치매노인들의 공간인지와 보행행태, 동네 만족도에 영향을 미치는 근린환경특성 분석 : 용인시 기흥구 신갈동을 대상으로

박주현 공주대학교 일반대학원 2020 국내석사

As the aging society increases, the number of dementia patients, one of the senile diseases, is increasing. Accordingly, research on dementia has been actively conducted in various fields. In addition, in order to overcome the problem of dementia, various policies such as the national responsibility system for dementia have been introduced, but in reality, the scope of such activities is limited, such as expansion of welfare facilities and improvement of program projects. In a situation where improvement measures for the elderly with dementia to live together in the neighborhood as members of society are vague, this study examined the behavioral characteristics of the elderly with dementia in the neighborhood to solve the dementia problem at the urban planning level. Accordingly, this study intended to develop a dementia-friendly neighborhood environment. Specifically, the area of ​​cognitive perception by the elderly with dementia, urban image, sphere of neighborhood life, walking behavior, neighborhood environmental factors affecting way-finding behavioand neighborhood environment affecting neighborhood satisfaction and quality of life. Based on analysis of these, the neighborhood environmental characteristics necessary for a dementia-friendly neighborhood environment were derived. This study analyzed the differences between spatial cognition factors and intelligibility between the elderly and the elderly with dementia. As a result, the two groups showed statistically significant differences in the elements with selective characteristics such as education, play, and rest. These results show that the range of selective activities is more limited in the elderly with dementia than in the general elderly because of the physical and mental characteristics of elderly with dementia and simple lifestyles. As a result of comparing the cognitive characteristics according to the cognitive map of the elderly and the elderly with dementia in the spatial type related to the development of cognitive ability, the elderly with dementia were 'scattered 42.86%' and 'mosaic 14.29%'. In the case of 'scattered', the elderly people tended to perceive the neighborhood centered on special landscapes, places, and landmarks, and it was confirmed that Kevin Lynch was highly aware of the 'landmark' element among the five city image elements. As a result, the elderly with dementia are considered to be aware of the space around factors that are meaningful or important to them. Next, we compared and analyzed GPS mapping drawings constructed based on our neighborhood range mapping data and daily logs to derive the difference in the range of pedestrian life and the characteristics of pedestrian behavior between the elderly and elderly with dementia. As a result of the analysis, 41.66% of elderly with dementia people only perceived the inside as our neighborhood. Compared to the general elderly (27.27%), it was found that the elderly with dementia had a smaller range of living than the elderly. After analyzing the actual range of activity using our neighborhood range mapping data and GPS data, the general elderly recognized about 21.8ha as their neighborhood in the perceived neighborhood range, and this was about 18.2ha for the elderly with dementia. In addition, as a result of analyzing the actual range of activities established based on the daily logs, the average range of activity of the elderly was 5.5ha, and the range of activity of the elderly with dementia was 4.4ha. The two groups differed in the perceived range of neighborhood life and actual walking activity, and the elderly with dementia perceived range of neighborhood life and walking activity were narrower than those of the elderly. In addition, there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the walking distance according to the walking patterns. In addition, most of the facilities used in the neighborhood were using only welfare facilities, and the variety of facilities used was low. There was no statistical difference in the way-finding ability assessed by each individual with respect to way-finding, but valuating individual path finding ability in the third person perspective during the companion investigation, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in finding a destination and being confused. In addition, the dementia elderly took more time to find their route in the neighborhood, and the average walking speed was also slower than that of the general elderly. Regarding factors of path finding in the neighborhood, factors such as pedestrian environment, intersection, and roadway affected the path finding for the elderly with dementia, and it was found that the path was searched around specific facilities (landmarks). In addition, regarding finding a route in the neighborhood, the general elderly found routes mainly by reference to facilities, compared to finding a route using various criteria such as signs, buildings, streets, and places. These results indicate that the dementia elderly have poor spatial cognitive ability in the pathfinding process, and the neighborhood environment affects the dementia of the elderly. Regarding the neighborhood environment characteristics affecting the neighborhood satisfaction and quality of life of the elderly and elderly with dementia by using the structural equation model, the elderly people with dementia showed low neighborhood satisfaction and quality of life. In addition, the higher the comfort and familiarity, the higher the neighborhood satisfaction and quality of life. Next, we analyzed the neighborhood environment characteristics affecting neighborhood satisfaction by classifying the elderly and the elderly of dementia through the ordinal logistic regression analysis. As a result, the general elderly showed comfort and accessibility as a neighborhood environmental factor positively affecting the satisfaction of the neighborhood, and the showed that the comfort and familiarity affected the elderly of dementia. The two groups had a high level of satisfaction with the neighborhood when they felt comfortable in the neighborhood, and the general elderly had a higher level of satisfaction with the accessibility of major facilities appear. On that basis, it is judged that the neighborhood environment characteristics of accessibility had an effect on neighborhood satisfaction because the elderly had a higher chance of accessing various services in the neighborhood than the elderly with dementia. In the case of the elderly with dementia, the neighborhood environment characteristics of familiarity affected the satisfaction with the neighborhood because they were sensitive to changes in the environment and memory loss. 고령화에 따른 노령인구의 증가로 노인성 질환 중 하나인 치매 환자의 수도 함께 증가하고 있으며, 이에 따라 여러 분야에서 치매 관련 연구들이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 또한 치매 문제를 극복하기 위해 국가 차원에서는 치매국가책임제 등 다양한 정책이 도입되고 있지만, 실상은 복지시설의 확충 및 프로그램 사업의 개선 등 그 범위가 한정되어 나타나고 있다. 사회 구성원으로서 동네에서 함께 생활해야 할 치매노인에 대한 개선방안이 막연한 상황에서 본 연구는 치매 문제를 도시 계획적 차원에서 해결하기 위해 근린 내에서 나타나는 치매노인들의 행태 특성을 파악하고 치매친화적인 근린환경 조성방안을 마련하기 위한 연구를 진행하였다. 구체적으로 근린 내 치매노인들이 실제 인지하는 공간인지 구성요소 및 도시 심상이미지, 근린생활권 범위와 보행행태 특성, 길 찾기 행동에 영향을 미치는 근린 내 환경요인 그리고 동네 만족도와 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 근린환경특성을 분석하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 치매 친화적인 근린환경 조성에 있어 필요한 근린환경특성들을 도출하였다. 본 연구에서는 일반노인과 치매노인의 공간인지 요소 및 명료도의 차이를 분석하였으며, 그 결과 두 집단은 명료도와 함께 교육요소, 놀이 및 휴게요소 같은 선택적인 특성을 갖는 요소에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 치매노인의 경우 신체적, 정신적인 특성과 일정한 생활패턴으로 인해 일반노인보다 선택적 활동요소의 인지 영역이 한정적임을 보여준다. 일반노인과 치매노인의 인지도에 따른 인지 특성을 인지 발달과 연관이 있는 공간적 유형으로 비교한 결과, 치매노인의 경우 산재형 42.86%, 모자이크형 14.29%로 나타났다. 치매노인에게서 가장 많이 나타난 산재형의 경우 구체적인 결과를 살펴보면 치매노인의 경우 동네를 특수한 경관, 장소, 지표물 등을 중심으로 인지하는 성향이 강하게 나타났으며, 케빈 린치의 도시이미지 5요소 중 랜드마크 요소를 높게 인지하고 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 결과적으로 치매노인은 위상적으로 본인에게 의미 있거나 중요한 특징을 갖는 요소를 중심으로 공간을 인지하고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 다음으로 일반노인과 치매노인의 근린생활권 범위와 보행행태 특성 차이를 도출하기 위해 우리 동네 범위 매핑자료와 통행일지를 기반으로 구축된 GPS 매핑 도면을 비교 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 치매노인의 경우 41.66%가 단지내부를 우리 동네로 인지하고 있었는데, 일반노인의 경우(27.27%)와 비교하면 치매노인이 일반노인보다 생활영역의 범위가 작다는 것을 알 수 있다. 이어서 우리 동네 범위 매핑자료와 GPS 자료를 활용한 실제 활동 범위를 분석한 결과, 인지된 동네 범위에서 일반노인은 약 21.8ha를 우리 동네라고 인지하고 있었으며, 치매노인의 경우 약 18.2ha를 우리 동네라고 인지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 통행일지를 기반으로 구축된 실질적인 활동범위를 분석한 결과 일반노인은 5.5ha로 나타났으며, 치매노인의 활동범위는 4.4ha로 나타났다. 이처럼 인지된 근린생활권 범위와 실제 보행 활동 범위에서 두 집단은 차이가 나타났으며, 치매노인의 경우 일반노인에 비해 인지하고 있는 근린생활권 범위와 보행 활동 범위 모두 좁은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 보행 패턴에 따른 이동거리에서도 두 집단은 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었으며, 두 집단의 전체적인 보행 패턴과 주요 이용시설을 중첩해서 비교한 결과, 치매노인의 경우 실제 활동하는 반경이 좁고 사회적 활동이 일반노인에 비해 일관된 패턴으로 나타났다. 또한 근린 내에서 이용하는 시설을 보면 대부분 복지시설만을 이용하고 있었으며, 이용하고 있는 시설의 다양성이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 길 찾기와 관련하여 각 개인이 스스로 평가한 길 찾기 능력은 통계적으로 차이가 없었으나 동행조사 과정에서 조사원들이 개별 길 찾기 능력을 3인칭 관점에서 평가한 결과 목적지를 찾는 것과 혼란스러운 모습에서 두 집단 간 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 치매노인의 경우 근린 내 길을 찾는데 소요된 시간이 일반노인보다 길었으며, 평균 보행속도 또한 일반노인과 비교하였을 때 느린 것으로 나타났다. 근린 내 길 찾기 영향요인을 분석한 결과 치매노인의 경우 보행환경과 교차로, 대로와 같은 요인이 길 찾기에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 특정 시설물(랜드마크)을 중심으로 길을 찾는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 근린 내에서 길을 찾는 기준에서도 일반노인의 경우 간판, 건물, 가로, 장소와 같은 여러 가지 기준을 활용하여 길을 찾는 것에 비해 치매노인은 주로 시설을 중심으로 길을 찾는 모습이 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 치매노인의 경우 길 찾기 과정에서 공간인지 능력이 떨어지며, 근린환경이 치매노인의 길 찾기에 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다. 일반노인과 치매노인의 동네 만족도 및 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 근린환경특성을 구조방정식 모형을 활용하여 분석한 결과, 치매노인의 경우 동네 만족도와 삶의 질이 낮게 나타났으며, 근린환경특성 중 편안함과 익숙함이 높을수록 동네만족도와 삶의 질이 높게 나타났다. 이어서 일반노인과 치매노인을 구분하여 동네 만족도에 영향을 미치는 근린환경특성을 순서형 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 분석하였다. 분석결과, 일반노인의 경우 동네 만족도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 근린환경요소로 편안함과 접근성이 나타났으며, 치매노인의 경우 편안함과 익숙함이 영향을 미치는 요소로 나타났다. 두 집단에서 공통적으로 근린 내에서 편안함을 느끼면 동네에 대한 만족도가 높았으며, 일반노인의 경우 주요 시설의 접근성이 높을수록 동네 만족도가 높았고 치매노인은 동네가 익숙하다고 느낄수록 동네에 대한 만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 일반노인의 경우 근린 내 다양한 서비스를 접할 기회가 치매노인보다 높기 때문에 접근성이라는 근린환경특성이 동네 만족도에 영향을 미친 것으로 판단되며, 치매노인의 경우에는 치매노인의 특성상 환경의 변화와 기억 손실에 민감하기 때문에 익숙함이라는 근린환경특성이 동네 만족도에 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다.

