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On the Severity of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Diabetes or Metabolic Syndrome
Fatma Gul Yurdakul,Hatice Bodur,Özgu¨r Öztop Çakmak,Filiz Sivas,Filiz Eser,Özlem Yılmaz Taşdelen 대한신경과학회 2015 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.11 No.3
Background and Purpose Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy. Although its etiology is unknown, certain conditions are commonly associated with CTS, such as obesity, arthritis, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, trauma, mass lesions, amyloidosis, and sarcoidosis. We aimed to determine the association between metabolic syndrome and CTS, and we compared the severity of CTS between patients with diabetes (and no concomitant metabolic syndrome) and patients with metabolic syndrome. Methods Two hundred patients with a clinically and electrophysiological confrmed diagnosis of CTS were included in the study. Teir demographic characteristics and severity of CTS were analyzed according to the presence or the absence of metabolic syndrome. Diferences in the electrophysiological fndings were evaluated between the following four groups: 1) metabolic syndrome alone (n=52), 2) diabetes alone (n=20), 3) combined metabolic syndrome and diabetes (n=44), and 4) no metabolic syndrome or diabetes (n=84). Results CTS was more severe in the patients with metabolic syndrome than those without this syndrome. Te electrophysiological fndings were worse in patients with metabolic syndrome alone than in those with diabetes alone and those without diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Conclusions CTS appears to be more severe in patients with metabolic syndrome than patients with diabetes. Diabetes is one of the well-known risk factors for CTS, but other components of metabolic syndrome may have a greater efect on the severity of CTS.
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U¨mide Demir O¨ zkay,Leyla Yurttas¸,Yusuf O¨ zkay,Umut I˙ rfan U¨ c¸el,O¨ zgu¨r Devrim Can,Yusuf Ozturk 대한약학회 2013 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.36 No.7
In this study, we synthesized eight novel1-phenyl-2-(4-substituted-piperazin-1-yl)-propanol derivativesand evaluated their antidepressant-like activities. Thechemical structures of the synthesised compounds wereelucidated by spectroscopy and elemental analyses. Potential antidepressant-like effects of the test compounds(20 mg kg-1) were investigated using the tail-suspensiontest and modified forced swimming test (MFST) in mice. Additionally, the spontaneous locomotor activity of themice was assessed using the activity cage apparatus. Boththe reference drug fluoxetine (20 mg kg-1) and the testcompounds 3a–3e and 3g significantly shortened theimmobility time of the mice in both the behavioural tests. These test compounds also increased the swimming time inMFST without any change in the climbing duration. Compounds 3c–3e and 3g were significantly more potent ininducing these effects than 3a and 3b. None of the compoundschanged the locomotor activities of the animals,thus antidepressant-like effects of test compounds werespecific. The findings support those of previous studies thatreported antidepressant-like activities of aryl alkanolpiperazine derivatives.
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