking system is proposed. From the accumulated difference between the base frame and the other frames in a subinterval, the regions affected by moving objects are located. The median is applied over the subsequence in the subinterval in which co-located regions share the similarity. The outputs from each subinterval are filtered by second stage median filter. The proposed method showed good results even in the busy and crowded sequences where the real background does not exit.

Switching Picture Added Scalable Video Coding and its Application for Video Streaming Adaptive to Dynamic Network Bandwidth

Jia, Jie,Choi, Hae-Chul,Kim, Hae-Kwang The Korean Institute of Broadcast and Media Engine 2008 방송공학회논문지 Vol.13 No.1

Transmission of video over Internet or wireless network requires coded stream capable of adapting to dynamic network conditions instantly. To meet this requirement, various scalable video coding schemes have been developed, among which the Scalable Video Coding (SVC) extension of the H.264/AVC is the most recent one. In comparison with the scalable profiles of previous video coding standards, the SVC achieves significant improvement on coding efficiency performance. For adapting to dynamic network bandwidth, the SVC employs inter-layer switching between different temporal, spatial or/and fidelity layers, which is currently supported with instantaneous decoding refresh (IDR) access unit. However, for real-time adaptability, the SVC has to frequently employ the IDR picture, which dramatically decreases the coding efficiency. Therefore, an extension of SP picture from the AVC to the SVC for an efficient inter-layer switching is investigated and presented in this paper. Simulations regarding the adaptability to dynamic network bandwidth are implemented. Results of experiment show that the SP picture added SVC provides an average 1.2 dB PSNR enhancement over the current SVC while providing similar adaptive functionality.

Spectrum Sensing Technologies for Cognitive Radio Based Interactive Broadcasting Services

Lim Kyu-Tae,Hur Young-Sik,Lee Jeong-Suk,Kim Ki-Hong,Lee Chang-Ho,Kim Hak-Sun,Laskar Joy The Korean Institute of Broadcast and Media Engine 2006 방송과 미디어 Vol.11 No.1

The Cognitive Radio (CR) technology is a promising solution for exploiting the limited spectrum resources and providing flexibility of spectrum usage. Future interactive broadcasting service can be realized by utilizing CR concept, since the up-link return channel can be found by the spectrum sensing method, which is core functional block of the CR system. In this paper, the spectrum sensing technologies of CR system is presented. First the system architecture of the CR with spectrum sensing block is presented. The suggested spectrum sensing technique consists of the coarse and the fine spectrum sensing. The coarse spectrum sensing technique adopted the wavelet transform to provide the multi-resolution sensing feature - Multi-Resolution Spectrum Sensing (MRSS). The fine spectrum sensing technique uses the beneficial properties of the autocorrelation function Analog Auto-Correlation (AAC). The simulation results for the proposed sensing technologies are presented for various incumbent signals.

Post Production in a Multi-format Environment

Pank, R. A. The Korean Institute of Broadcast and Media Engine 1999 방송과 미디어 Vol.4 No.4

The introduction of broadcast digital television (DTV) was, at one time, seen as an opportunity to rationalise video formats. The reality is quite different with a rapid divergence as the united States' ATSC offers 18 formats to cover both standard definition (SD) and high definition (HD), and yet more are supported by Europe's DVB. At the same time multi-media is expanding both as an area for source material and for finished work. Post production needs to move away from single-format facilities as requirements for multi-format operation is already increasing. A 'format-independent' solution is described which allows efficient operation with any mix of input formats and able to output any format with high quality. Attention is given to retaining the speed, accuracy and immediacy which is a feature of today's professional facilities -even while handling the greater demands of HD. Another route, using 24 frames-per-second is also examined.

Performance of Dual Polarized MIMO System using Six-Port Receiver for Cognitive Radio

이상엽,양완철,이정석,김학선,Lee Sang-Yub,Yang Wan-Cheol,Lee Jeong-Suk,Kim Hak-Sun The Korean Institute of Broadcast and Media Engine 2006 방송과 미디어 Vol.11 No.1

Cognitive radio is a paradigm for wireless communication in which either network of wireless node itself changes particular transmission or reception parameters to execute its tasks efficiently without interfering with the licensed users. This paper represents a performance of the cognitive radio technology on dual polarized MIMO system using six-port receiver. Six-port technology is well known direct conversion receiver. In this paper, a six-port phase discriminator based polarization signal separation is shown. That is, the SER(Symbol Error Rate) performance is improved using polarization separator and simple receiver architecture is proposed applying six-port receiver. The six-port technology has priority to adapt changeable frequency system and variable environments for cognitive radio. In general, dual polarized MIMO system has good capacity and quality using polarization separator [1].