대학생의 자기초점주의 성향과 대학 생활 적응의 관계 : 대인관계 유능성의 매개효과

전지은 공주대학교 일반대학원 2021 국내석사

본 연구는 대학생의 자기초점주의와 대학 생활 적응의 관계에서 대인관계 유능성의 매개효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 전국 대학교 1∼4학년 남녀 학생을 대상으로 온라인 설문을 실시하여 211명의 자료를 분석하였다. 연구 문제는 다음과 같이 제시하였다. 첫째, 대학생의 자기초점주의의 일반적 자기초점주의와 자기몰입, 대학 생활 적응, 대인관계 유능성은 어떤 관계가 있는가? 둘째, 대학생의 자기초점주의의 일반적 자기초점주의와 자기몰입은 대학 생활 적응과 대인관계 유능성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가? 셋째, 대학생의 자기초점주의의 일반적 자기초점주의와 자기몰입과 대학 생활 적응 간의 관계에서 대인관계 유능성이 매개 역할을 하는가? 각 변인의 측정도구는 다음과 같다. 이지영과 권석만(2005)이 개발한 자기초점주의 성향 척도(SDSAS), Baker와 Siryk(1989)가 개발하고 이윤정(1999)이 번안하고 수정한 대학 생활 적응척도(SACQ), Buhrmester, Furman, Wittenberg와 Reis(1988)가 개발한 대인관계능력 검사지(Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire: ICQ)를 한나리와 이동귀(2010)가 한국 대학생들을 대상으로 번안하여 타당화한 한국판 대인관계 유능성 척도(K-ICQ)를 사용하였다. 통계분석을 위해 IBM SPSS 22.0를 사용하여 빈도분석, 내적합치도(Cronbach’s α) 산출, 기술통계 분석, 왜도와 첨도 확인, Pearson의 상관분석, 다중선형회귀분석과 Baron & Kenny의 매개회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 자기초점주의는 방향성이 다른 2개의 하위요인으로 구성되어 있어서 전체 합으로 구하지 않고 서로 다른 두 성향을 각각의 독립변인으로 분석하였다. 첫째, 일반적 자기초점주의는 대학 생활 적응과 정적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 자기몰입은 대학 생활 적응과 부적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 일반적 자기초점주의는 대인관계 유능성과 정적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 자기몰입은 대인관계 유능성과 부적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 대학 생활 적응과 대인관계 유능성은 정적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 일반적 자기초점주의보다 자기몰입이 대학 생활 적응에 상대적으로 높은 부적 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 대인관계 유능성에 대해서는 자기몰입보다 일반적 자기초점주의가 상대적으로 높은 정적 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 일반적 자기초점주의와 자기몰입과 대학 생활 적응과의 관계에서 대인관계 유능성의 매개효과는 통계적으로 유의하다고 검증되었다. 일반적 자기초점주의와 대학 생활 적응과의 관계에서 대인관계 유능성은 완전 매개효과가 나타났고, 자기몰입과 대학 생활 적응과의 관계에서 대인관계 유능성은 부분 매개효과가 나타냈다. 본 연구는 대학생의 자기초점주의와 대학 생활 적응, 대인관계 유능성의 관계를 실증적으로 검증하였으며, 자기초점주의의 방향성이 다른 두 가지 성향이 각각 대학 생활 적응과 대인관계 유능성에 미치는 영향과 관계에 있어서 중요한 매개효과를 확인하였다. 이는 대학생들의 상담 장면에서 자기초점주의 성향을 지닌 대학생들이 불안이나 우울을 경험할 때, 대인관계 유능성에 중심을 두고 개입하는 것이 효과적임을 시사한다. 또한 부적응적인 자기초점주의를 적응적인 자기초점주의로 전환할 수 있는 긍정적 자기 자각을 활성화하여, 심리적 부적응으로 인한 문제를 완화한다면, 보다 적응적인 대학 생활에 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다. 따라서 대학 생활 적응을 높이기 위하여 대인관계 유능성을 향상시키기 위한 방안을 모색한다면, 보다 적응적인 대학 생활에 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다. 본 연구는 대학 생활 적응에 도움을 주기 위하여 교육현장이나, 상담장면에서 활용할 수 있는 상담기법과 적응 프로그램 개발 등을 위해 기초자료로 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이라는 점에서 의의가 있다. This study sought to verify the intermediate effectiveness of interpersonal ability in the relationship between college students' self-focused attention and college life adaptation. In order to achieve the purpose of research, data were analyzed by conducting an online survey of 211 male and female students in the first through fourth grades of colleges nationwide. The research questions were presented as follows. First, what is the relationship between general self-focused attention and self-immersion, college life adaptation, and interpersonal competence of college students? Second, how do the general self-focused attention and self-immersion of college students affect their college life adaptation and interpersonal competence? Third, does interpersonal competence play a mediating role in the relationship between general self-focused attention and self-immersion in college students' self-focused attention and college life adaptation? The measurement tools for each variable are as follows: The Scale for Dispositional Self-focused Attention in Social situations (SDSAS), developed by Ji-young Lee and Seok-man Kwon (2005), the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) developed by Baker and Siryk (1989) and modified and revised by Yun-jung Lee (1999), the Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire (ICQ) developed by Reis (1988) and adapted and validated to the K-ICQ by Han Na-ri and Dong-Gwi Lee (2010) for Korean college students. For statistical analysis, IBM SPSS 22.0 was used for frequency analysis, Cronbach's α calculation, descriptive statistical analysis, skewness and kurtosis verification, Pearson's correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and Baron & Kenny's parametric regression analysis. The study results are as follows. Since self-focused attention is composed of two sub-factors with different directions, the two different dispositions were analyzed as independent variables, rather than as a total sum. First, general self-focused attention was found to have a positive correlation with college life adjustment, and self-immersion was found to have a negative correlation with college life adjustment. Additionally, general self-focused attention was found to have a positive correlation with interpersonal competence, and self-immersion was found to have a negative correlation with interpersonal competence. There was also a positive correlation between college life adaptation and interpersonal competence. Second, self-immersion had a relatively higher negative effect on college life adaptation than general self-focused attention. On the other hand, on interpersonal competence, general self-focused attention had a relatively higher positive effect than self-immersion. Third, the mediating effect of interpersonal competence in the relationship between general self-focused attention and self-immersion and college life adaptation was verified to be statistically significant. In the relationship between general self-focused attention and college life adaptation, interpersonal competence showed a fully mediating effect, and in the relationship between self-immersion and college life adaptation, interpersonal competence showed a partial mediating effect. This study empirically verified the relationship between university students' self-focused attention, college life adaptation, and interpersonal ability, and identified the significant mediating effects of two different orientations on university life adaptation and interpersonal ability, respectively. This suggests that intervention focusing on interpersonal competence is effective when college students with self-focused dispositions experience anxiety or depression in the college counseling scene. In addition, it is expected that it will be helpful for a more adaptive college life if the problem caused by psychological maladaptation is alleviated by activating positive self-awareness that can convert maladaptive self-focusing into adaptive self-focusing. Therefore, if we are looking for ways to improve interpersonal competence in order to increase college life adaptation, it is expected that it will be helpful for a more adaptive college life. This study is meaningful in that it can be usefully used as basic data for the development of counseling techniques and adaptation programs that can be used in the educational field or in the counseling scene to help them adapt to university life.

