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Protein Hydrolysate from Underutilized Legumes: Unleashing the Potential for Future Functional Foods
Ain Tasnim Azman,Nur Suaidah Mohd Isa,Zamzahaila Mohd Zin,Mohd Aidil Adhha Abdullah,Omaima Aidat,Mohamad Khairi Zainol 한국식품영양과학회 2023 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.28 No.3
Proteins play a vital role in human development, growth, and overall health. Traditionally, animal-derived proteins were considered the primary source of dietary protein. However, in recent years, there has been a remarkable shift in dietary consumption patterns, with a growing preference for plant-based protein sources. This shift has resulted in a significant increase in the production of plant proteins in the food sector. Consequently, there has been a surge in research exploring various plant sources, particularly wild, and underutilized legumes such as Canavalia, Psophocarpus, Cajanus, Lablab, Phaseolus, and Vigna, due to their exceptional nutraceutical value. This review presents the latest insights into innovative approaches used to extract proteins from underutilized legumes. Furthermore, it highlights the purification of protein hydrolysate using Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography. This review also covers the characterization of purified peptides, including their molecular weight, amino acid composition, and the creation of three-dimensional models based on amino acid sequences. The potential of underutilized legume protein hydrolysates as functional ingredients in the food industry is a key focus of this review. By incorporating these protein sources into food production, we can foster sustainable and healthy practices while minimizing environmental impact. The investigation of underutilized legumes offers exciting possibilities for future research and development in this area, further enhancing the utilization of plant-based protein sources.
Ul Ain, Qurrat,Lee, Jong Hwan,Woo, Young Sun,Kim, Yong-Hee Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2016 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.39 No.9
<P>Protein drugs have attracted considerable attention as therapeutic agents due to their diversity and biocompatibility. However, hydrophilic proteins possess difficulty in penetrating lipophilic cell membrane. Although protein transduction domains (PTDs) have shown effectiveness in protein delivery, the importance of selection and position of PTDs in recombinant protein vector constructs has not been investigated. This study intends to investigate the significance of PTD selection and position for therapeutic protein delivery. Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) would be a therapeutic protein for the treatment of ischemic heart diseases, but itself is insufficient to prevent systemic degradation and overcoming biochemical barriers during cellular transport. Among all PTD-Hsp27 fusion proteins we cloned, Tat-Hsp27 fusion protein showed the highest efficacy. Nona-arginine (9R) conjugation to the N-terminal of Hsp27 (Hsp27-T) showed higher efficacy than C-terminal. To test the synergistic effect of two PTDs, Tat was inserted to the N-terminal of Hsp27-9R. Tat-Hsp27-9R exhibited enhanced transduction efficiency and significant improvement against oxidative stress and apoptosis. PTD-Hsp27 fusion proteins have strong potential to be developed as therapeutic proteins for the treatment of ischemic heart diseases and selection and position of PTDs for improved efficacy of PTD-fusion proteins need to be optimized considering protein’s nature, transduction efficiency and stability.</P>
Ul Ain, Q.,Chung, H.,Chung, J.Y.,Choi, J.H.,Kim, Y.H. Elsevier Science Publishers 2017 Journal of controlled release Vol.262 No.-
<P>Endothelial dysfunction combined with inflammation leads to atherosclerosis. Endothelium-specific delivery of therapeutic agents at the cellular level-specifically in vivo-is still a difficult task for proper management of atherosclerosis. We designed a redox-sensitive poly(oligo-L-arginine) (rsPOLA) playing dual roles as an endothelium alpha-2 adrenoceptors(alpha-2ARs)-targeted gene carrier and as a substrate for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Overexpression of alpha-2ARs on atherosclerotic endothelial cells was confirmed and the eNOS/rsPOLA nanoplexes following systemic injection demonstrated to 1) enhance eNOS gene delivery into endothelial cells via alpha-2ARs/L-arginine specific binding, 2) increase intracellular level of nitric oxide, 3) suppress inflammatory response in endothelium and finally 4) reduce atherosclerotic plaque in a Ldlr(-/-) atherosclerotic mouse model. Among the tested nanoplexes [ eNOS/rsPOLA, eNOS/{poly(oligo-D-arginine), rsPODA} and eNOS/(racemic mixture, rsRM)], eNOS/rsPOLA reduced atherosclerotic inflammation most effectively as we hypothesized. Current treatment strategy provides strong potential for further development of a gene therapeutic system to ameliorate inflammation and progressive atherosclerotic plaques.</P>
Nurul Ain Mohd Tahir,Paraidathathu Thomas,Shu Chuen Li 셀메드 세포교정의약학회 2015 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.5 No.4
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practice is still popular among the Malaysian population nowadays although western or allopathic medicine is the first line of treatment. Dissatisfaction with health services and therapeutic effects of western medicine or preference for holistic, integrative approach in treatment are common reasons favouring the increasing popularity of CAM practices. The efforts toward integration of CAM and western medicine in Malaysia were rather slow and in a piece-meal fashion. Strategic efforts in strengthening government and self-regulation among practitioners, formalizing education, promoting research, and cultivating national and international networks are necessary to achieve an integrative system. Regulations to restrict the practice and sale of CAM products to licensed practitioners, strict and mandatory registration of the practitioners, inclusion of CAM in essential medicines list, and pricing regulations must be comprehensively discussed. Development of curriculum, offers of scholarship and incentives, promotion of courses and seminars for professionals is necessary to increase the numbers of CAM experts. Malaysia should follow the efforts of other countries on the production and documentation of local CAM data, allocation of funding, and establishment of research centres to assess the efficacy of potentially useful local products. Local and international collaboration in research and continuous education is important for exchange of knowledge and skills. In conclusion more coordinated efforts in regulation of CAM practice and products, formalizing CAM training and education would significantly move the process forward and allow the public to enjoy more health benefits from CAM practice in Malaysia.
