(A) corpus-based comparative study of stance markers in Chinese, Korean and Japanes EFL learners' argumentative writings

후정 부산외국어대학교 일반대학원 2020 국내박사

This paper reports on a study of EFL learners’ use of stance markers, which are used to express personal feelings, attitudes, judgments, or evaluation that a speaker or writer has toward the proposed information, as well as the way they present the information. For the purpose of shedding some light on English writing teaching and learning practices, the current research analyzes stance markers from grammatical, semantic, pragmatic and stylistic levels. This study follows Biber’s framework of stance, and finds that Chinese, Korean and Japanese EFL learners’ have much in common in employing stance markers in argumentative writings, while distinctive interlanguage characteristics exist as well. Generally speaking, Chinese, Korean and Japanese EFL learners overuse stance markers. Semantically, they prefer boosters to hedges, and stance markers conveying judgment to those expressing attitude. Pragmatically, EFL learners’ tend to be more direct, assertive, and authoritative when expressing stance. Stylistically, they show a preference for simple, high-frequency stance markers rather than complicated, diversified ones, which make their writings less formal. Concerning differences, Chinese EFL learners use more modal verbs than Korean, and Japanese EFL learners, while they use complement clauses controlled by verbs more like native speakers. Different from Chinese EFL learners, Korean and Japanese students use epistemic complement clauses controlled by adjectives similarly to native English students. The differences among EFL learners could be ascribed to native language transfer, different ways of thinking, as well as English writing teaching and learning practices in China, Korea and Japan. With reference to the findings, how to appropriately use stance markers by EFL learners should be an educational concern. Key Words: Stance; Stance markers; EFL learners, Argumentative writings 태도 혹은 태도표기어라는 것은 화자(저자)의 감정, 태도, 판단과 평가 그리고 언어정보구현방식이며, 외국어 학습과정에서 많은 요인의 영향을 받고 있다. 본 연구는 한국, 중국, 일본 대학생들의 논설영작문에서사용된 태도어에 관한 어법, 어의(언어 의미), 어용(언어 용도) 그리고 어체에 대한 코퍼스 기반 대조분석을 하였다. 이를 통해, 각 집단의 유사성, 차이점을 알아보고, 대학 영어 쓰기 수업에서 활용될 수 있는 접근법을 제시하려고 한다. Biber를 활용한 연구분석에서한국, 중국, 일본 대학생들의 영어태도어 분석결과 다양한 흥미로운 결과가 도출되었다. 우선, 원어민학생보다 태도표기어 사용빈도가 높으며, 어의(언어 의미)상 보면 강조어 사용빈도가 높고, 모호한 표현빈도는 상대적으로 낮았다. 흥미로운점은, 판단표기어 사용빈도가 높고, 어용(언어 용도)상 사용빈도 측면에서, 한, 중, 일 영어학습자들이 태도를 표현할때 더욱 직접적, 주관적 표현이 강한것으로 나타났다. 어체(언어 구성체)상 분석결과에 따르면, 한, 중, 일 영어학습자들이 사용빈도 높은 태도어에 많이 의지하는 편이고 입장표현을 구어체로 되는 경향이 강한것으로 나타났다. 또한, 한국과 일본학생들보다 중국학생들이 자신의 태도를 표현할때 서법 사용빈도가 상대적으로 높았다는것은 흥미로운 사실이었으며, 보어 구조를 사용한 입장 표현할때 한국, 일본학생들보다 중국대학생들이 자연스럽고 원어민수준의 표현을 하는것으로 나타났다. 형용사 보어 사용관점의 결과는 일본, 한국학생들이 원어민수준의 표현을 하는것으로 나타났다. 이러한 유사성과 차이점의 결과는 다양한 요인에 인한 것으로 추정되며, 특히 연구결과에 따르면, 모국어, 사고방식 그리고 교육환경로 귀결될 수 있다. 대학영어글쓰기 교육환경에서 태도표기어를 정확하게 사용하는 것의 중요성을 강조하는것이 중요할 수 있다는 것을 암시한다. 주요어:태도, 태도표시어, EFL학습자, 논설문 중심 영작문