인프라 자산관리를 위한 유지관리 예산규모 추정에 관한 연구 : 일반국도를 중심으로

우지원 공주대학교 일반대학원 2021 국내박사

This study was started to provide guidance on government policy direction and budget estimates based on variety social issues, such as the collapse of aging infrastructure. This year, the "Sustainable Infrastructure Management Act" was enacted and announced by forming a social consensus on the importance of maintenance of existing infrastructure facilities and the maintenance of facilities was carried out in accordance with this laws. This is to provide a framework for "proactive management" and investment efficiency-based away from the "reactive management" method. It is expected to be able to analyze the overall budget size and optimal management point to derive the most appropriate time to enable the best maintenance strategy. In this study, based on the maintenance cost calculation method derived from the recently performed national highway maintenance cost calculation method study, estimating the required budget for maintenance according to the facility size of the infrastructure after incense estimated the aging of the infrastructure facilities over time. Maintenance costs are largely calculated by dividing the general section (earthwork and general bridge), the tunnel section and the cable bridge, such as a cable-stayed bridge, suspension bridge is proposed to be calculated as a special bridge. In the case of the general section, including the earthwork and the general bridge, similar to the existing study, the tunnel section is proposed to be calculated separately. In the case of improvement, each itemized replacement cycle is proposed by a comprehensive review of the replacement cycle criteria and maintenance cost performance data for each facility. According to the results of this study, the required budget for the maintenance of the National Highway is continuously increased year by year, and in 2050, it was estimated to be 2.2675 billion KRW, which means that this year's budget is approximately 1.5 times the cost in 2019.. In addition, it was estimated the aging size of the national road infrastructure using the benchmark year method. The result of estimating show that even if the estimated maintenance costs are executed in a timely manner, because of aging 73.970.8 billion KRW of national road infrastructure facilities should be reconstructed in 2050. Therefore, if the government to establish a mid-to-long-term master plan to prepare for the timely commitment of the budget for the management of aging infrastructure facilities, it is possible to believe that more advanced management in terms of maintenance aspects and to use the facility more safetly.

종합병원 간호사의 좋은 죽음 인식, 공감 역량과 회복탄력성이 임종간호 수행에 미치는 영향

강지윤 국립공주대학교 일반대학원 2024 국내석사

본 연구의 목적은 종합병원에서 근무하고 있는 간호사를 대상으로 좋은 죽음 인식, 공감 역량과 회복탄력성의 정도와 그 관계를 파악하고 임종간호 수행에 미치는 영향을 확인하여 정보를 제공하며, 임상실무 영역에서 교육프로그램 개발과 중재를 위한 기초자료를 마련하고자 한다. 본 연구는 서술적 상관성 연구이며, 연구 대상자는 D 광역시에 소재한 2곳의 종합병원에서 내과계 병동, 외과계 병동, 중환자실에 근무하고 있는 임상경력 6개월 이상이고 임종간호 경험이 있는 간호사 186명이었다. 일반적 특성, 좋은 죽음 인식, 공감 역량, 회복탄력성, 임종간호 수행의 정도를 측정하기 위해 구조화된 자가 보고식 설문지를 이용하였으며, 자료 수집 기간은 2023년 8월 8일부터 9월 26일까지였다. 수집된 자료는 IBM SPSS Statistics 27 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도, 백분율, 평균, 표준편차, t-test, ANOVA, Scheff’e test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, multiple regression analysis로 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 종합병원 간호사의 좋은 죽음 인식 정도는 5점 만점에 평균 3.80±0.57점, 공감 역량 정도는 5점 만점에 평균 3.83±0.45점, 회복탄력성 정도는 5점 만점에 평균 3.68±0.45점, 임종간호 수행 정도는 4점 만점에 평균 2.67±0.44점이었다. 2) 종합병원 간호사의 일반적 특성에 따른 좋은 죽음 인식의 차이는 연령(F=11.92, p<.001), 결혼상태(t=-2.46, p=.015), 종교(t=3.04, p=.003), 최근 1년간 임종간호 횟수(F=3.98, p=.020)에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 종합병원 간호사의 일반적 특성에 따른 공감 역량의 차이는 연령(F=4.80, p=.009), 결혼상태(t=-2.58, p=.011), 임종 교육 경험(t=3.05, p=.003)에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 종합병원 간호사의 일반적 특성에 따른 회복탄력성의 차이는 연령(F=5.61, p=.004), 성별(t=-2.12, p=.035), 결혼상태(t=-2.27, p=.024), 종교(t=2.44, p=.016), 총 임상경력(F=4.47, p=.013), 직위(t=-2.01, p=.046)에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 종합병원 간호사의 일반적 특성에 따른 임종간호 수행의 차이는 연령(F=3.83, p=.023), 결혼상태(t=-3.12, p=.002), 임종 교육 경험(t=2.27, p=.024)에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 3) 종합병원 간호사의 임종간호 수행은 좋은 죽음 인식(r=.22, p=.003), 공감 역량(r=.54, p<.001), 회복탄력성(r=.44, p<.001)과 양의 상관관계가 있었다. 4) 종합병원 간호사의 임종간호 수행에 미치는 영향 요인은 공감 역량(β=.39, p<.001), 결혼상태(기혼)(β=.18, p=.023)이고, 이들 변수는 종합병원 간호사 의 임종간호 수행을 30.7% 설명하였다. 이상의 연구 결과를 바탕으로 종합병원 간호사의 임종환자와 그 가족들에 대한 공감 역량과 일반적 특성 중 결혼상태(미혼)보다 가족을 돌본 경험과 가족의 구성으로 다양한 인간관계의 경험이 있는 결혼상태(기혼)가 전인 간호가 필요한 임종간호 수행에 영향을 주는 주요 요인임을 확인하였다. 따라서 종합병원 간호사의 일반적 특성인 결혼상태(기혼)의 특성을 고려하여 부서 배치를 하며, 일과 가정의 양립을 위해 유연근무제 시행 등의 근무환경 개선이 필요하다. 그리고, 간호사의 공감 역량을 증대시킬 수 있도록 공감 역량 강화교육 프로그램 마련하여 지속적인 훈련이 필요하다. The purpose of this study is to identify the degree and relationship between good death perception, compassionate competence, and resilience for nurses working in general hospitals, identify the impact on end-of-life care performance, and provide information in the area of clinical practice. We aim to prepare basic data for educational program development and intervention. This study was a descriptive correlational study, and the subjects of the study were 186 nurses with at least 6 months of clinical experience and experience in end-of-life care working in the internal medicine ward, surgical ward, and intensive care unit at two general hospitals located in metropolitan D. A structured self-report questionnaire was used to measure general characteristics, good death perception, compassionate competence, resilience, and degree of end-of-life care performance, and the data collection period was from August 8 to September 26, 2023. The collected data were confirmed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheff’e test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis using the IBM SPSS Statistics 27 program. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1) The average degree of good death perception of general hospital nurses was 3.80±0.57 out of 5, the average degree of compassionate competence was 3.83±0.45 out of 5, the average degree of resilience was 3.68±0.45 out of 5, and the average degree of end-of-life care performance was 2.67±0.44 out of 4. 2) Differences in good death perception according to general characteristics of general hospital nurses were statistically significant according to age(F=11.92, p<.001), marital status(t=-2.46, p=.015), religion(t=3.04, p=.003), and the number of end-of-life care in the last year(F=3.98, p=.020). There were statistically significant differences in compassionate competence according to the general characteristics of general hospital nurses according to age(F=4.80, p=.009), marital status(t=-2.58, p=.011), and end-of-life education experience(t=3.05, p=.003). Differences in resilience according to general characteristics of general hospital nurses were statistically significant according to age(F=5.61, p=.004), sex(t=-2.12, p=.035), marital status(t=-2.27, p=.024), religion(t=2.44, p=.016), total clinical experience(F=4.47, p=.013), and position(t=-2.01, p=.046). There were statistically significant differences in end-of-life care performance according to the general characteristics of general hospital nurses according to age(F=3.83, p=.023), marital status(t=-3.12, p=.002), and end-of-life education experience(t=2.27, p=.024). 3) General hospital nurses' end-of-life care performance is based on good death perception(r=.22, p=.003), compassionate competence(r=.54, p<.001), and resilience(r=.44, p<.001) and there was a positive correlation. 4) The factors affecting the end-of-life care performance of general hospital nurses were compassionate competence(β=.39, p<.001) and marital status(marriage)(β=.18, p=.023), and these variables explained 30.7% of the end-of-life care performance of general hospital nurses. Based on the above research results, it was confirmed that among the general hospital nurses' compassionate competence for end-of-life patients and their families, marital status(marriage), which has experience in various human relationships and family composition rather than marital status(single), is a major factor influencing the performance of end-of-life care that requires holistic nursing. Therefore, it is necessary to assign departments in consideration of the characteristics of marital status(marriage), which is a general characteristic of general hospital nurses, and to improve the working environment, such as implementing a flexible work system to balance work and family. In addition, continuous training is needed by preparing an education program to strengthen compassionate competence to increase nurses' compassionate competence.

