The coordinates of archetypal criticism

이태식(李泰植) Kookmin University 1982 국내박사

Rapid detection of Shigella spp. from cabbage using real-time PCR and LAMP

인예원 Kookmin University, Graduate School 2012 국내석사

This study was conducted to find out the minimal time needed for detecting Shgella spp. which normally exists at very low concentration in foods, by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The invasion plasmid antigen H (ipaH) gene was used as target sequence. The detection limit of Shigella sonnei was analyzed 1.08x101 cfu/mL by real-time PCR. Microbial growth pattern was monitored after artificially inoculated cabbage for S. sonnei using Shigella broth. The growth curve was well fitted by the modified Gompertz model equation in Shigella broth during cultivation at 44℃, y=-0.005x2+0.464x+1.651 (R2=0.99). If assuming that S. sonnei is present in produce at low concentrations (1 cell in 25 g sample). The detection by real-time PCR and LAMP would be possible only when the microbial concentration is higher than detection limit. By analyzing the growth curve, the times required for reaching to the detection limit concentration were calculated as 9 h, and 8 h, respectively. As a validation test in artificially inoculated cabbage, real-time PCR and LAMP was identified as an effective detection method with rapidity than conventional culture method.

Isolation, Purification and Characterization of Compounds from DM Fraction of Rheum undulatum Roots and Evaluation of Their Anticancer Activity against MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells

정민지 Kookmin University Graduate School 2015 국내석사

Rheum undulatum Linn, a plant belonging to the polygonaceae family widely distributed in Asian countries. The root of this plant has traditionally been considered as an anti-neoplastic herb in China, Japan and Korea as well. Based on this, it was considered to explore its antineoplastic activity. The present study was aimed to identify the active compounds from DM fraction of R. undulatum extracts and the significance evaluation of their anticancer effects against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. The fraction was subjected to column chromatography and the major eight compounds were purified using HPLC. Characterization of their chemical structures by NMR and Mass spectroscopy, the Com-1, -3 and -5 are anthraquinones such as physcion, emodin and chrysophanol. Com-4 and -7 are rhapontigenin and desoxyrhapontigenin, a derivative of resveratrol, and Com-2 is a sterol, beta-sitosterol. Com-6 is a primary aroma compounds, raspberry ketone. The structure of Com-8 was not characterization yet. The effects of compounds on proliferation, cellular and nuclear morphology were analysed by MTT assay, microscopical observation with and without Heochst 33342 staining, respectively. The results were represented that the Com-4, Com-7 and Com-8 possesses significant anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. These three compounds induce 50% cell death (IC50) are 41.07, 39.90 and 61.14 μg/ml, respectively. Detecting of cell cycle and Annexin-V/PI staining were performed by flow cytometry. These results suggested that three compounds induce apoptosis by increasing the G0/G1 arrest in MCF-7 cells. Further, Com-4, and -8 inhibits MMP activity by increasing generation of ROS. Com-7 are considered to induce apoptosis through mechanism unrelated ROS generation. This study indicated that the anti-cancer activities of these compounds and R. undulatum extracts would be a valuable candidate for the therapeutic agent. 대황(Rheum undulatum Linn)은 아시아 국가에 널리 분포하고 있는 마디풀과에 속하는 식물이다. 이 식물의 뿌리는 전통적으로 중국과 일본, 한국에서 항 종양성 약초로 여겨져 왔다. 이것을 기초로 하여, 대황은 항 종양 활성을 갖는 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구는 대황 추출물의 DM fraction 으로부터 분리한 활성 물질을 규명과 그 물질들의 MCF-7 인체 유방암 세포에 대한 항암 활성을 평가하고자 하였다. DM fraction은 column chromatography를 이용하여 분리하였고, 8개의 major compounds는 HPLC 를 이용하여 정제하였다. 분리한 물질들의 화학 구조 규명은 NMR 과 mass spectroscopy를 이용하였고, Com-1, -3, -5는 anthraquinone류로, 각각 physcion, emodin, chrysophanol로 규명되었다. Com-4와 -7은 resveratrol 유도체로서, 각각 rhapontigenin과 desoxyrhapontigenin으로 확인되었으며, Com-2는 beta-sitosterol로 규명되었다. Com-6는 raspberry ketone으로 확인되었다. Com-8의 구조는 아직 규명되지 않았다. 세포 증식에 대한 물질의 효과는 MTT assay를 이용하여 분석하였고, 세포와 핵의 형태에 대한 물질의 효과는 Hoechst staining과 현미경 관찰을 통하여 분석하였다. 그 결과, Com-4, -7, -8이 MCF-7 인체 유방암 세포에서 증식을 억제하고 apoptosis를 유도하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 이 세 물질의 IC50 값은 각각 41.07, 39.90, 61.14 μg/ml로 나타났다. Cell assay와 Annexin-V/PI staining은 flow cytometry를 이용하여 수행하였다. 그 결과, 세 물질은 MCF-7 세포에서 G0/G1 arrest를 증가에 의해 apoptosis를 유도하는 것으로 판단된다. 이에 더해, Com-4와 -8은 ROS의 발생을 증가시킴으로써 MMP 활성을 억제하는 것으로 판단된다. Com-7은 ROS 생성과 관계 없는 경로로 apoptosis를 유도하는 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 이러한 물질들의 항암활성을 확인하였고, 대황 추출물은 치료제로서 개발 가능성이 충분할 것으로 사료된다.