중국 공동구매형 소셜커머스 이용자의 특성요인과 충동구매성향에 관한 연구 : 희소성 메시지인식의 조절효과를 중심으로

문일욱 부산외국어대학교 일반대학원 2017 국내석사

This research aims to the study of China group-buy type social commerce user characteristic factors and impulse buying tendency : focusing on scarcity message recognition. In order to verify research hypotheses, 177 cases were collected as samples and the data was tested by SPSS 12.0. The results of the research are: first, there was no difference between the impulse buying intention of the high creative group and the low creative group. Second, the impulse buying tendency of the group with high self-efficacy was different from that of the group with low self-efficacy. Third, the impulse buying tendency of the group with high collectivism is different from that of the group with low collectivism. Fourth, compared with the group with low innovation, the innovative group was more affected by the scarcity of message recognition and the impulse buying tendency is higher. Fifth, compared with the group with low self-efficacy, the group with high self-efficacy was more affected by the scarcity of message recognition and the impulse buying tendency is higher. And finally, compared with the group with low collectivism, the group with high collectivism was more affected by the scarcity of message recognition and the impulse buying tendency is higher. According to the result, it also Korean companies to enter the Chinese group-buy type social commerce market to provide favorable information. And based on the test of Korean firms, it is verifies the effect of characteristic factors ,impulse buying tendency and scarcity message recognition. This research expected to provide practical guidelines for Korean companies entering the Chinese market. 본 연구는 중국 공동구매형 소셜커머스 이용자를 대상으로 공동구매형 소셜커머스 이용자의 특성요인(혁신성, 자기효능감, 집단주의)과 중국 이용자의 충동구매성향에 관한 연구, 희소성메시지인식의 조절효과를 중심으로 연구하였다. 이러한 연구목적의 수행을 위하여 중국 공동구매형 소셜커머스 이용자의 특성요인(혁신성, 자기효능감, 집단주의), 공동구매형 소셜커머스의 희소성메시지인식, 중국 이용자들이 충동구매성향에 관한 이론적 고찰과 실증적 연구를 병행하였다. 본 연구의 구체적인 연구 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중국 공동구매형 소셜커머스 이용자의 혁신성, 자기효능감, 집단주의를 밝혔다. 둘째, 중국 공동구매형 소셜커머스 이용자의 특성요인과 충동구매성향의 관계를 실증분석을 통하여 연구했다. 셋째, 중국 공동구매형 소셜커머스 이용자의 특성요인과 충동구매성향 간의 관계에 희소성메시지인식이 어떤 조절효과를 미치는지 살펴보았다. 조사대상자는 중국 공동구매형 소셜커머스 이용자들이다. 본 연구에서는 설문조사를 활용하여 SPSS 통계 분석을 실현했다. 구체적으로 수집된 자료의 분석은 빈도분석, 신뢰도분석, 타당성분석, T-test, ANOVA, 군집분석을 이용하였다.

여행사의 서비스품질이 고객만족도에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구

유연군 부산외국어대학교 일반대학원 2017 국내석사

본 연구는 여행사의 서비스품질이 고객만족도에 영향을 미치는 결정요인이 무엇인지를 규명하고자 하는데 연구목적을 두고 있다. 연구목적의 달성을 위하여 기존문헌들을 고찰하고 이를 바탕으로 서비스품질이 고객만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인들과 관련되는 연구가설을 설정하였다. 연구 대상은 중국에 있는 중국 관광객이 186명이며 SPSS 12.0을 이용하여 가설검증을 수행하였다. 본 연구의 실증분석 결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 여행사의 서비스품질이 고객만족에 영향을 주는 요인으로는 유형성, 반응성, 신뢰성, 공감성, 확신성 요인이 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며, 유형성, 확신성, 신뢰성, 반응성, 공감성 모두 유의한 영향관계를 보이고 있다. 둘째, 유행형태에 따른 서비스품질이 고객만족에 미치는 영향의 차이에서는 유형성, 확신성, 신뢰성, 반응성과 공감성은 여행형태에 관계없이 모두 고객만족에 영향을 미치는 주요한 요인이고, 유형성은 여행형태에 따라 고객만족에 대한 영향이 차이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 확신성은 여행형태에 따라 고객만족에 대해 영향이 차이가 있는데 패키지여행보다 개별여행의 영향이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 신뢰성, 반응성, 공감성의 경우는 3개 다 여행형태에 따라 고객만족에 대한 영향이 차이가 있을 뿐만 아니라 개별여행보다 패키지여행의 영향이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다, 셋째, 성별에 따라 서비스품질이 고객만족도에 미치는 영향의 차이에서 유형성, 확신성, 신뢰성, 반응성, 공감성은 관계없이 모두 만족도에 영향을 미치는 주요한 요인이고 유형성과 확신성은 고객만족에 대한 영향이 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났고 남자보다 여자의 영향이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 반응성은 성별에 따라 고객만족에 대한 영향이 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 신뢰성과 공감성의 경우는 성별에 따라 고객만족에 대한 영향이 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났고 여자보다 남자의 영향이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 여행사 서비스 품질의 개선 및 경쟁력 강화가 지속적인 고객유치와 여행사 경영효과 극대화의 선행과제임을 밝히고 있다. 이를 위하여 지속적인 고객관리 및 서비스 품질 평가와 측정, 그리고 그 결과에 대한 대처방안의 마련이 요구되어 진다. 또한 소비자 고객만족을 높이는데 노력을 경주하여야 긍정적인 구전이 형성된다는 점을 중시해야 한다. 즉 서비스품질 제고 등 고객만족은 소비자들의 입소문을 통해 여행사의 재방문 등으로 확대될 수 있도록 해야 한다. This study drew a conclusion that the quality of services of travel agency has effect on the decision and satisfaction of customers by analyzing the reasons. In order to find out the result, this paper studied a lot of existing literatures and made a hypothesis based on the effect on customers. This thesis used SPSS12.0 to verify the hypothesis by analyzing 180 Chinese visitors. The reasons of the result would be mentioned in following paragraphs. First of all, the main factors like similarity, communality, certainty ,reliability and reactivity will have the positive effect on the satisfaction of customers in valuing the quality of travel agency. And then, there are different levels of effects on the satisfaction of customers by the following factors. According to situation of similarity, the form of traveling nearly has no difference on the effect on the satisfaction of customers while in the situation of certainty, personal tour affects more than group tour. According to situation of similarity There has no different on the effect on the satisfaction of customers by similarity. Comparing to group tour, personal tour will have greater effects on evaluation of travelers by certainty. Comparing to personal tour, group tour will have greater effects on evaluation of travelers by reliability, reactivity and communality. The last but not least, these five factors also have various effects in the gender of customers. Comparing to male travelers, female travelers will choose the agency by similarity and certainty. And Comparing to female travelers, male travelers will choose the agency by reliability and communality. But, in reactivity, here is not big difference in both. The essence of this passage was to improve the quality of travel agency and strengthen their competitiveness, helping them to maintain customers continuously and maximize the management effect. The study put forward the solution of how to have sustainable customer management and effective assessment and measurement of quality of services. Finally, this thesis hoped that travel agency could pay efforts on increasing the satisfaction and making word-of-mouth which could get customers consume again and increase new numbers of customers.