COVID-19 환자를 간호한 간호사의 직무스트레스, 공감능력과 간호역량과의 관계

한인경 공주대학교 일반대학원 2021 국내석사

본 연구는 COVID-19 환자를 간호한 간호사의 직무스트레스, 공감능력과 간호역량과의 관계를 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사 연구이다. 본 연구대상은 C도, G시, S시, C시, H군에 위치한 지방의료원 4곳에서 COVID-19 환자를 직접 간호한 지방의료원 간호사 150명이었으며, 일반적 특성, 직무스트레스, 공감능력, 간호역량에 관한 도구로 구성된 구조화된 자가보고식 설문지를 이용하여 8월 26일부터 9월 20일까지 자료수집 하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN 24.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도, 백분율, 평균과 표준편차, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson’s correlation coefficients 분석하였다. 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) COVID-19 환자를 간호한 간호사의 직무스트레스 정도는 5점 만점 중 3.91점, 공감능력의 정도는 5점 만점 중 3.30점, 하위영역인 관점취하기 3.30점, 상상하기 3.12점, 공감관점 3.49점, 개인고통 3.25점 이었으며, 간호역량은 4점 만점 중 2.51점, 하위영역인 전문성개발 3.43점, 병동업무처리 3.49점, 대처능력 3.59점이었다. 2) COVID-19 환자를 간호한 간호사의 일반적인 특성에서 23∼29세 40.6%(61명), 여자가 93.3%(140명)으로 대부분을 차지하였고, 결혼은 미혼이 52.7%(70명), 최종학력은 학사졸업이 74.7%(112명)로 과반수이상을 차지하였다. 3) COVID-19 환자를 간호한 간호사의 일반적 특성에 따른 직무스트레스, 공감능력, 간호역량, 정도의 차이를 조사한 결과, 대상자의 일반적 특성에 따른 직무스트레스정도는 통계적으로 유의한 수준에서 차이가 없었다. 대상자의 일반적 특성에 따른 공감능력 정도는 연령(F=4.23, p=.016), 임상경력 (F=3.60, p=.030)에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 즉, 23∼29세의 간호사가 30세∼39세의 간호사보다 공감능력이 높았다. 임상경력은 5년미만 간호사가 10년 이상의 간호사보다 공감능력이 높았다. 대상자의 일반적 특성에 따른 간호역량은 연령(F=6.53, p=.002), 결혼(t=2.66, p=.009), 임상경력 (F=6.96, p=.001), 직위(t=-3.99, p=.001)에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 40세 이상의 간호사가 23~29세의 간호사보다 간호역량이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 기혼인 간호사가 미혼인 간호사보다 간호역량이 높았으며, 임상경력은 10년이상의 경력간호사가 5년미만의 경력을 가진 간호사보다 간호역량이 높았고, 직위에서는 책임간호사가 일반간호사보다 간호역량이 높았다. 4) COVID-19 환자를 간호한 간호사의 직무스트레스, 공감능력, 간호역량과의 상관관계에서 직무스트레스와 공감능력(r=.24, p=.004), 직무스트레스와 간호역량(r=.21, p=.008)과 통계적으로 유의한 수준에서 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 즉, 직무스트레스가 높을수록 공감능력이 높았고, 직무스트레스가 높을수록 간호역량이 높게 나타났다. 간호사의 직무스트레스를 낮추고 공감능력과 간호역량을 높이기 위한 중재개발의 요구된다. 간호사의 공감능력을 높이기 위해서는 간호사의 연령과 경력이 높아지는 상황에서도 공감에 관한 지식과 기술을 교육하고 훈련하는 프로그램적용이 필요하며, 간호역량을 높이기 위해서는 연령과 결혼여부, 임상경력이 낮은 간호사를 대상으로 역량강화 프로그램을 적용하는 것이 필요하다. 또한 COVID-19 환자와 같은 감염위험이 높은 환자를 돌보는 위기상황에서는 임상에서의 환자간호 상태와는 다른 상황이 될 수 있음을 알 수 있었으므로 본 연구 결과를 감염병 위기상황에서 간호사의 직무스트레스 관리와 공감능력 및 간호역량 향상에 관한 중재개발의 기초자료로 활용하고, 반복연구를 수행해볼 것을 제안한다. This is a descriptive survey research to find correlations between job stress, work competency and empathy of COVID-19 nurses. The subjects of this study were 150 COVID-19 nurses worked at regional public hospital located in H-gun, G-city, S-city, C-city in province C. The data were collected using structured self-reported survey form consisting of work competency, job stress and empathy ability. The data collection period was from August 26, to September 20. For data processing, SPSS/WIN 24.0 program was utilized to conduct frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson’s correlation coefficients. The results of this study are presented as follows: 1) The mean score of job stress was 3.91 on the 5-point scale. The mean score of empathy ability was 3.30 on the 5-point scale. The scores for subscales of empathy ability were taking perspective 3.30, imagination 3.12, empathetic perspective 3.49, personal pain 3.25. The mean score for work competency was 2.51 on the 4-point scale. The scores for subscales of work competency were professional development 3.43, ward process 3.49, coping skills 3.59. 2) Regarding the general characteristics of the study subjects, 40.6% were age of 23~29, 93.3% were women; 52.7% were unmarried; 74.7% graduated from university. 3) The difference in job stress of COVID-19 nurses by general characteristics was not statistically significant. The difference in empathy ability of COVID-19 nurses by age(F=4.23, p=.016), clinical career (F=3.60, p=.030) was statistically significant. nurses aged 23 to 29 had higher empathy ability than nurses aged 30 to 39. nurses with clinical career of less than 5-years had higher empathy ability than nurses with clinical career of more than 10 years. In terms of the general characteristics of the study subjects, the difference in work competency of COVID-19 nurses by age(F=6.53,p=.002), married state(t=2.55,p=.009), clinical career (F=6.96, p=.001), status (t=-3.99, p=.001) was statistically significant. nurses at more than 40 had higher work competency than nurses at 23 to 29. Married nurses had higher work competency than unmarried nurses, and nurses with more than 10 years of clinical career had higher work competency than nurses with less than 5 years of clinical career. Charge nurses had higher work competency than staff nurses. 4) These research analytic results indicate that job stress have a significant and positive correlations with empathy ability (r=.24, p=.004) and work competency (r=.21, p=.008). An arbitration development is required to reduce nurses' job stress and to increase empathy ability and work competency. Therefore, the program training empathy skills should be developed to nurses of advanced age and with high professional job position in order to enhance nurses' empathy ability. To maximize their work competency, it is necessary to provide empowerment programs to unmarried, young and less-clinically experienced nurses. Crisis situations like taking care of high contagious patients, such as COVID-19 patients, are clinically unique. The results of this study will become fundamental material to develop arbitration development of nurse's job stress, empathy ability and work competency in infectious disease crisis.

