Numerical investigation on the new blast-resistant design of reinforced concrete structures

GENC OGUZ KAGAN Sejong University - Graduate School 2023 국내석사

The blast-resistant design of reinforced concrete structures has kept its critical position for decades due to explosion disasters and terrorist attacks that affected public health and resulted in significant loss of life as well as detrimental economic outcomes. Hence, the need for new blast-resistant designs was the primary motivation for this study. Economically feasible and convenient solutions were the main targets for blast-resistant designs despite the many costly applications already in the literature, i.e., ultra-high-performance concrete and prestressed concrete. Moreover, because of the strategic importance of nuclear power plant structures, a nuclear power plant primary auxiliary building wall was employed to evaluate its performance under close-in explosions. Then, new proposed blast-resistant designs were implemented into a full-scale NPP primary auxiliary building to test their energy absorption capabilities under close-in explosions. A short introduction was first placed, presenting an extensive explanation of the motivation, objectives and tasks, and organization. Then, the whole numerical modeling procedure, including fluid-structure interaction in LS-DYNA, was explained in the next chapter. Also, the material properties of concrete, rubberized concrete, steel rebars, and steel covers were given in this chapter. Secondly, the verification and calibration studies of concrete and rubberized concrete slabs under static loads and explosions were explained in detail. The sensitivity analyses also accompanied the explanations to show the paths for calibrating and verifying numerical results. Consequently, the energy data, both global and local, i.e., part by part, was plotted to emphasize that no numerical instability occurred, and the numerical studies resulted in high accuracy. Furthermore, new blast-resistant designs were proposed after the verification and calibration studies. In the first design, auxetic metamaterials helped get the inspiration to propose an auxetic reinforcement layout for concrete panels, which could resist blast loads stronger than conventional designs. The auxetic reinforcement layout created additional compression loads and partial confining effects, increasing the compression strength of concrete and reducing tension loads. As a result, the spalling radius of the panel with the auxetic reinforcement layout employment was reduced by 50% compared to the conventional designs. On the other hand, the proven blast resistance of rubberized concrete was employed in a new layer-by-layer design. Even though some mechanical properties of rubberized concrete was deteriorated under static loads, as seen in the literature, the dynamic performance of rubberized concrete under high-strain loadings was better than that of normal concrete. Therefore, combining normal and rubberized concrete has overcome the issue. Then, the proposed model was tested with the verified keywords and material models in LS-DYNA. It was revealed that the proposed layer-by-layer design performed better than conventional designs. Moreover, in both numerical studies, the presented energy data also depicted the reliability of numerical models one more time. Finally, the proven proposed models were applied to a Korean Standard Nuclear Power Plant primary auxiliary wall. Hence, a full-scale NPP wall numerical model was developed with the verified numerical procedure and material parameters to test the wall under a 100 kg TNT explosion with a standoff distance of 0.5 m. The results revealed that both proposed designs performed better than the conventional designs. Lastly, all outcomes were summarized with keynote conclusions, and the author also presented recommendations for further designs. 최근 증가하는 테러와 폭발에 의해 발생하는 사회적 및 경제적 손실로 인해 폭발 하중과 같은 극한 하중에 저항하는 철근 콘크리트 구조물의 설계가 주목받아 왔다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 폭발 하중에 저항하는 철근 콘크리트 구조물에 대한 새로운 설계법을 제안하고자 하였다. 먼저, 본 논문에서는 폭발에 대한 저항성을 가지는 구조물 설계의 주요 목적은 경제성과 적용성임에도 불구하고, 초고강도 콘크리트와 프리스트레스 콘크리트가 기존 연구에서 많이 사용되어오고 있다. 게다가, 원자력 발전소와 같은 전략적 중요성을 가지는 구조물에 대하여 희생 벽체를 사용하여 폭발 하중 조건에서 성능을 평가한 바 있다. 그리고 나서, 새롭게 제안한 폭발 하중에 대해 저항성을 가지는 설계 방법을 원자력 발전소의 1차 보조 건물에 적용하여 근접 폭발에서의 에너지 흡수 능력을 실험적으로 확인하였다. 먼저, 짧은 Introduction을 통해 연구 배경, 목표, 연구 수행 내용, 그리고 구성에 대해 소개하였다. 그런 다음 LS-DYNA의 fluid-structure 상호작용을 포함한 전체적인 수치 모델링 절차에 대해 설명하였다. 또한, 본 장에서는 콘크리트, rubberized 콘크리트, 보강 철근, 그리고 철근 피복의 재료적 특성에 대한 정보를 서술하였다. 그리고, 정적 및 폭발 하중에 대한 콘크리트 및 rubberized 콘크리트 슬래브의 검증 및 보정에 관한 연구를 상세하게 설명하였다. 이와 더불어 민감성 분석에서 수치 결과를 검증하고, 보정하기 위한 경로를 설명하였다. 결과적으로, 전역 및 국부적인 에너지 데이터, 즉 국부적으로 수치 불안정성이 없는 것으로 나타남으로써 본 연구에서는 높은 정확성을 가진 결과를 도출하였다. 이를 통해, 검증 및 보정 연구 결과를 바탕으로 폭발 하중에 저항하는 새로운 설계법을 제안하였다. 첫번째 설계에서는 높은 폭발 하중에 저항할 수 있는 보강 배치 방법을 제안하기 위해 auxetic metamaterials에서 영감을 얻었다. Auxetic 보강 배치는 추가 압축 하중과 부분 구속 효과를 생성하여 콘크리트의 압축강도를 증가시키고 인장 하중을 감소시켰다. 결과적으로, auxetic 보강 배치가 적용된 패널의 파편 반경은 기존 설계법과 비교하여 50% 감소하였다. 반면, rubberized 콘크리트의 입증된 내폭성은 새로운 layer-by-layer 설계에 사용되었다. 정적 하중을 받는 경우 rubberized 콘크리트의 역학적 특성이 일부 열화되었음에도 불구하고 본문에서 확인할 수 있듯이 고강도 하중을 받는 경우 rubberized 콘크리트의 동적 성능은 일반 콘크리트 보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 일반 콘크리트와 rubberized 콘크리트를 결합하는 문제를 극복했다. 그리고, LS-DYNA에서 검증된 Keyword와 재료 모델로 제안된 모델을 실험하였다. 제안된 layer-by-layer 설계법이 기존 설계 보다 성능이 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 두가지의 수치 연구에서 제시된 에너지 데이터는 수치 모델의 신뢰성을 한번 더 확인시켜주었다. 마지막으로, 검증된 제안 모델은 한국 표준 원자력 발전소 1차 보조 벽에 적용되었다. 따라서, 검증된 수치 절차와 재료 매개변수를 사용하여 0.5 m의 정지 거리를 가진 100 kg의 TNT 폭발 하중 하에서 벽을 테스트하기 위해 full-scale NPP 벽 수치 모델이 개발되었다. 결과적으로, 두가지의 제안된 설계법이 기존 설계법보다 성능이 우수하다는 것을 보여주었다. 최종적으로 모든 결과를 keynote 결론으로 요약했으며, 저자는 추가 설계법에 대한 권장 사항도 제시하였다.