Integrated HAPS WiBro Systems

Sohn, In-Soo,Ku, Bon-Jun,Ahn, Do-Seob The Korean Institute of Broadcast and Media Engine 2006 방송과 미디어 Vol.11 No.2

New reversible data hiding algorithm based on difference expansion method

Kim, Hyoung-Joong,Sachnev, Vasiliy,Kim, Dong-Hoi The Korean Institute of Broadcast and Media Engine 2007 방송공학회논문지 Vol.12 No.2

Reversible data embedding theory has marked a new epoch for data hiding and information security. Being reversible, the original data and the embedded data as well should be completely restored. Difference expansion transform is a remarkable breakthrough in reversible data hiding scheme. The difference expansion method achieves high embedding capacity and keeps the distortion low. This paper shows that the difference expansion method with simplified location map, and new expandability and changeability can achieve more embedding capacity while keeping the distortion almost the same as the original expansion method.

HVS-Aware Single-Shot HDR Imaging Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network

비엔 지아 안,이철,Vien, An Gia,Lee, Chul The Korean Institute of Broadcast and Media Engine 2018 방송공학회논문지 Vol.23 No.3

본 논문은 딥 컨볼루션 뉴럴 네트워크(CNN)를 이용하여 행 별로 서로 다른 노출로 촬영된 단일 영상을 HDR 영상으로 변환하는 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 먼저 입력 영상에서 저조도 또는 포화로 인해 발생하는 정보 손실 영역을 CNN을 이용하여 복원하여 휘도맵을 생성한다. 또한, CNN 학습 과정에서 인간의 시각 인지 특성을 고려할 수 있는 손실 함수를 제안한다. 마지막으로 복원된 휘도맵에 디모자이킹 필터를 적용하여 최종 HDR 영상을 획득한다. 컴퓨터 모의실험을 통해 제안하는 알고리즘이 기존의 기법에 비해서 높은 품질의 HDR 영상을 취득하는 것을 확인한다. We propose a single-shot high dynamic range (HDR) imaging algorithm using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for row-wise varying exposures in a single image. The proposed algorithm restores missing information resulting from under- and/or over-exposed pixels in an input image and reconstructs the raw radiance map. The main contribution of this work is the development of a loss function for the CNN employing the human visual system (HVS) properties. Then, the HDR image is obtained by applying a demosaicing algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides higher-quality HDR images than conventional algorithms.

Video De-noising Using Adaptive Temporal and Spatial Filter Based on Mean Square Error Estimation

김창수,김종호,최윤식,Jin, Changshou,Kim, Jongho,Choe, Yoonsik The Korean Institute of Broadcast and Media Engine 2012 방송공학회논문지 Vol.17 No.6

본 논문에서는 영상에 포함되어 있는 잡음을 효율적으로 제거하기 위해 원본 영상과 잡음이 포함된 영상 사이의 mean square error (MSE) 추정에 기반한 적응적인 시공간 디노이징 필터(Adaptive Temporal and Spatial De-noising Filter : ATSF)를 제안하였다. 제안하는 디노이징 필터는 잡음이 포함되어 있는 영상에 블록 단위로 적용되며, 시간적 필터인 Multi-Hypothesis Motion Compensated Filter (MHMCF)를 사용하고, 공간적 필터로는 bilateral filter를 사용하였다. 각각의 블록에 대해 시간적 필터와 공간적 필터 중에서 최적의 필터를 선택하기 위해서 잡음이 포함되지 않은 원본 영상과 잡음이 포함된 입력 영상 사이의 MSE를 추정하는 기법을 제안하였다. 디노이징 단계에서 원본 영상이 주어지지 않기 때문에 MSE를 추정하기 위해서, 본 논문에서는 MHMCF가 적용된 블록의 MSE를 수학적으로 예측하고, bilateral filter가 적용된 블록의 MSE를 통계적 선형 모델을 통해 예측하였다. 이렇게 예측된 MSE를 비교하여 더 작은 MSE를 갖는 필터를 선택적으로 매 단위 블록마다 적용하게 된다. 제안된 방법은 시간적 필터와 공간적 필터를 적응적으로 적용함으로써 기존의 디노이징 방법에 비해 객관적 화질 뿐만 아니라 주관적인 화질에서 우수한 성능을 보여준다. In this paper, an adaptive temporal and spatial filter (ATSF) based on mean square error (MSE) estimation is proposed. ATSF is a block based de-noising algorithm. Each noisy block is selectively filtered by a temporal filter or a spatial filter. Multi-hypothesis motion compensated filter (MHMCF) and bilateral filter are chosen as the temporal filter and the spatial filter, respectively. Although there is no original video, we mathematically derivate a formular to estimate the real MSE between a block de-noised by MHMCF and its original block and a linear model is proposed to estimate the real MSE between a block de-noised by bilateral filter and its original block. Finally, each noisy block is processed by the filter with a smaller estimated MSE. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm achieves substantial improvements in terms of both visual quality and PSNR as compared with the conventional de-noising algorithms.