수술실 간호사의 공감능력, 팀워크, 간호근무환경이 환자중심간호에 미치는 영향

조해민 공주대학교 일반대학원 2023 국내석사

본 연구는 수술실 간호사의 공감능력, 팀워크, 간호근무환경과 환자중심간호의 관계를 파악하고, 이들이 환자중심간호에 미치는 영향을 파악하여 수술실에서 환자중심간호 수행을 활성화시키기 위한 중재 개발에 기초자료를 제시하고자 시도되었다. 자료 수집은 경기도, 충청도, 대전광역시, 전라도, 경상도 등에 소재한 종합병원 수술실에서 3개월 이상 근무한 간호사 200명을 대상으로 하였으며, 자료 수집기간은 2022년 5월부터 7월까지였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS Win 27.0 program을 이용하여 빈도, 백분율, 평균, 표준편차, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, multiple regression analysis로 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 수술실 간호사의 공감능력 정도는 7점 만점에 평균 5.25±0.77점, 팀워크 정도는 5점 만점에 평균 4.03±0.61점, 간호근무환경 정도는 4점 만점에 평균 2.64±0.57점, 환자중심간호 정도는 5점 만점에 평균 4.21±0.56점이었다. 2) 수술실 간호사의 일반적 특성에 따른 공감능력의 차이는 연령(F=3.25, p=.041), 월 평균 급여(t=-2.10, p=.037)에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 수술실 간호사의 일반적 특성에 따른 팀워크의 차이는 성별(t=2.88, p=.004), 병원규모(F=5.41, p=.001)에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 수술실 간호사의 일반적 특성에 따른 간호근무환경의 차이는 환자중심간호 교육 경험에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(t=2.43, p=.016). 수술실 간호사의 일반적 특성에 따른 환자중심간호의 차이는 병원규모에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(F=3.05, p=.030). 3) 수술실 간호사의 환자중심간호는 공감능력(r=.50, p<.001), 팀워크(r=.61, p<.001), 간호근무환경(r=.52, p<.001)과 정 상관관계가 있었다. 4) 수술실 간호사의 환자중심간호에 영향을 미치는 요인은 팀워크(β=.38, p<.001), 공감능력(β=.30, p<.001), 간호근무환경(β=.22, p<.001)이였고, 이들 변수는 수술실 간호사의 환자중심간호를 48.0% 설명하였다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 수술실 간호사의 공감능력, 팀워크, 간호근무환경이 환자중심간호에 영향을 주는 주요 요인임을 확인하였다. 따라서 수술실 간호사의 환자중심간호 수행을 활성화시키기 위해서는 공감능력을 높이고, 팀워크를 증진시킬 수 있는 표준화된 프로그램의 개발과 긍정적인 간호근무환경의 마련이 필요하다. The goal of this study is to identify the impact of operating room nurses' empathy, teamwork, and relationships between the nursing work environment and patient-centered care in order to suggest standard data for the development of interventions to activate patient-centered care in the operating room. Data were collected between May and July 2022 from 200 nurses who had worked in operating rooms at general hospitals in Gyeonggi-do, Chung-do, Daejeon, Jeolla-do, and Gyeongsang-do for more than three months. The data, which comprised frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Scheffé test, and multiple regression analysis, were gathered using the SPSS Win 27.0 program. The following is a summary of the study’s findings: 1) The average score on the empathy scale was 5.25±0.77 points out of 7, the average score on the teamwork scale was 4.03±0.61 points out of 5, the average score on the nursing work environment scale was 2.64±0.57 points out of 4, and the average score of patient-centered care was 4.21±0.56 points out of 5. 2) There was a statistically significant difference in empathy based on age (F=3.25, p=.041) and average monthly salary (t=-2.10, p=.037), according to the general characteristics of operating room nurses. There was a statistically significant difference in teamwork based on gender (t=2.88, p=.004) and hospital size (F=5.41, p=.001), according to the general characteristics of operating room nurses. According to patient-centered care education experience, there was a statistically significant difference between the nursing work environment and the general characteristics of operating room nurses (t=2.43, p=.016). According to the general features of operating room nurses, there was a statistically significant difference in patient-centered care depending on the size of the hospital (F=3.05, p=.030). 3) The patient-centered care of operating room nurses showed a positive correlation with empathy (r=.50, p<.001), teamwork (r=.61, p<.001), and the nursing work environment (r=.52, p<.001). 4) The factors that affecting patient-centered care of the operating room nurses were teamwork (β=.38, p<.001), empathy (β=.30, p<.001), and nursing work environment (β=.22, p<.001) and these variables explained 48.0% of patient-centered care of operating room nurses. Based on the findings, it was established that the key influences on patient-centered care are the operating room nurses' empathy, teamwork, and nursing work environment. Therefore, it is essential to foster empathy, enhance teamwork through the development of standardized programs, and create a pleasant nursing work environment in order to activate patient-centered care conducted by operating room nurses.