A study on automated demand response in resource-constrained IOT platforms for smart grid : 스마트 그리드를 위한 자원 제약 사물인터넷 플랫폼에서의 자동 수요 반응에 관한 연구

Hasan Wajahat Sejong University, Graduated School 2015 국내석사

The traditional electric grid has always suffered from the lack of steady demand for electricity and unlike other markets, electricity is one product that cannot be stored so its production has to be increased or decreased in real-time. However, smart grid with its two-way flow of information and electricity can resolve this issue through the use of demand response (DR). DR is the shifting or shedding of load by the user in response to a demand from power utilities. The two end points in a load reduction event are the utility and the device which reduces its power consumption; currently to achieve this load reduction would require a combination of DR standards or of DR standards with other protocols like BACnet. But with the spread of internet of things (IOT), electric devices are becoming capable of communication by themselves and this should govern the future direction of DR protocols. In our thesis first common automated DR (ADR) standards known as open automated demand response 2.0 (openADR 2.0) was explored. To understand DR messages and events and to show the inadequacies of the current DR systems we developed a fully functional DR client. For openADR 2.0 to fully function, it needs a DR client which means, having to install an extra device or software in every house and for that software to have the capability to communicate with electronic devices which sometimes use proprietary protocols. But with IOT the same functions can be done by the devices themselves, with the support from the right ADR protocol. OpenADR 2.0 is heavily dependent on XML but for a utility to communicate with millions of devices, XML is too verbose. In our thesis we have proposed the use of efficient XML interchange (EXI) as serialization technique for DR standards as it can provide the advantages of XML but requires far less battery, memory and processing capabilities. A network model of smart grid on OPNET was created and a DR event simulated using both XML and EXI. The results show that EXI significantly generate far less data than XML. Using these results a new DR protocol was proposed which targets constrained devices and is an end-to-end DR protocol. The proposed protocol is designed specifically for small devices and divides devices in to categories which can help the utility to generate DR events more efficiently. The proposed protocol is based on web of things and uses constrained application protocol (CoAP) and EXI. The protocol was implemented using contiki and the analysis done using traffic generated showed that our protocol generated far less traffic than openADR 2.0 without constant updating and with constant update it generated nearly the same. This shows that an end-to-end DR protocol for constrained devices is feasible and advantageous.