탄뎀 활동이 한국어 학습자의 말하기 능력에 미치는 효과

손양현 부산외국어대학교 일반대학원 2017 국내석사

The Tandem activity is a form of cooperative learning that a couple of students interact for the common purpose of 'target language acquisition.' Recently, diverse ways of types of courses are being developed as education institutions which adopt the Tandem activity for Korean and foreign language education increase in Korea. In Korea, however, the researches are not enough and most of the existing studies mainly discuss application of education course, analysis of lecture model, and changes in perception of a different culture. It means that studies about how the Tandem activity influences practical learning effect are hardly made. Therefore, this study examines the effect of the 'out-of-class Tandem' activity, which runs regardless of lectures in a local college in order to provide Korean language learners with an opportunity to interact with Korean native speakers, on the improvement in Korean-speaking proficiency, and it aims at suggesting effective Tandem activity plans. To achieve this purpose of the study, the thesis inspects efficient factors of the Tandem activity for Korean speaking based on a survey targeting 55 Korean language learners who participated in boarding Tandem and Tandem zone activities of college B and in-depth interviews with a Tandem tutor and 2 international students respectively from China and Japan. As a result, the fact that the Tandem activity is an useful method of improving 'interaction', 'fluency' and 'accuracy', which includes 'pronunciation' and 'intonation', in terms of advancement of speaking abilities and communication training has been verified in a survey. In addition, it has been proved that a personality, an active attitude, and topic selection of a Korean native speaker which can be regarded as the point of the Tandem activity are strongly related to the interaction of speaking through the in-depth interviews with the Tandem activity participants and a tutor. For the result of integrating the researches, the effects of boarding Tandem and Tandem zone activities outside the classroom on Korean speaking skills can be organized as follows. Firstly, the most important ability that the Tandem activity affects the communication skill for Korean language learners is the interaction ability of speech. As subcategories of the ability to interact, reactive utterance, turn-taking, thematic development, body language are implemented in sequence. Secondly, the understanding of Korean culture acquired by the Tandem activity has direct influence on the interaction skill of speech. Especially, the interaction ability caused by thematic development, turn-taking, and reactive utterance appears more actively with the improvement in the understanding of Korean culture. Thirdly, the increase in the opportunity of socializing with Korean friends and the formation of bonds between partners through Tandem activity have positive effects on speaking skills. Based on the result above, the thesis suggests several methods of an effective Tandem activity those are appropriate for development direction of target language speaking ability which is the final goal of out-of-class Tandem activities. First, the strategy that can stimulate interactive speaking should be executed in the Tandem activity. Second, integrated education including not only speaking and listening but also reading and writing should be implemented for the efficient Tandem activity. Third, the content of the Tandem activity should not be planned by an operating organization but with learners as the central figure. Fourth, the content of out-of-class Tandem activities such as boarding Tandem and Tandem zone should utilize a variety of teaching methods applied in the general classroom lectures, though they are unrelated to the lectures. Fifth, feedback with imposition of evaluation system should be implemented in order to inspect the participants' activity processes and encourage the achievement. Sixth, cultural experience in the Tandem activity should be linked to the language education. If these solutions are applied to out-of-class Tandem activities, the purpose of the Tandem activity, which forms a sense of intimacy and bonds between partners in early stages and encourages the positive interaction so that it can develop an accurate communication skill, will be accomplished. Likewise, it would obviously help the Tandem activity noted for a foreign language learning method to establish itself as the Mecca of learning that is capable of complementing Korean language education implemented in classroom.

