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Kim, Mi Na,Kim, Beom Kyung,Han, Kwang-Hyub Springer Japan 2013 Journal of gastroenterology Vol.48 No.6
<P>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third-leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Although hepatitis B still remains the most common risk factor worldwide, chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the driving force for the increased incidence of HCC especially in Western countries and Japan. In hepatitis B virus (HBV)-endemic areas, after successful vaccination programs against HBV, chronic HCV infection is now emerging as an important cause of chronic liver diseases. Unlike patients with chronic hepatitis B, those with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) develop HCC in the presence of established cirrhosis in most cases. However, a significant minority of CHC develops HCC in the absence of cirrhosis. Although HCV is a RNA virus with little potential for integrating its genetic material into host genome, various HCV proteins, including core, envelope, and nonstructural proteins, have oncogenic properties by inducing oxidative stress, disturbing cellular regulatory pathways associated with proliferation and apoptosis, and suppressing host immune responses. Overall, a combination of virus-specific, host genetic, environmental, and immune-related factors are likely to determine progression to HCC. Strategies aimed at eliminating the virus may provide opportunities for effective prevention of the development of HCC. Pegylated interferon plus ribavirin therapy appears to be effective at reducing the risk of HCC in patients who achieve sustained virologic responses. In summary, with the emerging importance of CHC, mechanisms of HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinogenesis should be clarified to provide insight into advanced therapeutic and preventive approaches, which eventually decrease the incidence and mortality of HCC.</P>
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Matsui, Tetsuya,Nakao, Katsuhiro,Higa, Motoki,Tsuyama, Ikutaro,Kominami, Yuji,Yagihashi, Tsutomu,Koide, Dai,Tanaka, Nobuyuki Springer Japan 2018 Ecological research Vol.33 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Climate change will likely change the species composition or abundance of plant communities, and it is important to anticipate these changes to develop climate change adaptation policies. We chose beech (<I>Fagus crenata</I> Blume) and its competitive tree species as target species to evaluate potential turnover in forest types under climate change using a multivariate classification tree model. To construct the model, geographical presence/absence data for nine target species were used as multivariate response variables, with five climatic factors were used as predictor variables. Current and future distribution probabilities for the target species were calculated, and the 15 dominant forest types were subjectively classified in approximately 1‐km<SUP>2</SUP> grid cells within the area of the current beech forest distribution. All 16,398 grid cells of the beech‐dominant forest type (FCR‐QCR) were projected to be replaced in the future by five <I>Quercus crispula</I>‐dominant types (59% of FCR‐QCR grid cells), four <I>Q. serrata</I> types (22%), two <I>Q. salicina</I> types (8%), or two <I>Abies firma</I> types (0.1%). The FCR‐QCR type remained unchanged (stable) in only 11.4% of grid cells; these were mainly distributed at high elevations in snowy areas on the Sea of Japan side of the country. In contrast, vulnerable habitats (future probability of beech occurrence less than 1.0%) were found at low elevations on both the Sea of Japan and the Pacific Ocean sides. Northwards or upwards range expansions or increases of <I>Quercus</I> spp., in particular, need to be carefully monitored.</P>
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KIM, Kyoung-Duck,KIM, Kyong-Min,KANG, Yong Jin Springer Japan KK 2007 Fisheries Science Vol.73 No.4
<P>ABSTRACT: </P><P>This study was carried out to investigate the influences of feeding frequency of extruded pellet and moist pellet on growth and body composition of juvenile flounder (initial mean weight 6.3 g) in suboptimal water temperatures. A 2 (diets: extruded pellet and moist pellet) × 2 (feeding frequencies: two and three times daily) × 2 (water temperatures: 12 and 17°C) factorial design with three replications was used. After 60 days of feeding, the feeding frequency did not significantly affect growth performance of fish. Weight gain, daily feed intake, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were significantly (<I>P</I> < 0.05) higher for fish reared at the higher water temperature. At the same water temperature, weight gain, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio were significantly (<I>P</I> < 0.05) higher for fish fed the extruded pellet than moist pellet. The results of this study indicate that feeding frequency of two times daily is sufficient for optimal growth of juvenile flounder when reared in suboptimal water temperatures, and an increase in water temperature from 12 to 17°C improved growth and feed efficiency.</P>
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JEONG, Dal-Sang,GONZALEZ, Enrique Blanco,MORISHIMA, Kagayaki,ARAI, Katsutoshi,UMINO, Tetsuya Springer Japan KK 2007 Fisheries Science Vol.73 No.4