Nur Ain Iftitah Mohamad Razali,Sumit Pramanik,Noor Azuan Abu Osman,Zamri Radzi,Belinda Pingguan-Murphy 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2016 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.17 No.7
Bioactive ceramics such as hydroxyapatite (HA) can mimic the organic structure of human bone. HA was successfullysynthesized from animal bones, corals, and eggshells which have been studied for bone repairing treatment and as implantcoatings. This study aims to synthesize nanorod HA from cockle shells via two routes: calcination and the hydrothermalmethod. The raw cockle shells were converted to calcite by calcination method at 450 oC (CS450) and 800 oC (CS800) for 2 hrs. The calcite calcium carbonate samples were reacted with diammonium hydrogen phosphate and hydrothermally treated at110 oC. The pH of the solution was kept at 10.5 throughout the synthesis step by adding drops of ammonia. Product obtainedwas labelled as HA450 and HA800 containing HA powder. Presence of calcite phase in the raw cockle shells was characterizedby utilizing Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transforms infrared spectrophotometer(FTIR) analyses and morphologically analyzed by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The best result wasobtained from the HA800 sample where nanoparticle with rod-like shape was observed (aspect ratio = 7) while needle-likeparticle was seen in HA450 sample (aspect ratio = 20). High purity HA was developed in HA800 sample while HA450 showedsmall presence of calcite phase. In vitro bioactivity test of HA powder samples incubated simulated body fluid (SBF) for 1, 3,8, 15 and 21 days showed high bioactivity in both samples by forming apatite agglomerate on the surfaces. Highermicrohardness strength was observed in HA800 compared to HA450, CS450 and CS800 sintered pellet samples.
Nur Ain Solehah ABD RASIDI,Nurul Haqimin MOHD SALLEH,Jagan JEEVAN 국제이네비해양경제학회 2019 International Journal of e-Navigation and Maritime Vol.13 No.1
Maritime transportation plays a significant role in global economies. Seaports as primal nodes in maritime supply chain are also indispensable in ensuring efficient and effective global trading. On the other hand, seaport inefficiencies have profound influences on the overall performance which can cause congestion, operational disruption, high cost expenses, unnecessary wastes and environmental pollution, which eventually resulting significant financial losses. As a result, business and environmental sustainability will not be achieved. In order to overcome these hindrances, a novel performance model of Lean, Agile, Resilience and Green (LARG) is proposed as management tools for enhancing the business and environmental sustainability in seaport supply chain operations. The compatibility of LARG paradigms in seaport supply chain need to be identified and analysed to achieve the research aim. This paper employed a compatibility analysis for the new LARG paradigm for enhancing seaport supply chain practices. In this analysis, all potential paradigms are thoroughly reviewed and further validated by the domain experts consisting of academic and industry experts. The result of this paper shows that 17 selected LARG paradigms are compatible with 23 seaport supply chain practices respectively. For future research, the identified paradigms can be further investigated for many purposes such as measuring their influence on seaport supply chain practices and even assessing their applicability. It is worth mentioning that this research outcomes can assist Malaysian seaport practitioners to develop an enhanced management paradigm to boost their performance based on LARG model. Moreover, this model also can be applied globally as it is able to be adapted, revised and adjusted to suit the seaport preferences. As a result, this model able to enhance business capabilities, operational efficiencies and competitive advantages of seaport supply chain operations globally.
Determinants of Healthcare Utilisation among the elderly in Malaysia
( Noor`ain Mohamad Yunus ),( Noor Hazilah Abdul Manaf(phd) ),( Azura Omar(phd) ) 한국품질경영학회 2015 한국품질경영학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.2
Purpose: Ageing is a truly important global phenomenon that is proceeding at a very fast pace in many parts of the developing world. Consequently, this trend will demand larger proportion of financial resources to be allocated for healthcare services in the future. Therefore, this study will be conducted to investigate the determinants of utilisation of healthcare services for the elderly. Design/methodology/approach: This paper which is based on literature review, presents the theoretical and empirical literature on determinants of healthcare utilisation and the outcome of healthcare utilisation towards the elderly. Findings: Drawing from past literature review, the authors argue that individual characteristics, psychosocial characteristics and health literacy contribute to the utilisation of healthcare resources of the elderly. Furthermore, the researchers has discussed the impact of healthcare utilisation towards the outcomes, namely perceived health status and patient satisfaction of the elderly. Originality/value: This paper will build up upon the present knowledge by exploring the contributing factors of utilisation of healthcare services among the elderly. This paper is valuable for researchers interested in the field of healthcare utilisation.