대학교육서비스의 측정 기법의 개발과 적용에 관한 연구

신해수 부산외국어대학교 일반대학원 2019 국내박사

This study presented methods for developing and applying a technique of measuring education service provided by universities. Evaluation factors that measure university education service were selected from SERVQUAL which is a model for evaluating consumer’s awareness value and service quality. Eleven items which can measure personal identity oriented value and society oriented value that are subfactors of university education service awareness value and eight items which can measure tangibility, reliability, response and confidence that are subfactors of university education service quality. In this study, factor analysis and regression analysis were used. Relative weight of evaluation elements was elicited through AHP analysis to measure university education service and present comprehensive index. Application process of developed measuring technique was described by selecting three universities located in Busan and significant suggestions were presented. Lots of studies on evaluation of university education service have been conducted but there are few studies that applied consumer’s awareness value besides service quality to evaluation model. There are few studies that presented comprehensive index of university education service by eliciting and applying evaluation elements through AHP analysis as well. This study presented concrete methods for them. This study aims to be helpful to improvement in education service provided by universities around the country based on findings. keyword: education service, measuring technique, awareness value, service quality, AHP 본 연구에서는 대학의 교육서비스를 측정하는 기법을 개발하고 적용하는 방법을 제시하였다. 우선 대학교육서비스를 측정하는 평가요인들을 소비자의 지각가치와 서비스품질 평가모형인 SERVQUAL에서 선정하였다. 구체적으로 대학교육서비스 지각가치의 하위 평가요인인 자아지향적 가치와 사회지향적 가치를 측정할 수 있는 11개의 측정항목과 대학교육서비스 품질의 하위 평가요인인 유형성, 신뢰성, 응답성, 확신성을 측정할 수 있는 8개의 측정항목이 개발되었으며 요인분석과 회귀분석이 사용되었다. 그리고 대학교육서비스를 측정하고 하나의 종합적인 지수를 제시하기 위해 각 평가요소들의 상대적 가중치를 AHP 분석을 통해서 도출하였다. 마지막으로 부산 소재의 사례대학 3곳을 선정하여 개발된 측정기법의 적용과정을 설명하였으며 의미 있는 시사점을 제시하였다. 대학교육서비스의 평가와 관련하여 많은 연구가 진행되고 있지만, 서비스품질의 평가모형 외에 소비자의 지각가치를 평가모형에 함께 적용한 논문은 찾기 힘들다. 또한 AHP 분석을 통해서 평가요소들의 가중치를 도출하고 적용하여 대학교육서비스의 종합지수를 제시한 연구는 더욱 찾기 힘들다. 본 연구에서는 이에 대한 구체적인 방법을 제시하였으며 이를 바탕으로 전국 대학들의 교육서비스에 대한 질적 발전에 도움이 되고자 한다. 주요어: 교육서비스, 측정 기법, 지각가치, 서비스품질, AHP