A study on cultural challenges influencing on immigration of Uzbek diaspora and ethnic Koreans in South Korea

Kamalov Khamid Sejong University graduate school 2019 국내석사

Globalization is making closer parts of the world closer than ever before, initiating more international migration and transnational companies, and establishing global cities with multiethnic, multicultural, multilingual populations. Globalization has strengthened the economic and practical roles of adaptive diasporas. In the era of globalization, multicultural societies are being formed over the world, where different kind of nationalities are living. South Korean is not an exception since globalization affects developed and developing countries also. Different kind of diasporas has been forming in this country. All of them may face cultural challenges, which can show us the importance of understanding to study cultural challenges. Despite the growing influx of migrants from Uzbekistan including ethnic Koreans, no research has been conducted to understand cross-cultural challenges in this area. Thus, this research tries to identify and observes cultural challenges both Uzbek diaspora and ethnic Koreans in Korea, compares and predicts migration trends. In addition, this study aims to explain and offer suggestions on how to deal with cross-cultural challenges for people came from Uzbekistan, including ethnic Koreans. A relevant literature review has been made on Diasporas, Uzbek ethnicity, migration Koreans to Central Asia, factors influencing on immigration to Korea. Research includes mixed methods of qualitative and quantitative research, as some hypothesis may come after reviewing literature resources or after collecting and analyzing data. The survey was provided among different types of groups such as students, workers and ethnic Koreans. Results show us what kind of cultural challenges and difficulties Uzbek diaspora faces in Korea, their preference in solving these challenges and faster adaptation. I hope that this study would contribute to study cultural challenges on migration. Moreover, it may help to understand these challenges and prevent negative consequences. Keywords: Diaspora, migration, adaptation, cultural challenges.

Underground Cavity Detection based on 3D Convolutional Neural Network using 3D GPR Data

KHUDOYAROV SHEKHROZ SHAVKATOVICH Sejong University, Graduate School of Science and 2021 국내박사