고등학생의 사회적지지, 마인드셋, 그릿, 자기조절학습능력의 구조적 관계 : 일반학생과 영재학생 비교 중심으로

정은영 공주대학교 일반대학원 2023 국내박사

이 연구의 목적은 고등학생의 사회적지지, 마인드셋, 그릿 및 자기조절학습능력 간의 관계를 구조적 모형으로 규명하고 그 수준과 구조적관계에 영재학생과 일반학생 간의 차이가 있는지 살펴보는데 있다. 연구 대상은 D광역시와 G광역시의 과학영재학교와 G시와 C시의 과학고등학교의 영재학생과 동일지역내의 집단의 크기와 집단의 학년급이 유사한 일반학생이다. 기말고사가 끝난 후인 2021년 2021년 6월 21일부터 7월 16일까지 1067명을 대상으로 설문 조사하였다. 표집방법은 군집표본추출법을 이용하였고, 수집된 자료 중 신뢰성이 떨어진다고 판단되는 56부를 제외한 총 1011부의 자료를 최종분석에 사용하였다. 자료의 통계처리는 SPSS 26.0과 AMOS 21.0 프로그램을 활용하여 빈도분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 신뢰도 분석, 확인적 요인분석, 상관관계 분석, 구조방정식 모형분석, 조절효과분석, 조절된 매개효과 분석을 실시하였다. 구조모형은 적합도 평가기준을 충족하여 통계적으로 적합하며 구체적 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 고등학생의 부모지지는 지속적인관심, 꾸준한노력, 성장마인드셋에 대해 정적 영향이 있었고 고정마인드셋에 부적 영향이 있었으며, 자기조절학습능력에 대해서는 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 일반학생의 부모지지는 지속적인관심, 꾸준한노력에 대해 정적 영향이 있었고 고정마인드셋에 부적 영향이 있었으며, 자기조절학습능력에 대해서 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 영재학생의 부모지지는 꾸준한노력과 성장마인드셋에 대해 정적 영향이 있었고 고정마인드셋에 부적 영향이 있었으며, 지속적인관심과 자기조절학습능력에 대해서 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 둘째, 고등학생의 교사지지는 자기조절학습능력과 성장마인드셋에 대해 정적 영향이 있었고 지속적인관심, 꾸준한노력, 고정마인드셋에 대해서는 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 일반학생의 교사지지는 자기조절학습능력과 성장마인드셋에 대해 정적 영향이 있었고 지속적인관심과 고정마인드셋에 대해 부적 영향이 있었으며, 꾸준한노력에 대해서는 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 영재학생의 교사지지는 자기조절학습능력에 정적 영향이 있었으며, 지속적인관심, 꾸준한노력, 고정마인드셋, 성장마인드셋에 대해서는 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 셋째, 고등학생의 친구지지는 성장마인드셋에 대해 정적 영향이 있었고 자기조절학습능력, 지속적인관심, 꾸준한노력, 고정마인드셋에 대해서 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 일반학생의 친구지지는 꾸준한노력에 대해 정적 영향이 있었고 자기조절학습능력, 지속적인관심, 고정마인드셋, 성장마인드셋에 대해서는 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 영재학생의 친구지지는 자기조절학습능력과 성장마인드셋에 정적 영향이 있었으며, 지속적인관심, 꾸준한노력, 고정마인드셋에 대해서는 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 넷째, 그릿의 하위요인인 지속적인관심은 고등학생과 일반학생, 영재학생의 모든 사회적 지지원과 자기조절학습능력 간에 매개효과가 없었다. 다섯째, 그릿의 하위요인인 꾸준한노력은 고등학생의 부모지지와 자기조절학습능력 간에 매개효과가 있었고, 교사지지와 자기조절학습능력, 친구지지와 자기조절학습능력 간에는 매개효과가 없었다. 일반학생의 꾸준한노력은 부모지지와 자기조절학습능력, 친구지지와 자기조절학습능력 간에 매개효과가 있었고, 교사지지와 자기조절학습능력 간에는 매개효과가 없었다. 영재학생의 꾸준한노력은 부모지지와 자기조절학습능력 간에 매개효과가 있었고, 교사지지와 자기조절학습능력, 친구지지와 자기조절학습능력 간에는 매개효과가 없었다. 여섯째, 마인드셋의 하위요인인 고정마인드셋은 고등학생의 모든 사회적 지지원과 자기조절학습능력 간에 매개효과가 없었다. 일반학생의 고정마인드셋은 부모지지와 자기조절학습능력, 교사지지와 자기조절학습능력 간에 매개효과가 있었고, 친구지지와 자기조절학습능력 간에는 매개효과가 없었다. 영재학생의 고정마인드셋은 모든 사회적 지지원과 자기조절학습능력 간에 매개효과가 없었다. 일곱째, 마인드셋의 하위요인인 성장마인드셋은 고등학생의 모든 사회적 지지원과 자기조절학습능력 간에 매개효과가 있었다. 일반학생의 성장마인드셋은 모든 사회적 지지원과 자기조절학습능력 간에 매개효과가 없었다. 영재학생의 성장마인드셋은 부모지지와 자기조절학습능력, 친구지지와 자기조절학습능력 간에 매개효과가 있었고, 교사지지와 자기조절학습능력 간에는 매개효과가 없었다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural relationship among high school students' social support, mindset, grit, and self-regulated learning ability and to examine whether there is a difference between the gifted and general students in the level and structural relationship. The subject of the study was the gifted in science high schools in D and G metropolitan cities and G and C cities and general students with similar group sizes and grade levels in the same region. A survey was conducted on 1067 people from June 21, 2021, to July 16, 2021, after the final exams were over. The cluster sampling method was applied and a total of 1011 surveys were used for the final analysis, excluding 56 copies judged to be unreliable. For statistical processing of data, frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, structural equation model analysis, moderating effect analysis, and moderated mediating effect analysis were performed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs. The significant findings of the study were as follows: First, parental support of high school students had a positive effect on consistency of interests, perseverance of effort, and growth mindset, and had a negative effect on fixed mindset and no effect on self-regulated learning ability. Parental support of general students had a positive effect on consistency of interests and perseverance of effort, had a negative effect on fixed mindset, and had no effect on self-regulated learning ability. Parental support of gifted students had a positive effect on perseverance of effort and growth mindset, and had a negative effect on fixed mindset and no effect on consistency of interests and self-regulated learning ability. Second, teacher support of high school students had a positive effect on self-regulated learning ability and growth mindset but did not affect on consistency of interests, perseverance of effort, and fixed mindset. Teacher support of general students had a positive effect on self-regulated learning ability and growth mindset, and had a negative effect on consistency of interests and fixed mindset and did not affect on perseverance of effort. Teacher support of gifted students had a positive effect on self-regulated learning ability but had no effect on consistency of interests, perseverance of effort, fixed mindset, and growth mindset. Third, high school students' friend support had a positive effect on the growth mindset but did not affect on self-regulated learning ability, consistency of interests, perseverance of effort, and fixed mindset. General students' friend support had a positive effect on perseverance of effort, but did not affect on self-regulated learning ability, consistency of interests, fixed mindset, and growth mindset. Gifted students' friend support had a positive effect on self-regulated learning ability and growth mindset but did not affect on consistency of interests, perseverance of effort, and fixed mindset. Fourth, consistency of interests of a sub-factor of grit had no mediating effect between each type of social support and self-regulated learning ability of high school students, general students, and gifted students. Fifth, perseverance of effort, a sub-factor of grit, had a mediating effect between high school students' parental support and self-regulated learning ability, but had no mediating effect between teacher support and self-regulated learning ability, and friend support and self-regulated learning ability. General students' perseverance of effort had a mediating effect between parent support and self-regulated learning ability, between friend support and self-regulated learning ability, and no mediating effect between teacher support and self-regulated learning ability. Gifted students' perseverance of effort had a mediating effect between parental support and self-regulated learning ability but had no mediating effect between teacher support and self-regulated learning ability, and between friend support and self-regulated learning ability. Sixth, fixed mindset of a sub-factor of mindset had no mediating effect between all social support and self-regulated learning ability of high school students. The fixed mindset of general students had a mediating effect between parent support and self-regulated learning ability, between teacher support and self-regulated learning ability, and no mediating effect between friend support and self-regulated learning ability. Gifted students' fixed mindset had no mediating effect between each type of social support and self-regulated learning ability. Seventh, growth mindset of a sub-factor of mindset had a mediating effect between all kinds of social support and self-regulated learning ability of high school students. General students' growth mindset had no mediating effect between each type of social support and self-regulated learning ability. Gifted students' growth mindset had a mediating effect between parental support and self-regulated learning ability, between friend support and self-regulated learning ability, and no mediating effect between teacher support and self-regulated learning ability.