베트남에서 한국학과의 문화교육수업이 학습만족도, 언어교육 및 학습성과에 미치는 영향 분석 : 호찌민인문사회과학대학교 한국학과 중심으로

딘티리번 부산외국어대학교 일반대학원 2019 국내박사

본 논문에서는 호찌민인사대 한국학과의 문화교육수업과 교육과정, 교원자질, 교육환경, 학업자의 자기효능감 간의 관계를 분석하여 문화교육수업과 언어교육의 질, 학습성과와 학습만족도 간의 관계를 통계분석 기법을 활용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 첫째, 문화교육수업에 영향을 주는 요인이 무엇인지 알아보고자 한다. 둘째, 문화교육수업과 언어교육, 문화교육수업과 학습만족도; 문화교육수업과 학습성과; 학습성과와 학습만족도 간의 관계를 분석하도록 한다. 셋째, 이 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 호찌민인사대 한국학과 교육을 비롯하여 문화교육수업의 질을 향상시키는 제안을 모색할 것이다. 이를 위해서 호찌민인사대 한국학과 학생 252명을 대상으로 2018년도 설문조사를 실시하였으며 요인 간 관계분석을 위해 구조방정식 모형을 이용하였다. 분석 결과에 따라 문화교육수업에 미치는 영향력은 교육과정이 β= 1.00 (p<.001), 교원자질이 β= 1.103 (p<.001), 교육환경이 β= .812 (p<.001), 학업자의 자기효능감이 β= 1.057 (p<.001), 언어교육수업이 β= .753 (p< .001)로 나타나 교육과정, 교원자질, 교육환경 및 학업자의 자기효능감은 문화교육수업에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타난다. 그리고 문화교육수업이 학습성과에 미치는 영향력은 β= .643 (p<.001), 학습만족도에 미치는 영향력은 β= .610 (p<.001), 언어교육에 미치는 영향력은 β= .753 (p<.001)으로 나타나 문화교육수업이 학습만족도, 언어교육, 학습성과에 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한, 학습성과가 학습만족도에 미치는 영향력은 β= .211 (p<.001)로 나타나 학습성과와 학습만족도가 밀접한 관계가 있는 것을 알 수 있다. 그러므로 문화교육수업의 질을 개선하기 위하여 교육과정, 교육환경, 교원자질 및 학습자의 자기효능감과 같은 요소들의 질을 높여야 한다. 그리고 본 연구에서 사용된 측정도구가 전 베트남 한국학과 교육에 대한 사례에 적용할 가능성이 보인다. 주제어: 호찌민인문사회과학대학교, 한국학과, 문화교육수업, 교육과정, 교원자질, 교육환경, 학업자의 자기효능감, 학습성과, 언어교육, 학습만족도 This study aims to analyze the relationship between cultural education and other factors such as curriculum, quality of teachers, quality of educational environment, self-efficacy of students with the case of Korean Studies of Ho Chi Minh City University of Social Sciences and Humanities. This study analyzed the correlation between cultural education and language education; cultural education and learning satisfaction; cultural education and learning outcomes; learning outcomes and learning satisfaction. Based on the analysis this study intended to propose the way to improve the quality of cultural education at the Korean Studies of Ho Chi Minh City University of Social Sciences and Humanities. The data collection was conducted with a questionnaire survey of 252 students from Korean Studies of Ho Chi Minh City University of Social Sciences and Humanities in 2018, and the structural equation model was used to analyze the relationship between the factors. According to the results of analysis, the influence of cultural education on curriculum was β= 1.00 (p <.001), quality of teachers was β= 1.103 (p <.001), and educational environment was β= .812 (p<.001), and self-efficacy of students was β= 1.057 (p <.001), and language education was β= .753 (p<.001). The analysis confirms that learning satisfaction, language education, and learning outcomes have correlated with cultural education. The unstandardized coefficients of cultural education to learning outcomes was β= .643 (p<.001), learning satisfaction was β= .610 (p <.001). It confirms that cultural education affects learning satisfaction, language education, and learning outcomes. In addition, The unstandardized coefficients of learning outcomes to learning satisfaction was β= .211 (p<.001), which indicates that learning outcomes and learning satisfaction are closely related. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of cultural education, quality of factors such as curriculum, educational environment, quality of teachers, and self-efficacy of students should be improved. And the measurement tools used in this study could be applicable to the other cases of Korean studies education in Vietnam.

부산 지역 한국어 학습자의 부산 방언에 대한 인식 조사 연구 : 20대 부산 방언 화자의 발음을 중심으로

응웬 마이 뀐 부산외국어대학교 일반대학원 2022 국내석사

The study investigate how international students of Korean language living in the area of Busan perceive the pronunciation Busan inhabitant's aged 20s. Compared to the Standard Korean Language (Seoul), the Busan dialect has some unique characteristics. Therefore, foreigners who are used to Korean national language for instance Seoul find it more difficult to communicate with Busan locals. This would be a significant obstacle for international students to start a life here. Studies on the Busan dialect mostly focus on examining and analyzing the traditional aspects of Busan language. To serve as the theoretical foundation for the research in question, section 2 provides a review of literature and summarizes, the pronunciation features of the Busan dialect based on the findings of previous studies. Therefore, based on the result of section 2, the purpose of the section 3 is to consider whether the traditional features are still used by people in the age of 20 on a daily basis or not. Through the collection and analysis of recorded date, local people in Busan aged 20s tend to pronounce vowels and consonants similarly to Standard Language. n section 4, a survey was carried out online in the form of a questionnaire on 97 international students who are currently living in Busan about how they perceive the local dialect in this area, especially the pronunciation of people aged 20s. To some extent, personal experience of a person would attribute to the formation of his/her language awareness. For this reason, in order to enhance the adaption process of international students to Busan dialect, Korean language programmes in the local area should arrange introductory classes as a mean to introduce Korean culture as well as their language to international students. This study is expected to contribute to the improvement of research on local dialects in general and serves as a reference document for researchers who share the same interest in the subject in particular.

