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Optimal Routing Strategy on Scale-free Networks with Heterogeneous Delivering Capacity
Zou Yamei,Li Zuoming 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.8 No.1
We proposed the information traffic dynamics on scale-free networks considering the heterogeneous delivering capacity. In the previous researches, the delivering capacity is the same for all nodes in the system, which obviously contradicts the real observations. In this paper, a heuristic algorithm for the optimization of transport is proposed to enhance traffic efficiency in complex networks, where each node's capacity is set as ci = ki and ki is the degree of node i. Our algorithm balances traffic on a scale-free network by minimizing the maximum effective betweenness, which can avoid or reduce the overload in some busy nodes. The simulation result shows that the network capacity can reach a very high value, which is four times more than that of the efficient routing strategy. The distribution of traffic load is also studied and it is found that our optimal routing strategy can make a good balance between hub nodes and non-hub nodes, resulting in high network capacity.
Tianming Lin,Zuoming Zhou,Yixuan Liu,Xiaoyan Wang,Guohua Jing 한국생물공학회 2014 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.19 No.1
A two-stage bioreduction system containingmagnetic-microsphere-immobilized denitrifying bacteria andiron-reducing bacteria was developed for the regenerationof scrubbing solutions for NOx removal. In this process, ahigher bioreduction rate and a better tolerance of inhibitionof bacteria were achieved with immobilized bacteria thanwith free bacteria. This work focused on evaluation of theeffects of the main components in the scrubbing solutionon Fe(III)EDTA (EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetate) andFe(II)EDTA-NO reduction, with an emphasis on masstransfer and the kinetic model of Fe(III)EDTA andFe(II)EDTA-NO reduction by immobilized bacteria. It wasfound that Fe(II)EDTA-NO had a strong inhibiting effect,but Fe(II)EDTA had no effect, on Fe(III)EDTA reduction. Fe(II)EDTA accelerated Fe(II)EDTA-NO reduction, whereasFe(III)EDTA had no effect. This showed that the use of thetwo stages of regeneration was necessary. Moreover, theeffect of internal diffusion on Fe(III)EDTA and Fe(II)EDTANOreduction could be neglected, and the rate-limiting stepwas the bioreduction process. The reduction of Fe(III)EDTAand Fe(II)EDTA-NO using immobilized bacteria wasdescribed by a first-order kinetic model. Bioreduction cantherefore be enhanced by increasing the cell density in themagnetic chitosan microspheres.
Carbon sequestrating fertilizers as a tool for carbon sequestration in agriculture under aridisols
Tahir Mukkram Ali,Hamza Ameer,Noor-us-Sabah,Hussain Sajad,Xie Zuoming,Brestic Marian,Rastogi Anshu,Allakhverdiev Suleyman I.,Sarwar Ghulam 한국탄소학회 2022 Carbon Letters Vol.32 No.7
Carbon is a part of all living creatures and it is the chief constructing block for life on this planet carbon occurs in several appearances, mainly as plant biomass, organic matter in soil, as gas CO2 in the air and dissipated in seawater. Soil carbon exhausts when production of carbon increases than carbon contribution. Soil comprises nearly 75% of total carbon existing on land, more than the quantity stockpiled in living animals and plants. So, soil plays a major part in maintaining a stable carbon cycle. Over the previous 150-year-period, the quantity of carbon present in the air has amplified by 30%. Majority of scientists thought that there is a straight relationship amongst amplified levels of CO2 in the air and increasing global warming. One anticipated technique to diminish atmospheric CO2 is to escalate the global packing of carbon in soils. Therefore, there is a necessity to manage soils because soil comprises more inorganic carbon as compared to the atmosphere and more organic carbon as compared to the biosphere. Soil is also thought to be a lively and important constituent in global carbon discharge and potential of sequestration. Carbon sequestration, known commonly as C-storage, can be acquired by different controlling practices, and the size of various management techniques, to enhance C-storage of soil and offer a key basin for atmospheric CO2, can be assessed most persuasively from studies conducted over long time that underwrite exclusive data on soil C accumulation, losses and storage. Sequestration happens when input of carbon enhances as compared to output of carbon. Soil carbon sequestration is the method of relocating CO2 from the air in to the soil with crop leftover and additional organic solids and in a configuration that is not instantly emitted back to the atmosphere. This review focused on beneficial role of carbon sequestrating fertilizers (press mud, boiler ash and compost) in carbon sequestration and soil properties.
Yoon, Tae-Sik,Kim, Hyun-Mi,Kim, Ki-Bum,Ryu, Du Yeol,Russell, Thomas P.,Zhao, Zuoming,Liu, Jian,Xie, Ya-Hong WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Physica Status Solidi. B Vol.246 No.4
<P>The growth behaviour and microstructure of epitaxially grown self-assembled Ge quantum dots on patterned SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/Si(001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy were studied. The hexagonally ordered Si holes with 30 nm thick SiO<SUB>2</SUB> mask layer having ∼25 nm diameter, ∼40 nm center-to-center distance, and density of ∼7 × 10<SUP>10</SUP> cm<SUP>–2</SUP>, were formed using self-assembled diblock copolymer, composed of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b -PMMA). The multiple Ge nuclei are selectively formed along the periphery of the individual Si holes and these nuclei subsequently coalesce forming single dot with an identical size of patterns. The strain of dots is relaxed up to 80%. The lattice planes of some Ge dots are found to be tilted from those of Si substrates. The Ge dots have dislocations at the interface with Si substrate even at the small size of ∼25 nm, resulting from the limited elastic relaxation in the confined patterned structure. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</P>