(A)Study on Case in English and Mongolian : Genitive case marked subject

Vanchinsuren, Dashdavaa Kookmin University Graduate School 2013 국내박사

This thesis presents case licensing algorithms in English and Mongolian and deals with an aspect of case theory focusing on the case licensing of embedded subject of relative clause in Mongolian.In other words, the central empirical problem addressed is the question of the proper analysis of alternative case (Nominative, Genitive and Accusative) marked subject of relative clauses in Mongolian. In order to study alternative case marked subject of relative clauses in Mongolian, we focus on case licensing problems of Mongolian under the Theory of Government and Binding (its subsequent work) and extend and analyze these theories to accommodate the Mongolian Data. First, in accordance with parametric variation of case licensing, it is arguable to distinct cases into two parts like inherent and structural case in Mongolian. Adopting proposal by Kang (1986) we argue that genitive case in Mongolian is structural while it is inherent in English by Chomsky (1981). Second, we argue that relative clause with genitive case marked subject in Mongolian is complementizer phrase. Namely, embedded clauses appear to have both complementizer ge and genitive case marked subject due to the following parametric factors: the head final parameter and phrasal morphological Case. Third, in connection to Mood phrase in Mongolian, we illustrate that accusative case marked subject occurs in indicative, subjunctive and imperative mood phrases in Mongolian regardless tense. However, in English (ECM) accusative case marked subject occurs only in infinite clauses. Genitive case-marked subjects occur only in finite clauses in Mongolian and they don’t exist in subjunctive and imperative embedded clauses. Finally, based on these analyses of multi-layered functional category, we argue that embedded clauses in Mongolian have one more structure in comparison with canonical structure in English. More specifically, embedded clause with genitive case marked subject is focus phrase in connected with its semantic and syntactic evidences in Mongolian.

Fabrication of TiO_(2) Nanotubes and its Energy Application of Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

유현준 Kookmin University Graduateschool 2013 국내박사

The application of precisely dimension-controlled TiO_(2) nanotube arrays in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) is studied. Generally TiO_(2) nanoparticles are used as photoanode of DSCs. The nanopartulated films provide not only a large surface area but also pathway of electrons. Randomly connected nanoparticle networks disturb efficient diffusion of electrons of photoinduced electrons from dye molecules. In this study, the precisely dimension-controlled TiO_(2) NT photoanodes for DSCs with quasi-single crystalline grains by template-directed atomic layer deposition (ALD) is described. The anodic aluminium oxide membranes were used as nanoporous templates. As-deposited amourphous TiO_(2) NTs were annealed to crystallize to anatase. Large enlongated anatase grains in the NTs could enhance the electron percolation and effectively suppress the recombination with holes in electrolyte. The voltage-decay measurements show that nanotubular photoanode system have much longer lifetimes indicating fewer recombination centers in the photoanodes in comparison to nanopartuculate systems. More than three orders of magnitude enhancement of the electronic conductivity of such TiO_(2) NT arrays compared with reported that of conventional mesoporous anatase TiO_(2) particulate films is measured. Absorption of dye molecules on the surfaces of ALD-grown TiO_(2) NTs is of critically important and investigated with function of different thicknesses and treatments by using the solution of NaOH, HCl, and TiCl4. The effective surface area is measured by the absorption intensity of UV-visible spectrophotometer measurement of collected dye molecules which are desorbed from stained NTs. And the crystallographic faceting on the surface of NTs after the treatment was found from high magnitude TEM images. The critical point drying technique was used to prevent bundling formation casud by capillary force. The bundling formation cause the breakage of NTs and the reducuction of surface area of NT arrays. As a result, under air mass (AM) 1.5 illumination, the photoconversion efficiency of ~7 % with the photocurrent of ~15 mA/cm^(2) were obtained.