태권도 동작을 이용한 자세교정 운동프로그램에 관한 연구

백종명 부산외국어대학교 일반대학원 2020 국내박사

Research object in this study was 173 male·female teenage students who resided in Busan Metropolitan City and Geoje City. This study was to execute the exercise on correction of posture by using Taekwondo motions twice a week through total 16 times for 8 weeks by randomly dividing the research object into MIM group, MIT group, TIM group, and TIT group. And, this study consisted of Control group which did not conduct any exercise. This study was to use the digital camera(EOS 1000D, CANON, Japan) and postural analysis program(Posture pro 7, Ventura Designs, U.S.A) as measurement tools. In addition, this study was to execute the one-way analysis of variance(One-way ANOVA) in order to investigate the difference in the posture among the groups. And thus, this study was to execute the matching sample t-test(paired t-test) in order to investigate the effect of each exercise on the correction of posture in comparison between before exercise and after exercise. To investigate what difference might have on the effect of exercise in each group, this study was to execute the analysis of covariance(ANCOVA test). 1. Change in Left and right tilt of the neck The variation of Left and right tilt of the neck in MIT group was larger that that of MIM group(p<0.01). On the contrary, there was no variation between MIM group and TIM group and TIT group, between MIT group and TIM group and TIT group, and between TIM group and TIT group. 2. Change in Front and back tilt of the neck From the change in Front and back tilt of the neck, the exercise of MIM, MIT, TIM, and TIT were effective in all groups. As a result of checking the whether there was difference in the change in Front and back tilt of the neck by type of exercise, there was no difference in the variation among MIM group, MIT group, TIM group, and TIT group. 3. Change in Left and right tilt of shoulder This study has found out that the variation of Left and right tilt of shoulder in MIT group was larger than that of MIM group(p<0.05). And, this study has shown that the variation of Left and right tilt of shoulder in TIM group was larger than that of MIM group(p<0.05). On the contrary, there was no variation between MIM group and TIT group. In addition, there was no difference in the variation between MIT group and TIM group and TIT group, and between TIM group and TIT group. To conclude, this researcher considers it as Manual isotonic exercise(MIT) from the exercise program on correction of posture by using Taekwondo can be more effective exercise on the correction of Left and right tilt of the neck, correction of Front and back tilt of the neck, and correction of Left and right tilt of shoulder. And thus, Thera-band isometric exercise(TIM) is effective, and followed as Thera-band isotonic exercise(TIT) is effective. On the other hand, Manual isometric exercise(MIM) had no effect except Front and back tilt of the neck correction of posture.

베트남 이주노동자 대상 한국어능력시험(TOPIK II) 대비반 운영 현황 연구 : 부산·김해 지역을 중심으로

응웬티미 부산외국어대학교 일반대학원 2018 국내석사

In 1990s, there was a shortage of human resources in the small and medium enterprises in Korea. To solve this problem, since 1993, the government has allowed the application of traineeship in the industrial sector for foreigners, whom one year later will be offically admitted to work in Korea. In August 2004, Korea began to authorize work license for foreign workers (which is ESP). According to that, domestic companies which don‘t have enough human resources would be legally allowed to recuit foreign workers. Howerver, foreign workers mainly came from China, Vietnam, Phillipnes, Banglades, Uzbekistan... According to stastics in recent years, the foreign workers from China takes the highest percentage, Vietnam stands the second place. From 2016, Vietnamese people who work and live in Korea reached 72000 people. In April 2014, the Korea government promulgated incentive policy of supporting non-professional (E9) foreign workers who can switch to E7 (Specially Designated Activities) to encourage foreign workers to work and live in Korea. One of the required conditions is: Certificate of Korean language ability level 3 or above. Therefore, the need to study Topik (Test of proficiency in Korea) for foreign workers has increased in recent years. This thesis will analyse current learning-Topik status of Vietnamse workers in Korea, specifically Vietnamese workers in Busan-Gimhae. The author has conducted a survey on weekend class, self-study progress of Vietnamese workers in Busan Catholic workers centers and founded some existed limitations and proposed some solutions. This thesis includes 4 chapters: Chapter 1 states the necessity of this study as well as methodology and literature review. Chapter 2 states study context and history of Test of proficiency in Korea and learning-Korean status of foreigners. Chaper 3 presents the result of convey on Topik class through following categories: textbooks, teaching facility, study program and satisfication level of student and states the existed limitations. Chapter 4 presents important teaching goals and suggests solutions to overcome learning Topik and Korean problem for Vietnamese workers. Chaper 5: conclusion.