탄광부 진폐증 입원환자의 우울, 죽음불안, 가족기능 및 삶의 질의 관계

조성희 공주대학교 일반대학원 2020 국내석사

국문초록 탄광부 진폐증 입원환자의 우울, 죽음불안,가족기능 및 삶의 질의 관계 조 성 희 공주대학교 대학원 간호학과 간호학 전공 본 연구는 탄광부 진폐증 입원환자를 대상으로 우울, 죽음불안, 가족기능 및 삶의 질의 정도를 파악하고, 이들 간의 관계를 파악하기 위해 실시하였다. 대상자는 경상북도 1개, 대전광역시 1개, 충청남도 2개, 충청북도 1개의 진폐전문병원에 입원한 환자 165명이고, 자료수집 기간은 2019년 6월부터 8월까지였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN 23.0 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도, 백분율, 평균, 표준편차, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient로 분석하였다. 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 탄광부 진폐증 입원환자의 우울 정도는 평균 8.73점(15점 만점), 죽음불안 정도는 평균 93.29점(144점 만점), 가족기능 정도는 평균 5.93점(10점 만점), 삶의 질의 정도는 평균 53.10점(100점 만점)였다. 2) 탄광부 진폐증 입원환자의 일반적 특성에 따른 우울의 차이를 살펴본 결과, 배우자(t=-9.12, p<.001), 월평균 소득(t=3.39, p<.001), 종교(t=-7.16, p<.001), 교육수준(F=10.96, p<.001), 진단 후 경과 기간(F=3.14, p=.027), 총 입원기간(F=3.94, p=.009)에서 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 3) 탄광부 진폐증 입원환자의 일반적 특성에 따른 죽음불안의 차이를 살펴 본 결과, 배우자(t=-12.70, p<.001), 월평균 소득(t=2.19, p=029), 종교(t=-87, p<.001), 교육수준(F=9.14, p<.001), 진단 후 경과 기간(F=2.85, p=.039), 진폐 합병증 경험(F=6.04, p=.003)에서 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 4) 탄광부 진폐증 입원환자의 일반적 특성에 따른 가족기능의 차이는 없었다. 5) 탄광부 진폐증 입원환자의 일반적 특성에 따른 삶의 질의 차이를 살펴본 결과, 배우자(t=-24.81, p<.001), 월평균 소득(t=4.61, p<.001), 종교(t=-9.56, p<.001), 교육수준(F=17.10, p<.001), 진단 후 경과 기간(F=3.85, p=.011), 진폐 합병증 경험(F=5.11, p=.007)에서 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 6) 탄광부 진폐증 입원환자의 우울은 죽음불안(r=.80, p<.001) 또는 삶의 질r=.70, p<.001)과 정 상관관계가 있었고, 죽음불안도 삶의 질과 정 상관관계가 있었다(r=.76, p<.001). 즉, 우울이 높을수록 죽음불안은 높았고, 삶의 질은 낮았으며, 죽음불안이 높을수록 삶의 질은 낮았다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해 탄광부 진폐증 입원환자의 우울, 죽음불안, 삶의 질 간의 강한 상관관계가 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 탄광부 진폐증 입원환자의부정적 감정을 해소하고, 정서적 안정을 찾을 수 있도록 관심을 기울여야 하며, 삶의 질 향상을 위해 우울과 죽음불안을 고려한 간호 중재 프로그램 개발이 필요하겠다. 주요어: 우울, 죽음불안, 가족기능, 삶의 질, 탄광부 진폐증 ABSTRACT The Relationship between Depression, Death Anxiety, Family Function and Quality of Life in inpatients with Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis. Sung hee Cho Department of nursing Graduate School of Kongju National University Gong Ju, Korea (Supervised by Professor : Ok-Hee Cho) The study was conducted to identify the degree of depression, death anxiety, family function, and quality of life for inpatients with coal worker' s pneumoconiosis and to identify the relationship between them. The participants were 165 patients who were hospitalized for treatment o f pneumoconiosis. The hospital is at one in Gyeongbuk, one in Daejeon Me tropolitan City, two in Chungnam, one in Chungbuk. And the data were collected between June and August 2019. For data analysis, SPSS 23.0 statistics package was used, and the study employed frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis. The findings may be summarized as follows: 1) Depression score of inpatients with coal worker's pneumoconiosis was an average of 8.76 out of 15; for death anxiety an average of 93.29 out of 144 ; for family function an average of 5.93 out of 10; for quality of life an average of 53.10 out of 100 points; 2) The level of depression according to the general characteristics of inpat ients with coal worker's pneumoconiosis differed in the spouse(t=-9.12, p<.001), monthly income(t=3.39, p<.001), religion(t=-7.16, p<.001), education level(F=10.96, p<.001), period after diagnosis(F=3.14, p=.027), and hospitaliza tion period(F=3.94, p=.009). 3) The level of death anxiety according to the general characteristics of in patients with coal worker's pneumoconiosis differed in the spouse (t=-12.70 , p<.001), monthly income(t=2.19, p=029), religion(t=-8.87, p<.001), education level(F=9.14, p<.001), period after diagnosis(F=2.85, p=.039), and Experience complications(F=6.04, p=.003). 4) There were no differences in family functions depending on the general characteristics of inpatients with coal worker's pneumoconiosis. 5) The level of quality of life according to the general characteristics of inpatients with coal worker's pneumoconiosis differed in the spouse (t=-24. 81, p<.001), monthly income(t=4.61, p<.001), religion(t=-9.56, p<.001), educa tion level(F=17.10, p<.001), period after diagnosis(F=3.85, p=.011), and Exper ience complications(F=5.11, p=.007). 6) Depression of inpatients with coal worker's pneumoconiosis was positiv ely correlated with death anxiety(r=.80, p<.001) or quality of life(r=.70, p<.001), and death anxiety was also positively correlated with quality of life (r=.76, p<.001). In other words, the higher the depression, the higher the death anxiety, and the lower the quality of life. And the higher the death anxiety, the lower the quality of life. These results confirmed that there is a strong correlation between depression, death anxiety, and quality of life among inpatients with coal worker's pneumoconiosis. Therefore, attention should be paid to resolve the negative feelings of inpatients with coal worker's pneumoconiosis. And to find emotional stabilit y, and the development of a nursing arbitration program considering depres sion and death anxiety is needed to improve the quality of life Key words: Depression, Death anxiety, Family function, Quality of life, Inpatients with coal worker's pneumoconiosis.

사회복지전공 대학생의 진로역량이 진로준비행동에 미치는 영향

김한솔 공주대학교 일반대학원 2020 국내석사

University students are having difficulties in determining their career due to the recent rise in youth unemployment, and they need to recognize the importance of career capabilities amid changes in the world of work requiring the cultivation of skilled manpower. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine how much influence of career competence of social welfare university students on their career preparation behavior. The Collected data for this study were included open-ended surveys and questionnaires, interviews from social welfare in Chung-cheong-nam-do province directly for 15 days from September 2 to September 17, 2019, and the total of 236 questionnaires were used for the final analysis. The Collected data were for included frequency analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, t-test, ANOVA analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis using the SPSS 25.0 statistical program. First, as the result of analyzed career competency and career preparation behavior level, career competency level was 3.60 points (five points) or higher, and career preparation behavior level was 3.18 points (five points). Second, the result of analysis of the differences between career capabilities and career preparation behaviors according to general characteristics, the career preparation activities for the students who got high grade or completed internship training were higher than the other students who have not done. Third, as a result of analyzed the mutual relation between characteristics and career competencies, information gathering behaviors, tool preparation behaviors, and goal achievement behaviors, which are sub-factors of the overall career preparation behaviors and career preparation behaviors, were grade, field experience, career capability, career significant positive correlations were found among reflection, self-reflection, self-expression, networking, career search, and career management. Fourth, the results of a regression analysis to identify the variables that impact on the career preparation activities of university students majoring in social welfare showed that the career preparation behaviors of the students who were experienced and completed internship were higher than the students have not done. In addition, when the level of networking, career searching, and career management as the sub-factors of career competency is higher, the career preparation activities are higher. Also Information collection activities are higher than the others when the students were experience and completed internship training. Variations affecting tool preparation behavior, which is a sub-factor of career preparation behavior, were higher in grade, and higher in self-examination, career exploration, and career management among lower factors of career competency, higher in tool preparation behavior. Variables that affect target attainment behavior, which is a sub-factor of career preparation actions, had experience in field practice, and among the lower factors of career capabilities, the higher the networking, career exploration and career management, the higher the target attainment behavior. In conclusion, the sub-factors of career competence of social welfare university students are networking, career search, and career management and it was showed that the sub-factors provided the positive impacts on their career preparation activities through the analysis on sub-factors. Suggestions from the analysis results of this study are as follows. First suggestion is that university students of social welfare are required the measures to improve their career competencies as the sub-factors; networking, job searching, and career management. Through the analysis of sub-factors, if the students have their high career competencies, they have high career preparation activities. Therefore, in order to improve their career competencies constantly on the sub-factors; networking, job searching, and career management, the university needs to open the new courses in the university curriculum related to the sub-factors of career competencies. Second, the field practice of university students majoring in social welfare requires various forms and reinforcement. suggestion is that students’ job internship showed a positive impact on career competencies and the university students of social welfare need to complete their internship training with a short term or a long term program to build their positive career preparation activities and make their career preparation experiences. To this end, it is necessary to implement internship development cooperation between social welfare institutions and universities by securing field training institutions and developing programs. 대학생들은 최근 청년 실업의 증가로 진로결정에 대한 어려움을 겪고 있으며, 숙련된 인력양성을 요구하는 직업세계의 변화 속에서 진로역량에 대한 중요성을 인식할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 사회복지전공 대학생의 진로역량이 진로준비행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보는데 있다. 본 연구의 자료수집은 충청남도 소재의 사회복지전공 대학생을 중심으로 2019년 9월 2일부터 9월 17일까지 약 15일간에 걸쳐 직접 설문지를 배부하고 회수하였으며, 총 236부의 설문지를 최종분석에 사용하였다. 수립된 자료는 SPSS 25.0 통계프로그램을 사용하여 빈도분석, 기술통계 분석, t검정, 일원배치분산분석, 상관관계분석, 회귀분석 등을 실시하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 진로역량과 진로준비행동 수준을 분석한 결과, 진로역량의 수준은 3.60점(5점 기준)으로 보통 이상이며, 진로준비행동 수준은 3.18점(5점 기준)으로 나타났다. 둘째, 일반적 특성에 따른 진로역량과 진로준비행동의 차이를 분석한 결과, 진로준비행동은 학년이 높을수록, 현장실습 경험이 있을수록 높았다. 셋째, 일반적 특성과 진로역량 간의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 진로준비행동 전체와 진로준비행동의 하위요인인 정보수집행동, 도구준비행동, 목표달성행동 등은 학년, 현장실습 경험, 진로역량, 진로성찰, 자기성찰, 자기표현, 네트워킹, 진로탐색, 진로관리 등과 유의미한 정적(+) 상관관계를 나타내었다. 넷째, 사회복지전공 대학생의 진로준비행동에 영향을 미치는 변인을 알아보기 위해 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 진로준비행동 전체를 종속변수로 하였을 때, 학년이 높을수록, 현장실습 경험이 있을수록 진로준비행동이 높았다. 또한, 진로역량의 하위요인인 네트워킹, 진로탐색, 진로관리 등이 높을수록 진로준비행동이 높았다. 진로준비행동의 하위요인인 정보수집행동은 학년이 높을수록, 진로역량의 하위요인 중 자기표현, 진로탐색, 진로관리 등이 높을수록 높았다. 진로준비행동의 하위요인인 도구준비행동은 학년이 높을수록, 진로역량의 하위요인 중 진로탐색, 진로관리 등이 높을수록 높았다. 진로준비행동의 하위요인인 목표달성행동은 현장실습 경험이 있을수록, 진로역량의 하위요인 중 네트워킹, 진로탐색, 진로관리 등이 높을수록 높았다. 이상의 결론을 종합해 보면, 사회복지전공 대학생의 진로역량의 하위요인인 네트워킹, 진로탐색, 진로관리 등은 진로준비행동에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구의 분석 결과를 통한 제언은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사회복지전공 대학생의 진로역량의 하위요인인 네트워킹, 진로탐색, 진로관리 등을 높일 수 있는 방안이 요구된다. 이는 사회복지전공 대학생의 진로역량이 높을수록 진로준비행동이 높은 것으로 나타났기 때문이다. 따라서 사회복지전공 대학생의 진로역량의 하위요인인 네트워킹, 진로탐색, 진로관리 등을 지속적으로 향상시키기 위해서는 대학교육과정에서 진로역량과 관련된 교양강의를 개설하는 것이 필요하다. 둘째, 사회복지전공 대학생의 현장실습은 다양한 형태와 강화가 필요하다. 사회복지전공 대학생의 일반적 특성인 현장실습 경험이 진로준비행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났기 때문이다. 따라서 사회복지전공 대학생의 긍정적인 진로준비행동을 위해서는 단기 또는 장기의 현장실습, 학기제 현장실습 등의 다양한 형태의 현장실습교육이 이루어져야 할 것이다. 이를 위해 현장실습기관의 확보와 프로그램의 개발을 통해 사회복지기관과 대학교 간의 인턴십 개발협력을 구현할 필요가 있다.