색상에 의존하지 않는 컬러공간 기반의 가시광 통신 시스템 성능분석

Pankaz Das Kookmin University Graduate School 2013 국내석사

Visible-light communication (VLC) systems should be compatible with all colors in the visible range. In this thesis, various aspects of a color-independent VLC system design, which is based on color-space, are explored including feasible light color spaces, potential constellation diagrams, data-to-light intensity mapping, and light intensity-to-data demapping. After describing the proposed VLC system and parameters essential for a color-space-based VLC system design, numerous methods of constellation design for generating a target color in a light color space are presented. We then propose a modulation scheme termed GCM (Generalized color modulation) for color-independent VLC systems. GCM is a color-space-based modulation scheme that can be used to transmit data symbols by varying light intensities of multiple light-emitting diodes (LEDs), irrespective of the target colors of VLC signals. The mapping procedure is used to transform data symbol points into LED intensities. This proposed mapping procedure also incorporates two algorithms to calculate light intensity from the constellation point. And then, we determine the position of received signal point in the light color space at the receiver by manipulating the intensities of received signals from the photo detectors (PDs). Finally, we convert these received points to data symbols by matching them to the constellation points generated by the receiver. This proposed system is analyzed with an additive white Gaussian noise channel along with various color scenarios (single and multiple colors). We also investigate four cases to obtain the target color information at the receiver. In order to get the target color at receiver, a lookup table scenario is also presented. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme can be applied to the development of more efficient VLC system.

Effects of laccase catalyzed rutin polymer on the inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

전지경 Kookmin University Graduate School 2013 국내석사

Rutin was polymerized in water by laccase for 24 h at room temperature and rutin polymers were separated into two fractions by ultrafiltration. The characteristic UV absorption peak of rutin monomer appeared at 280 and 350 nm while a large broad peak at 350 nm was found after enzymatic polymerization. The solubility of rutin polymers in water was greatly improved by enzymatic polymerization. In terms of anti-adipogenic activity determined using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, rutin polymers (RP) which consist of diverse molecular weights and RP fraction 2 (RP-2) which has 6-7 monomer units resulted in less triglyceride accumulation and lower GPDH activity than those of rutin monomer and RP-1(1-2 monomer units). The glycerol release indicating possible lipolytic activity was significantly increased by RP and RP-2 whereas rutin monomer did not show any positive effect. The exposure of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to RP and RP-2 resulted in down-regulated expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP1 and FAS while the mRNA level of adiponectin up-regulated in a dose-dependent manner. All samples did not show cytotoxicity up 500 μM. These result suggest that rutin polymer with 6-7 monmer units has a great potential as an anti-obesity agent and laccase catalyzed polymerization can be used to improve anti-adipogenic effect of rutin. Flavonoids 계열의 한 종류인 rutin은 항염증, 항암 및 항세균 활성을 가지고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 효소적 중합반응으로 생성된 flavonoids 중합체가 단량체와 비교하여 용해도가 증가하고 항산화 활성이 증가한다는 연구는 알려져 있지만 지방대사에 미치는 효과는 보고된 바 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 3T3-L1 지방 전구세포를 이용하여 rutin 중합체가 지방분화에 미치는 효과와 그 분자적 기작을 연구하였다. 효소반응은 rutin (1.2 g)을 증류수에 용해시키고 일정양의 효소를 첨가한 후 상온에서 하루 동안 실시하였으며 반응 종료 후 한외여과로 이량체와 올리고머의 분자량(6-7 단량체 단위)으로 분획하여 분말을 제조하였다. 분화된 세포에 시료를 농도 별로 (0 - 500 μM) 처리하여 지방 축적율 및 지방 분화 관련 전사인자들의 발현 정도를 조사하였다. Rutin 중합체와 올리고머의 첨가는 단량체와 비교하여 지방축적 및 glycerol 3- phosphate dehydrogenase 활성을 유의적으로 감소시켰으며 free glycerol 은 단량체와 비교하여 유의적으로 증가시켰다. 지방 분화 관련 전사인자의 mRNA 발현을 측정한 결과 rutin 중합체와 올리고머의 첨가는 단량체와 비교하여 유의적인 효과를 나타냈다. 이상의 결과는, rutin 중합체가 지방축적 및 지방 분화 관련 전사인자들을 조절함으로써 지방세포의 분화와 지방생성을 보다 효과적으로 억제함을 시사하며 용해도가 높은 항비만 기능성 물질로서 산업화 가능성이 높을 것으로 사료된다.