맞춤형 중국어 학습을 위한 ICT 활용 방안 설계 및 개발 연구 : 챗봇을 중심으로

고권태 부산외국어대학교 일반대학원 2022 국내박사

4차 산업혁명 시대에 발맞춰 기술의 비약적인 발전과 COVID-19로 인한 갑작스러운 온라인/비대면 수업의 활성화로 교수자와 학습자 간의 의사소통이 중심이 되는 중국어 학습에 제약이 많이 따르고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 온라인/비대면 상황에서 중국어 학습자에게 맞는 맞춤형 교육을 제공하고자 한다. 이를 위해, 적합한 교수-학습법인 ‘개별화 맞춤형 학습’과 ‘과업중심 교수학습법’을 적용하여 챗봇을 활용한 맞춤형 중국어 교육 방안을 설계하고자 하였다. 먼저 기존의 ICT 활용한 외국어 교육 방법과 외국어 교육에서 챗봇을 활용한 사례를 조사 및 분석하였다. 또 중국 내에서의 챗봇 관련 연구 또한 살펴보았다. 중국어 교육과 관련된 챗봇 연구가 전무하였기 때문에 영어 교육을 중심으로 이루어진 챗봇을 활용한 교수-학습방안 연구 사례들을 분석하여 중국어 교수-학습방안을 설계하였다. 특히 본 연구는 맞춤형 학습법과 과업중심 교수학습법을 활용하였고, 챗봇을 활용한 맞춤형 중국어 교육 방안을 설계하였다. 마지막으로 비전문가인 교수자들이 다양한 챗봇 플랫폼을 사용하여 쉽게 중국어 교육용 챗봇 개발을 할 수 있는 방법에 대해서 소개하였다. 본 연구의 연구 문제는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 챗봇을 활용하기 적합한 중국어 교수-학습방안은 무엇인가? 둘째, 기존의 ICT를 활용한 외국어 교육 방안은 무엇인가, 그 연구 결과는 어떠한가? 셋째, 외국어 교육에서 챗봇을 활용한 사례는 무엇인가, 그 현황은 어떠한가? 넷째, 중국 내에서 챗봇을 활용한 교육 사례는 무엇인가, 어떤 추세로 나타나고 있는가? 다섯째, 맞춤형 중국어 교육용 챗봇의 설계 원리와 개발 절차는 무엇인가? 여섯째, 맞춤형 중국어 교육용 챗봇의 기능과 대화 모델 유형은 어떻게 구성할 수 있는가? 일곱째, 맞춤형 중국어 교육용 챗봇의 개발 및 구현 방안은 무엇인가? 여덟째, 개발한 챗봇의 프로토타입을 활용한 중국어 수업 절차 모형은 무엇인가? 아홉째, 개발한 챗봇의 프로토타입을 활용한 중국어 수업 교수-학습 프로세스는 무엇인가? 마지막으로 개발한 챗봇의 프로타입을 활용한 교수-학습 과정 세부 계획안은 무엇인가? 이와 같은 연구 문제를 토대로 한 연구 진행 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 맞춤형 중국어 교육용 챗봇 프로토타입을 설계 및 개발하였다. 미래 외국어 교육은 학습자를 중심이어야 한다, 학습자 개인이 좋아하고 즐기는 분야를 찾도록 도와주어야 하며, 이를 통해 개인적 기호를 반영하여 학습 내용을 중심으로 그 내용을 이해하고 적용하며 문제를 해결하는 과제 중심의 언어교육이 이루어져야 한다. 이러한 교육을 실행하는 방법으로 본 연구에서는 챗봇을 활용한 맞춤형 중국어 학습을 위한 챗봇 프로토타입을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서는 맞춤형 중국어 교육용 챗봇 프로토타입의 개발 절차는 ‘개발에 관련된 선행 연구 고찰, 선행 연구를 통한 기존 챗봇의 특징과 장단점 분석, 교과 과정을 기반으로 한 챗봇 기능 구성, 챗봇의 기반이 될 서책 분석, 챗봇 개발, 챗봇 프로토타입 완성, 챗봇 프로토타입 수정 및 보완, 챗봇 프로토타입 테스트’ 의 순서로 진행하였다. 먼저 챗봇 프로토타입의 설계 원리는 기존의 대화형 챗봇 개발 원리에 대한 선행연구를 바탕으로 하였다. 중국어 교육을 위한 교수-학습방안을 고려하고, 챗봇 개발 목적에 부합하는 알고리즘의 선택하였고, 그리고 외국어 학습의 관점에서 개발할 챗봇의 유형을 선택하고, 관련 개발 원리를 도출하였다. 앞선 연구 결과를 바탕으로 챗봇 개발에 유의한 플랫폼을 ‘카카오톡’, ‘Closer.ai’, ‘Google Dialogflow’로 선정하였다. 이를 사용하여 복잡하고 어려운 코딩을 하지 않고도 직관적이고 쉬운 챗봇 제작 방안을 제시하고 그 구현한 결과를 설명하고자 하였다. 또 언어기능별로 구현 결과를 챗봇을 활용한 중국어 수업을 설계할 때 활용 가능한 시나리오를 구현 결과물과 함께 설명하였다. 이를 통하여 교수자가 중국어 교수-학습방안을 설계할 때 언어기능별로 도입부에 대한 예시를 보고 챗봇과 학습자가 간의 대화 흐름을 파악할 수 있도록 하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구에서 개발한 챗봇들을 활용한 중국어 수업 방안을 과업중심 교수-학습법을 중심으로 수업 절차 모형을 개발하고 교수-학습 프로세스를 수립하였다. 또한 이를 활용한 세부계획안을 1차시-2차시로 나누어 상세히 서술하였다. 특히, 본 연구에서는 실제 수업을 예시로 구현하였으며, 국내 대학의 중국어 전공 회화 수업 중 초급 수준의 학습자를 대상으로 하는 수업에서 챗봇을 활용한 과업중심 수업 절차 모형이 어떻게 적용되고 운영하는지를 제시하였다. 실제 국내 대학의 초급 중국어 회화수업을 예시로 들어 상세 교수 학습과정안을 제작하였다. 본 연구는 대학의 중국어 교육 현장에서 활용할 수 있는 중국어 학습 목적형 챗봇을 활용하는 교수학습방안과 세부 교육계획안 및 활용방안을 살펴보았다. 중국어 교육에서 챗봇을 활용한 연구는 아직 시작 단계에 불과하다. 영어 교육에 비해 챗봇을 활용한 중국어 교육에 관한 관심과 연구는 활성화되지 않았다. 이에 본 연구가 중국어 교육에서 ICT 활용방안 연구의 시작점이 되어 향후 활발한 연구 환경이 조성되길 기대한다. In line with the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, the rapid development of technology and the sudden activation of online/non-face-to-face classes due to COVID-19 are putting a lot of restrictions on Chinese learning, centered on communication between instructors and learners. Therefore, this study aims to provide customized education for Chinese learners in online/non-face-to-face situations. To this end, we tried to design a customized Chinese education plan using chatbots by applying 'individualized customized learning' and 'task-based teaching and learning methods', which are suitable teaching-learning methods. First, the existing foreign language education method using ICT and cases using chatbots in foreign language education were investigated and analyzed. In addition, research on chatbots in China was also examined. Since there was no chatbot study related to Chinese education, Chinese teaching-learning plans were designed by analyzing examples of teaching-learning methods using chatbots centered on English education. In particular, this study used customized learning methods and task-based teaching and learning methods, and designed customized Chinese education plans using chatbots. Finally, non-experts instructors introduced how to easily develop chatbots for Chinese education using various chatbot platforms. The research problems of this study are as follows. First, what is a Chinese teaching-learning plan suitable for using chatbots? Second, what are the foreign language education plans using existing ICT, and what are the results of the