공주교육대학교의 역사와 교육도시 공주의 이미지 형성

전진희 공주대학교 일반대학원 2022 국내박사

The purpose of this study is to clarify the history of Gongju National University of Education from its origin to the early 1970s. The reason why Gongju National University of Education was chosen was because of its unique status. The school was reorganized into Gongju National University following the context of Gongju Women's Normal School in Japanese colonial period and Gongju Normal School after liberation. The transition of this school served as a regional or periodical significance in two ways. First, it is the consistent purpose of fostering elementary school teachers. The name and system of the school have changed several times, but the purpose of fostering elementary school teachers has remained unchanged from its origin to the present. Therefore, it can be said that the history of this school is directly related to the history of fostering elementary school teachers in Korea. The following is the link between the school and the community. Gongju Women's Normal School was established as an alternative to overcome the economic crisis in the region caused by the relocation of Chungcheongnam-do. Local residents attempted to urbanize education as a way to overcome the identity of the administrative city lost due to the relocation of the provincial government. The community continued to campaign for the attraction and establishment of the school, making it an important asset of their city, and the school communicated with the community through high-quality human resources and direct and indirect economic feasibility. In Chapter II, Gongju Women's Normal School was the result of the residents' strong campaign to attract schools using the Joseon Governor-General's policy to expand the teacher's school. The goal of fostering female teachers by the Governor-General of the Joseon Dynasty was to emphasize "Home Economics" and meet the "for war preparations" with diligence and thrift within the family. In addition, practical subjects and Physical education subjects were strengthened in line with the war preparations system. In order to strengthen such a curriculum, a life guidance center was built and the dormitory system was adhered to. Gongju Women’s Normal School teacher education had a strong state-led nature and received full economic and administrative support from the Joseon Governor-General. The school was seen by local residents as a reward for the relocation of the Chungcheongnam-do Provincial Government. Residents organized an established association to attract government-run teachers' schools and even raised a large donation of 100,000 won from the local residents. In other words, the Japanese colonial government used the wishes of local residents to extract the expenses necessary for the establishment of the teacher school and the construction of the teacher. However, it has an important regional historical meaning in that it is an important image symbolizing Gongju, an educational city of Gongju Women's Normal School during this period. Chapter III, After Korea's liberation from Japanese colonial rule, Japanese-style education was conducted by the U.S. military government without being liquidated. Naturally, Gongju's training of teachers was difficult and revealed her limitations. In order to overcome this, Gongju Women's Normal School and the local residents asked for the establishment of a Kongju Normal College, more actively to save the region. In order to establish the Kongju Normal College, the Gongju Women's Normal School not only gave away the School building, but also used human resources, the faculty. The three departments opened at the time of the establishment of Kongju Normal College, they were Korean literature, Mathematics, and Home Economics. In order to emphasize the subject of the "Home Economics," Gongju Women's Normal School was equipped with school buildings and teachers related to Home Economics, including life guides. By utilizing this, Kongju Normal College was able to be established by conducting a campaign to persuade the authorities that it was possible to establish a teacher's college at a low cost. After liberation, there was a widespread perception among local residents that Gongju needed to develop into an educational city. In Chapter IV, the transformation and reorganization of Gongju Normal School from 1951 to 1962 were intensively reviewed and discussed. As the elite-centered women's Normal school changed to a coeducational system, it had a very positive effect on the community. The reorganization of the coeducational system during the Korean War guaranteed military service benefits for male students and employment after graduation. Many male students in the area who were able to obtain such information quickly entered Gongju Normal School. The fact that 57.4% of Gongju Normal School graduates in 1954 are from Gongju proves this. With the existence of Gongju Normal School, small forms of commerce for schools and students along with boarding have developed in the community. This landscape of the Gongju area clearly revealed its distinctiveness from other regions and made it unique as the 'local color of Gongju'. A structure has been established in which the community benefits economically through the Gongju Normal School. This fact means that Gongju Normal School has been 'localized' by strengthening its identity as 'Gongju’s School' rather than simply a school in the region. In Chapter IV, the Gongju College of Education started uneasily. At that time, the symbolism of the teacher changed due to the lack of appointment and low treatment of elementary school teachers. This fact also had a negative impact on the community. Most of the students are children of rural families, and Gongju College of Education students who will become teachers in rural areas after graduation have been given the role of enlightenment and mental reform in rural areas to revive the rural economy. By government authorities and schools, students had limited club activities and were actively mobilized for volunteer work in rural areas. The rural volunteer work of shift students was intertwined with the interests of the local community and the school. Previously, the profits gained by the local community through schools changed more actively from passive methods such as Boarding house and Small consumption activities to Volunteer activities in rural areas and the mobilization of students without pay. First, the conclusion of this study was to examine the meaning of school history itself. In the future, it is necessary to pay attention to the relationship with the local community by using an academic approach. Second, the meaning of local history of school history was considered. In particular, Gongju is an "educational city," and it can be seen that the impact on the local community was significant due to the periodical transition of the Gongju shift, the Japanese colonial period. If the community was cut off from the government-run Gongju Women's Normal School, the teacher's school after liberation interacted with the community and changed to 'localization of schools'. Third, the meaning of school history in educational history was considered. It can be said that the periodical changes and educational policies of Gongju National University of Education were significant as a way to check in detail how they were being realized at the school site when the Ministry of Education announced its policy. Fourth, the student life culture, student culture, youth culture, or teacher culture for each period were examined by period by reflecting the awareness of problems such as life culture history. As a result, it was found in detail that Gongju Women's Normal School and Gongju Normal School, the roots of Gongju National University of Education, were not established independently, but were obtained through strong aspirations and establishment movements of local residents, and sometimes "fighting" of sacrificial fundraising and cost investment. Other schools may be the case, but especially in the case of Gongju National University of Education, the school and the community have been able to maintain their reputation and reputation for a long time as they interact like this. Gongju area is a city that is recognized externally as an "educational city." The strongest background and foundation that forms the basis is the existence of a teacher training institution. Gongju National University of Education should be considered to have formed a deep bond with the local community as a university that performs a consistent purpose of fostering elementary school teachers. Therefore, the history of this Gongju shift cannot be considered entirely as that of Gongju shift. Some of the history can be regarded as for local residents.