Non-destructive inspection techniques have become more important for the rehabilitation of underground utilities. Therefore, the development of the technique for diagnosing the condition of the underground soil became very important too. This research focuses on subsurface Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) to detect underground voids. Ground-penetrating Radar is a sensor system for analyzing underground facilities such as pipelines and rebars. The technique also can be used to detect an underground cavity, which is a potential sign of urban sinkholes. Multichannel ground-penetrating radar devices are widely used to detect underground cavities thanks to the capacity of informative three-dimensional data. Nevertheless, the three-dimensional ground-penetrating radar data interpretation is unclear and complicated when recognizing underground cavities. Similar ground-penetrating radar data reflected from different underground objects are often mixed with the cavities. As it is prevalently known that the deep learning algorithm-based techniques are powerful at image classification, deep learning-based techniques for underground object detection techniques using two-dimensional GPR radargrams have been researched upon in recent years. However, spatial information of subsurface objects can be characterized better in three-dimensional ground-penetrating radar volume pixel (voxel) data than in two-dimensional ground-penetrating radar images. Therefore, a novel underground object classification technique is proposed in this study by applying a deep three-dimensional convolutional neural network on three-dimensional ground-penetrating radar data. First, a deep CNN architecture was developed using three-dimensional convolutional networks for recognizing underground objects such as pipe, cavity, maintenance hole, and subsoil. The framework of applying the three-dimensional convolutional neural network into three-dimensional ground-penetrating radar data was then proposed and experimentally validated using actual three-dimensional ground-penetrating radar data. Then, three-dimensional ground-penetrating radar block data were used to train the developed three-dimensional convolutional neural network and classify three-dimensional ground-penetrating radar data collected from urban roads in Seoul, South Korea. The validation results of this research revealed that four underground objects (pipe, cavity, maintenance hole, and subsoil) are successfully classified, and the average classification accuracy was 97%. In addition, a false alarm was rarely indicated. 비파괴 검사 기법은 지하 유틸리티 시설의 갱생을 위해 더욱 중요해지고 있습니다. 그러므로, 지하 토양의 상태를 진단하는 기술의 개발 또한 매우 중요하게 되었습니다. 이 연구는 지하 공백을 감지하기 위한 지표면 아래 지상 침투 레이더(GPR)에 초점을 맞추고 있습니다. 지하 투과 레이더는 파이프라인, 철근 등 지하 시설을 분석하기 위한 센서 시스템입니다. 이 기술을 사용하여 도시 싱크홀의 잠재적 징후인 지하 공동을 감지할 수도 있습니다. 다중 채널 지상 투과 레이더 장치는 유용한 3차원 데이터의 용량 덕분에 지하 구멍을 감지하는 데 널리 사용됩니다. 그럼에도 불구하고 지하 구멍을 인식할 때 3차원 지상 투과 레이더 데이터 해석은 명확하지 않고 복잡합니다. 다른 지하 물체에서 반사되는 유사한 지상 투과 레이더 데이터가 공동과 혼합되는 경우가 많습니다. 딥러닝 알고리즘 기반 기법이 영상 분류에 강력하다고 널리 알려져 있듯이, 최근 2차원 GPR 레이더 프로그램을 이용한 지하 물체 감지 기술에 대한 딥러닝 기반 기법이 연구되고 있습니다. 그러나 지표면 아래 물체의 공간 정보는 2차원 지상 투과 레이더 영상보다 3차원 지상 투과 레이더 볼륨 픽셀(복셀) 데이터에서 더 잘 특성화할 수 있습니다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 3차원 지상 투과 레이더 데이터에 깊은 3차원 컨볼루션 신경망을 적용하여 새로운 지하 물체 분류 기법을 제안하였습니다. 첫째, 깊은 CNN 아키텍처는 파이프, 캐비티, 유지관리 구멍, 서브토양 등의 지하 물체를 인식하기 위한 3차원 컨볼루션 네트워크를 사용하여 개발되었습니다. 그런 다음 3차원 컨볼루션 신경 네트워크를 3차원 지상 투과 레이더 데이터에 적용하는 프레임워크를 제안하고 실제 3차원 지상 투과 레이더 데이터를 사용하여 실험적으로 검증했습니다. 이후 개발된 3차원 컨볼루션 신경망을 훈련하고 서울 시내 도로에서 수집된 3차원 지상 투과 레이더 데이터를 분류하기 위해 3차원 지상 투과 레이더 블록 데이터가 사용되었습니다. 본 연구의 검증 결과에 따르면 4개의 지하 물체(파이프, 공동, 유지관리 구멍, 아토양)가 성공적으로 분류되었으며, 평균 분류 정확도는 97%였습니다. 또한 거짓 경보도 거의 표시되지 않았습니다.

Cultural Characteristics of Modern Mongolia

Mathew Ryan Nolan Sejong University, Graduate school 2016 국내석사

Culture is a difficult concept to define due to its amorphous qualities but defining cultural characteristics and how they affect socio-economic development of countries is an attainable goal. My thesis will define the exact aspects of culture I am interested in before using various cultural characteristics to explore the culture of modern day Mongolia and its people. My goal will be to break down Mongolian culture and find aspects of Mongolian culture that are conducive to socio-economic development. Only then can we compare Mongolia to its regional neighbors of East Asia who have all reached economic development. It is my belief that cultural characteristics of Mongolia will point to them as being a progress-prone culture.