study? Third, what are the examples of using chatbots in foreign language education, and what is the current status? Fourth, what are the examples of education using chatbots in China and what trends are emerging? Fifth, what are the design principles and development procedures of customized Chinese education chatbots? Sixth, how can the functions and conversation model types of chatbots for customized Chinese education be organized? Seventh, what are the ways to develop and implement customized Chinese language education chatbots? Eighth, what is the Chinese class procedure model using the prototype of the chatbot developed? Ninth, what is the Chinese teaching-learning process using the prototype of the chatbot you developed? Finally, what is the detailed plan for the teaching-learning process using the chatbot's profile developed? The results of the research based on such research problems are as follows. First, a chatbot prototype for customized Chinese education was designed and developed. Future foreign language education should be centered on learners, helping individual learners find areas they like and enjoy, and through this, task-oriented language education should be conducted to understand, apply, and solve problems by reflecting personal preferences. As a way to implement this education, this study developed a chatbot prototype for customized Chinese learning using chatbots. In this study, the procedure for developing a chatbot prototype for customized Chinese education is It was conducted in the order of "consideration of prior research related to development, analysis of characteristics and pros and cons of existing chatbots through prior research, composition of chatbot functions based on the curriculum, book analysis based on chatbot, chatbot development, chatbot prototype completion, chatbot prototype revision and chatbot prototype test." First, the design principle of the chatbot prototype was based on previous studies on the existing interactive chatbot development principle. Teaching-learning methods for Chinese education were considered, algorithms suitable for the purpose of developing chatbots were selected, types of chatbots to be developed from the perspective of foreign language learning, and related development principles were derived. Based on the results of the previous study, significant platforms for chatbot development were selected as 'Kakao Talk', 'Closer.ai', and 'Google Dialogflow'. Using this, we tried to present an intuitive and easy chatbot production method without complicated and difficult coding and explain the implementation results. In addition, the implementation results for each language function were explained along with the implementation results that can be used when designing Chinese classes using chatbots. Through this, when the instructor designs a Chinese teaching-learning plan, it is possible to understand the flow of conversation between the chatbot and the learner by looking at an example of the introduction for each language function. Finally, a Chinese teaching method using chatbots developed in this study developed a teaching-learning process was developed focusing on the task-oriented teaching-learning method and established a teaching-learning process was established. In addition, detailed plans using this were divided into 1st and 2nd sessions and described in detail. In particular, this study implemented actual classes as an example, and presented how the task-oriented instructional procedure model using chatbots is applied and operated in classes for beginner-level learners during conversation classes in Chinese majors at domestic universities. In fact, a detailed teaching and learning process was produced using beginner Chinese conversation classes at domestic universities as an example. This study examined teaching and learning plans, detailed education plans, and utilization plans using chatbots for Chinese learning purposes that can be used in the Chinese education field of universities. Research using chatbots in Chinese education is still only in its infancy. Compared to English education, interest and research on Chinese education using chatbots were not activated. Therefore, it is hoped that this study will be the starting point for research on how to use ICT in Chinese education, and an active research environment will be created in the future.