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신규섭 한국외국어대학교 남아시아연구소 2001 남아시아연구 Vol.7 No.1
The relations between Iran and Pakistan do not date back to the early historic period only, or when Pakistan was a state of the Hakhamanish(Achaemenids, B.C.559-330) Dynasty. In fact, cultural links between two countries are deeply rooted in antiquity. The Median Empire(B.C.708-550) called first Aryans dynasty existed in the parts of Pakistan around the 8th century B.C.. The Central region of Pakistan was Sialkot situated between the border of Punjab and Kashmir. With the emergency of Zoroaster, Some of the Aryans were separated and came to the Indo-Pak Sub-continent. This article is consisted of five chapters, I : The appearance of Urdu through Persian influences, Ⅱ:The historical background of Persian Culture, Ⅲ:Persian features in Urdu, Ⅳ:Persian influences in Urdu from the grammatical aspect, Ⅴ:The influence of Persian literature on Urdu literature. ChapterⅠis focused on the origin of Urdu. Persian is mingled with the dialect of the Sub-continent and leads to the appearance of Urdu on the basis of the Sanskrit structure. Chapter Ⅱ deals with the inflow and spread of Persian in the Sub-continent. Sultan Mahmud ascended the throne of Ghazna in 998A.D.. Qutud-Din Aibak, the founder of Delhi Sultanate, was the first Muslim king of the Sub-continent. The historical survey from Sultan Mahmud to collapse of Mughal Dynasty during the 800 odd years was written in details. In chapter Ⅲ, Persian features in Urdu, Persian affected Urdu tremendously including more than 60% of vocabulary. However Persian did not create Urdu structure. This chapter mainly is tied with the phonology of Persian and Urdu among the Indo-European family of languages. Chapter Ⅳ which is divided into morphology and syntax is illustrating instances in each case. In last chapter Urdu literature is very similar to Persian literature, ranging from a poetic form and metre to a poetic matter of fact, Persian literature made contributions to foundation and formation of Arabic literature. In addition Classical Persian literature influenced greatly on Classical Greece philosophy, as well.