An Experimental Study on Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Geopolymer Concrete

NGUYEN HONG CHAN Sejong University graduate school 2015 국내석사

The demand of concrete is increasing day by day for the need of development of infrastructure facilities. However, it is well known that the production of ordinary Portland cements not only consumes significant amount of natural resources and energy but also releases substantial quantity of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Therefore, it is essential to find alternatives to make the concrete environment friendly. And also, there are needs for finding the renewable materials to satisfy the increasing demand for building structures. Geopolymers have received considerable attention because they may result environmental benefits such as the reduction in consumption of natural resources and the decrease in the net production of carbon dioxide. In the recent years, interest in geopolymer is increasing manifold due to their reported advantages over ordinary Portland cements. Geopolymer materials are reported to possess high early strength, better durability and have almost no alkali-aggregate reaction. These materials are therefore projected to be cement for the future. Granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) is kind of raw material in Geopolymer, and also it is industrial wastes. Granulated blast furnace slag is formed in processes such as pig iron manufacture from iron ore, combustion residue of coke, and fluxes such as limestone, serpentine, and other materials. Granulated blast furnace slag is a non-toxic material, and can be a good raw material for making high-value geopolymers which can be utilized in fire resistant applications. Generally, Geopolymer based on granulated blast furnace slag not only reduce the environmental effect by the emission of carbon dioxide but also resolving industrial wastes. In this thesis, the granulated blast furnace slag Geopolymer was a kind of concrete without using Portland cement. All main properties of concrete have been tested such as: workability, compressive strength and rest period. The properties of geopolymer concrete depend on the geopolymerization which needs energy to occur. Thus, higher curing temperature resulted in larger compressive strength and longer curing time resulted in higher compressive strength. This characteristic of granulated blast furnace slag geopolymer concrete is similar to the others kinds of geopolymer concrete. In the other hand, because of special chemical properties of granulated blast furnace slag, the optimization temperate is 130oC which can provide the highest compressive strength of slag based on geopolymer concrete after 4 hours in curing conditions. Additionally, final compressive strengths were almost same whenever the curing conditions appeared, even though the delays were 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 days. Beside, granulated blast furnace slag geopolymer concrete is the good material for sulfate resistance and corrosion environment also. It not only uninfluenced by sulfate factors but also improved the compressive strength in those environments.

Optimum design of laminated composite thin-walled beams considering flexural-torsional buckling : Flexural-torsional buckling을 고려한 laminated composite thin-walled beams의 최적설계

NguyenXuanHoang Sejong University Graduate School, Department of 2015 국내석사

The main objective of this study is to present formulation and solution methodology for optimum design of thin-walled composite beams. The geometric parameters and fiber orientations of beams are treated as design variables simultaneously. The objective function of the optimization problem is to maximize the critical flexural-torsional buckling loads of axially loaded beams. The constraints of the optimization problem are imposed by the presence of upper bound of cross-sectional area of beams, limitation ranges of ratios of length to web’s height and web’s height to flanges’ width of beams. The analysis of thin-walled composite beams for flexural-torsional buckling problem in which warping function is introduced in displacement field is conducted by displacement-based one-dimensional finite element model. The displacement fields are assumed to follow the classical laminated beam theory and applied for arbitrary laminate stacking sequence configuration. Varational formulation in which the principal of total potential energy is employed is used to derive the governing equations and finite element model of flexural-torsional buckling problem. Results from the parametric studies show that the effects of fiber angles and cross section geometry on the critical buckling load are varied for different boundary conditions and length of beams. In some cases, the increase of ratio of web’s height to flanges’ width is followed by the decrease of critical buckling load through the range of fiber angles. On the other hand, the variation of ratio of web’s height to flanges’ width produces diverse trends of critical buckling load with respect to fiber angle changes. A micro genetic algorithm (micro-GA) is employed as a tool for obtaining optimal solutions. It offers faster convergence to the optimal results with smaller number of populations than the conventional GA. Several types of lay-up scheme as well as different beam lengths and boundaries conditions are investigated in the optimization problems of I-section composite beams. The optimal results are compared to regular design whose cross-sectional area of thin-walled beams are same in order to illustrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed methodology for optimization of flexural-torsional buckling problems. In addition, obtained numerical results show a little more sensitivity of geometric parameters on the critical flexural-torsional buckling loads than that of fiber angles.