<P>ABSTRACT: </P><P>The genetic contribution of 51 broodstock, comprising 29 females and 22 males, reared at Hiroshima City Marine Products Promotion Center for the production of stocked black sea bream was monitored during two consecutive years using seven microsatellite DNA loci. The high discrimination ability of these markers was reflected in the polymorphic identification content (<I>PIC</I> = 0.831), the exclusion probability (<I>Q</I> ∼ 1), and the low probability of identity index (<I>I</I> = 3.635<SUP>−10</SUP>). The total number of breeders contributing to the mating process was estimated at 32 (62.7%) in 2000 and 30 (58.8%) in 2001. On pedigree reconstruction, 69.3% of the offspring were successfully assigned to a single broodstock pair. Loss of alleles accounted for 16.9% during seed production; nevertheless, 90.9% of males and 69.0% of females participated in the mating process. Based on microsatellite genetic tagging, 58.9% of the fish sampled during the two months after release were identified as hatchery stock, presenting no significant differences from wild conspecifics in either fork length or body weight.</P>
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CHO, Sung Hwoan,JI, Sung-Choon,HUR, Sung Bum,BAE, Jeanhee,PARK, In-Seok,SONG, Young-Chae Springer Japan KK 2007 Fisheries Science Vol.73 No.5
<P>ABSTRACT: </P><P>The effects of temperature and salinity on growth of green algae <I>Chlorella ellipsoidea</I> and <I>Nannochloris oculata</I> were determined to compare the optimum culture conditions. A four-temperature (15, 20, 25, and 30°C) × three-salinity (10, 20, and 30) factorial design with triplicates was applied. Specific growth rate (SGR), maximum density, and duration to reach maximum density of <I>C. ellipsoidea</I> were significantly affected by both temperature and salinity. The highest SGR was observed in <I>C. ellipsoidea</I> at 25°C and salinity 10, but the maximum density was very low. The highest maximum density was achieved in <I>C. ellipsoidea</I> at 15°C and 10. The slope constant of the linear relationship between semilogarithmic growth of <I>C. ellipsoidea</I> and day of culture was highest at 15°C and 10. The SGR and duration to reach maximum density of <I>N. oculata</I> were significantly affected by both temperature and salinity. However, maximum density of <I>N. oculata</I> was significantly affected by temperature, but not salinity. The highest maximum density was achieved in <I>N. oculata</I> at 25°C and 30, but SGR was significantly lower than that of <I>N. oculata</I> at 25°C and 10. The slope constant of the linear relationship between semilogarithmic growth of <I>N. oculata</I> and day of culture was highest at 25°C and 30. Based on these results, the condition of 15°C and salinity 10 seemed to be optimal for maximum density of <I>C. ellipsoidea</I>, and the condition of 25°C and 10 and 30 for SGR and maximum density for <I>N. oculata</I>, respectively.</P>
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Kim, Sangil,Kang, Yun Hee,Choi, Chang Jae,Won, Nam‐,Il,Seo, In‐,Soo,Lee, Hyuk Je,Jung, Sukgeun,Park, Sang Rul Springer Japan 2014 Ecological research Vol.29 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The effects of intensity and timing of disturbances on recovery of marine benthic organisms were investigated on a rocky intertidal shore in Gwangyang Bay, Korea. We hypothesized that the recovery pattern of the benthic community structure would be affected by disturbance intensity and season. Twenty‐eight permanent plots were set up, with disturbance intensity (cleared plots and sterile plots) and seasonal disturbance (fall 1999 and spring 2000) incorporated into the experimental design. To monitor natural seasonal variation in benthic community abundances, we established seven permanent unmanipulated plots. Turf‐forming algae were observed in the unmanipulated plots throughout the experimental period, whereas green algae and invertebrate presence varied with season. In the disturbance‐intensity experiment, turf‐forming and green algae were dominant in cleared plots. The highest coverage of sessile organisms was observed in sterile plots, which exhibited the highest species richness because of their relatively low macroalgal coverage. Seasonal effects of disturbance were an important factor in the recovery pattern of benthic organisms under high disturbance intensity. Coverage of green algae was higher in sterile spring plots than in sterile fall plots; this result was attributed to low spatial competition, as the disturbances occurred just before green algal blooms. On the other hand, the abundances of barnacles and bivalves were highest on sterile fall plots, as these organisms were suppressed by green algal blooms in other periods. These results indicate that the effects of disturbance intensity on benthic community recovery patterns can be influenced by season of disturbance.</P>
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Lee, K.,Mukai, T.,Lee, D. J.,Iida, K. Springer Japan KK 2014 Fisheries Science Vol.80 No.1
There are various techniques for identifying fish species, including the multi-frequency method, in situ target strength characteristics, and digital image processing methods. Acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) are able to determine multiple current fields simultaneously and have been used to observe the swimming speed and behavior patterns of shoals of pelagic fish under natural conditions. In this study, we evaluated a classification method that can be used to determine the swimming velocity of both the sound-scattering layer and pelagic fish shoals using an ADCP (153.6 kHz) and a scientific echosounder (38, 200 kHz). To calculate the actual swimming speed of the fish shoals, the mean swimming velocity vectors of each stratified bin must be compared with the mean surrounding three-dimensional (3D) current velocity vectors. We found the average 3D swimming velocity of the sound-scattering layer to be characterized by a deviation of > 5.3 cm/s from the surrounding current field. The average 3D swimming velocity of Pacific saury Cololabis saira was calculated to be 91.3 cm/s, while that of lanternfish Diaphus theta was 28.1 cm/s. These swimming speeds correspond to 4.19- and 4.26-fold the body length, respectively. Thus, the use of ADCP swimming velocity data can be expected to be a valuable species identification method for various fishes distributed in a given survey area.
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