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Effect of slag on stabilization of sewage sludge and organic soil
Kaya, Zulkuf Techno-Press 2016 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.10 No.5
Soil stabilization is one of the useful method of ground improvement for soil with low bearing capacity and high settlement and unrequired swelling potential. Generally, the stabilization is carried out by adding some solid materials. The main objective of this research was to investigate the feasibility of stabilization of organic soils and sewage sludge to obtain low cost alternative embankment material by the addition of two different slags. Slags were used as a replacement for weak soil at ratios of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, where sewage sludge and organic soil were blended with slags separately. The maximum dry unit weights and the optimum water contents for all soil mixtures were determined. In order to investigate the influence of the slags on the strength of sewage sludge and organic soil, and to obtain the optimal mix design; compaction tests, the California bearing ratio (CBR) test, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, hydraulic conductivity test (HCT) and pH tests were carried out on slag-soil specimens. Unconfined compressive tests were performed on non-cured samples and those cured at 7 days. The test results obtained from untreated specimens were compared to tests results obtained from soil samples treated with slag. Laboratory tests results indicated that blending slags with organic soil or sewage sludge improved the engineering properties of organic or sewage sludge. Therefore, it is concluded that slag can be potentially used as a stabilizer to improve the properties of organic soils and sewage sludge.
The Effects of Process Parameters for Joining of AISI 1010-Cu Alloys by Friction Welded
Ugur Caligulu,Mustafa Acik,Zulkuf Balalan,Nida Kati 한국강구조학회 2015 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.15 No.4
In this study, the effects of process parameters for joining of AISI 1010 low carbon steel and copper alloys by friction welded were investigated. Low carbon steel and commercial copper each of 12 mm diameter was used to fabricate the joints. The friction welding tests were carried out using a direct-drive type friction welding machine which was designed and manufactured for this purpose by us. After friction welding, in order to determine the microstructural changes that occurred, the interface regions of the welded specimens were examined by means of OM, SEM, EDS and X-Ray analysis. Microhardness and tensile tests were conducted to determine the mechanical properties of the welded specimens. The experimental results indicated that AISI 1010 low carbon steel could be joined to copper using the friction welding technique and for achieving a welding with a sufficient strength, the friction time has to be held as short as possible, while the rotational speed, friction and forging pressure has to be as high as possible. Tensile strength values also confirmed this result and at the interface did not occurred intermetallic phases. The maximum tensile strength of 294,67 MPa could be obtained for the joints welded under the welding conditions of rotation speed of 2300 rpm, friction pressure of 40 MPa, forging pressure of 80 MPa, friction time of 6 s and forging time of 3 s.