Production-to-Fracturing Approach to Optimize Productivity of Transversely Muti-Fractured Horizontal Wells in Shale Gas Reservoir : 셰일 가스전에서 횡 방향 다단 파쇄 수평정의 생산성을 최적화하기 위한 Production-to-Fractured 접근에 대한 연구

DANG THANH SON Sejong University Graduate school 2015 국내석사

The content of this Thesis is the study related to the design and optimization of hydraulic fracturing treatment for transversely multi-fractured horizontal wells in shale gas formation. Unconventional reservoirs such as shale gas, tight gas… pose a uniquely different problem to those engineering exercises. Unfortunately, not many researches have been conducted so as to clarify the feasibility of applying those, which have been developed for conventional cases, to the newly discovered types of reservoirs. Not to mention that, a uniquely-appropriate approach should be developed to be solely applied to those unconventional reservoirs, to provide engineers with a systematic method to solve the problems at hand. Those aforementioned are the objectives of this Thesis. By using a production-to-fracturing approach, the economics of transversely multi-fractured horizontal wells can be optimized. This unique approach composes of two steps. The first one is to select the optimum number of stages and number of clusters by using a simple-and-accurate analytical production model, economic analysis and response surface methodology (RSM). After that, an optimum proppant and fluid schedule (slurry design) will be proposed to create hydraulic fractures (or fracture network) of which the geometries have been previously determined. The results from this study are then compared with the works of previous authors, where its major similarities and discrepancies are analyzed.

Effects of A- and B-site substitution in Lanthanum-based perovskites for energy storage applications

MAQSOOD MUHAMMAD FAHEEM Graduate School Sejong University 2023 국내석사

A high-rate supercapacitor is essential in order to achieve a sustainable future, and it has the potential to become the dominant technology in the electric world. Redox active electrode materials have the potential to meet the demand for high energy density in commercial applications. However, widespread commercialization is hindered, which is due to limited cyclic stability and slow charge storage kinetics of these materials. Extensive research efforts have consequently been dedicated to overcoming these obstacles. One promising solution lies with the utilization of perovskite oxide-based electrodes, which offer compositional and structural stability. Also, they enable the storage of hefty amounts of energy with rapid delivery capabilities, which makes them a viable alternative in regard to addressing the aforementioned challenges. Various types of lanthanum-based perovskites were prepared via the solution combustion method in this study. The effects of A-site and B-site substitution on the structural, morphological, electron densities and electrochemical behavior are thoroughly examined with the aid of X-ray diffraction, Rietveld analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and galvanometric potentiostat. La0.75Sr0.25MnO3 (LM-2) was found to be more stable with low internal strains and high specific capacitance (489 Fg-1 at 1 mVs-1 scan rate) in A-site substitutions, whereas the La0.75Sr0.25Co0.5Mn0.5O3 (LCM-2) was found to be more stable with low internal strains in B-site substitutions, which obtained the highest specific capacitance (680 Fg-1 at 1 mVs-1 scan rate) of all the prepared perovskite samples. Our study shows that LCM-2 perovskite illustrates low electron density, which is due to oxygen deficiency, and it has the potential to be utilized in the field of pseudocapacitance electrode materials, which is due to its good cyclic stability and charge storage capability.

The morality of Bhagavat Gita and Islamic Mysticisam : a comparartive study

Aban Siddique Sejong University, Graduate school of Public Polic 2018 국내석사

Morality without religion is a rather new concept. Some recent scholars have started to refer to it as ethics but democratic values of millions and millions over history unknown are bound to have some intelligence. Spiritualism, Sufism and Mysticism haven’t changed much over different eras, cultures and religions. Its strong moral teachings provide a platform of commonality in almost all religions. Hindu mysticism and Islamic Sufism might sound very different to a person who is not familiar with Sufi teachings and ideology. In this paper I have made a comparative study of these two different ideologies and have tried to pin point their commonalities and differences. In this pursuit, I have found that it is possible to compare two totally different religions through a common ground of mysticism which have existed throughout the history in almost all religions. And its teachings of morality are so fundamental that it feels like as if it’s a universal religion on its own. Mystic ontology, goals and practices have vast commonalities with all those religions that discuss and deal with metaphysical. These teachings could become a universal common ground for humanity who is starving for some ethical boundaries and guidance from within their own selves. Keywords: Sufism, morality, mysticism, Hinduism, Gita, Islam