Packet Sniffer Design for Making Experimental Prototype of Controller Node Aimed at Real-time Collision Detection in Underwater Sensor Networks

무미노브, 사도르백 Kookmin University Graduate School of Business Inf 2012 국내석사

The rapid growth of Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UW-ASNs) has led researchers to enhance routing protocols against limitations existing in underwater environment. Slow propagation speed and multipath propagation are the types of interference most often encountered. Such interferences create critical issues to explore and study in detail. For real-time state analysis of underwater sensor network, circumstance requires debugging the network by using a hardware-based sniffer node and software-based packet sniffer. In underwater acoustic communication, data transmission is strongly influenced by environmental impacts, such as signal strength, hydraulic pressure, water temperature, noise, and etc. Therefore, one of the main considerable points in underwater acoustic communication is collision between nodes as it has interdependent relationship between the distance and signal strength. Packet analysis can be usefully employed in utilizing mobile ad-hoc network and cluster based networks. For efficiency we made researches focusing on easily detection of node collisions and real-time monitoring of the network status. This concept can be useful for developing controller-master nodes in underwater acoustic sensor networks. All performance evaluation analysis was estimated by implementation in experimental field. All works have been focused on node collision detection, analysis, and packet integrity checks. Tests were performed on the hardware-based sniffer node in the laboratory with three deployed sensor nodes. These tests verified that the sniffer node device can operate as designed and performs as well as larger, commercially-available terrestrial packet sniffers, which are not suited for underwater sensor network field use. We propose the customized robust real-time packet inspection mechanism with addressing the problem of the search for the data packet loss and network performance quality analysis in underwater acoustic sensor networks, and describe our experiences using this approach. The goal of this work is to provide a framework to assess the network real-time performance quality. We propose a customized and adaptive mechanism to detect, monitor and analyze the data packets according to the Data-Link Layer protocol standards in underwater sensor networks. The packet analyzing method and design concept we propose is robust, easy to implement, maintain, update and enhance. We take input stream as real data packets from sniffer node in capture mode and perform fully analysis. In recent works, we were interested in developing software and hardware based tool with the same capabilities which almost terrestrial network packet sniffers have. Experimental results confirm that the best way to achieve maximum performance requires the most adaptive algorithm.

In-Situ Layering of Electrospun Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofibers on Hydrophobic Substrates for Fluid Transfer

박나영 Kookmin University Graduate School 2022 국내석사

Stereoscopic Video Transmission over DVB-T2 System

Md. Sazzad Hossen Kookmin University Graduate School 2015 국내석사

Three Dimensional (3D) videos are riding their success from cinema to home entertainment markets such as TV, DVD, Blu-ray, video games, etc. Industrial sectors are pushing to bring the 3D video into the home but still it is a long way to a more general embracement of the new technology. In this thesis, various aspects of 3DTV transmission system with detail explanation of 2nd generation digital video broadcasting system (DVB-T2), stereoscopic 3D display technologies, 3D video coding and formats are presented. We propose a complete framework of an end-to-end transmission of stereo video for regular service using DVB-T2 system. Proposed system incorporates the existing services such as fixed and mobile to deliver the stereoscopic 3D contents in order to maintain backward compatibility without any additional bandwidth requirement for 3D services. The system is based on single stream by using Future Extension Frame (FEF), part of the T2 frame of the DVB-T2 system which carries both T2-Base profile and T2-Lite profile. Finally, a service scenario of the proposed system is analyzed by considering target receivers and required data rate. A case study is given to represent practical perspective view about proposed system by considering a possible scenario that could be deployed at different times in the midterm future in both HD and UHD environment.