HLA-DP Polymorphisms on HBV, HDV Superinfection in Mongolian Individuals

( Zolzaya D ),( Ganchimeg D ),( Anarmaa M ),( Lkhaasuren N ),( Tegshjargal B ),( Sarantuya G ),( Oyungerel G ),( Surenjav Ch ),( Tulgaa L ),( Otgonbayar I ),( Munkhtuvshin N ),( Nishida N ),( Bira N ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

The Metaphorical Conceptualization of Emotions in English and Mongolian

Zolzaya Choijin 언어과학회 2013 언어과학연구 Vol.0 No.66

This paper aims to contribute to the current issue on the universality and culture-specificity of the conceptualization of emotions with specific reference to love, anger, sadness and happiness across cultures by showing evidence from Mongolian in comparison with English. It examines the culture/language-specific realizations of the CONTAINER metaphor in English and Mongolian within the CMT framework, The differences of conceptual metaphors in the two languages have been analyzed along a number of parameters proposed by Barcelona (2001) and Kovecses (2001).The culture/language-specific elaborations of conceptual metaphors are only grounded on cultural salience as well as cultural embodiment at a specific level in English and Mongolian.

Anger Metaphors in Mongolian and Korean

Zolzaya Choijin 언어과학회 2018 언어과학연구 Vol.0 No.87

The concept of emotions has been one of the controversial topics for many years in cognitive linguistics. However, there also have been very few comparative studies on the use of metaphors in Mongolian. With these several motivations, this study aims to investigate some differences between anger metaphors in Mongolian and Korean. This study is done within the framework of Conceptual Metaphor Theory. To perform the study, some culture-specific metaphorical expressions of anger are analyzed through a conceptual analysis by qualitative methods in Mongolian and Korean. Finally, this research provides a systematic comparative generalization of conceptual metaphors in relation to anger in sedentary and nomadic cultures. Thus, this study will be a great contribution to understanding the relationship between language, culture and cognition.

Anger Metaphors in Mongolian and Korean

( Zolzaya Choijin ) 현대영미어문학회 2018 현대영미어문학회 추계학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.-

NOMAD’S PERSPECTIVES: THE CONCEPT OF ANGER IN THE SECRET HISTORY OF MONGOLS

Zolzaya Choijin 단국대학교 몽골연구소 2024 몽골지역연구 Vol.9 No.1

This study is motivated by the fact the use of metaphors in Mongolian from a cognitive perspective, which is a relatively new idea for Mongolian linguistics. For this reason, this study attempts to propose a proper cultural model to treat emotion concepts in Mongolian and demonstrate how cultural aspects, figurative languages of emotions, and human physiology play active roles in this system of language and culture. Thus, adopting a cognitive linguistic perspective, this study investigates the metaphorical linguistic expressions of emotion concepts in relation to anger Mongolian. Specifically, it examines culture-specific and language-specific realizations of conceptual metaphors for emotions in Mongolian within the CMT framework based on the historical source titled “Secret History of the Mongols”. This current study highlights the importance of culture in understanding the relationship between metaphor, culture, and cognition, and it provides generalizations for the basic emotion concept of anger and gives fundamental explanations in Mongolian. This systematic analysis of emotional metaphors in Mongolian contributes importantly to the major claims of the Contemporary Metaphor Theory, which states that metaphors are grounded on both universal embodiment and social-cultural experiences. Even though English and Mongolian belong to very different language families representing totally different sedentary and nomadic cultures, they share some universal conceptual metaphors for particular emotions with each other. Emotion metaphors are closely related to certain physical aspects of the human body across cultures; however, the speakers of English and Mongolian differ in many ways: differential experiential basis, cognitive preferences, social and physical environments, and the histories of the two nations. Finally, this research summarizes by stating that universal human embodied experiences can be the basis for highly schematic conceptualizations of emotions across cultures. The culture-specific and language-specific mappings and their elaborations are grounded only on cultural embodiment at a specific level in cultures.

Comparison of body image perception, nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, and dietary habits between Korean and Mongolian college students

Zolzaya Erdenebileg,So Hyun Park,Kyung Ja Chang 한국영양학회 2018 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.12 No.2

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: College students are in transition from adolescence to adulthood, and it has been reported that they show poor dietary habits. This study was conducted to compare body image perception, nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, dietary habits, and health-related lifestyles between Korean college students (KCS) and Mongolian college students (MCS). SUBJECTS/METHODS: Subjects were 314 KCS and 280 MCS. The data includes results of self-administered questionnaires; statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 23.0 program. RESULTS: With regards to body image perception, KCS perceived themselves to be fatter on current body image than ideal body image compared to MCS; 64.0% of KCS and 34.6% of MCS desired to be thinner. Total score of nutrition knowledge in KCS (17.0) was significantly higher compared to MCS (8.4) (P < 0.001), but total score of dietary attitudes in KCS (27.0) was significantly lower compared to MCS (31.2) (P < 0.001). Nutrition knowledge had a significantly positive correlation with dietary attitudes in MCS (P < 0.01). Meal consumption among male and female subjects was 2 and 3 times, respectively, in order in KCS, and 3 and 2 times, respectively, in order in MCS (P < 0.001). Rate of skipping breakfast in both genders was significantly higher in KCS than in MCS (male: P < 0.05, female: P < 0.001). In health-related lifestyles, KCS had a significantly higher rate in frequency of alcohol drinking (P < 0.001), exercise (P < 0.01), and mobile phone usage (P < 0.001), compared to MCS. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that development of nutrition education program which is effective and proper is required to improve healthy dietary habits among college students of both countries. Essential contents should include acquirement of nutrition knowledge and a motivation for its application to actual life for KCS, and improvement of healthy dietary habits for MCS.

ANALYSIS OF AIR QUALITY INDICATORS: Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in Ulaanbaatar City Mongolia

Zolzaya Gungaa,Usukhbayar Bayarsaikhan,Batzaya Gungaa 단국대학교 몽골연구소 2023 몽골지역연구 Vol.8 No.2

Regarding the sources of air pollution in Ulaanbaatar city, 56% is caused by households, heating boilers, and coal consumption, 20% by vehicle emissions and dust, 10% by power plant coal consumption, and 14% by garbage and soil pollution. In a report issued by WHO in December 2020, it was noted that the amount of fine particle matter PM2.5, which is one of the air pollutants in Ulaanbaatar city, is 27 times higher than the permissible level. This study shows that the number of people who die from esophageal cancer increases by 70 and the number of people who die from lung cancer increases by 1 μg/m3 in Ulaanbaatar city. Also, in the calculation of the average concentration of fine particulate matter PM 2.5, it was 12-19 μg/m3 higher than the standard level in the first and fourth quarters, and 37-40 μg/m3 lower than the standard level in the second and third quarters. The results of the analysis showed that when the amount of PM 2.5 increases by 1 μg/m3, road and transport accidents increase by 705. In the city of Ulaanbaatar, when particulate matter (PM2.5) in the air, increases by 1 μg/m3, GDP tends to decrease by MNT 466,925 million, budget income by MNT 19,062.9 million, and labor force by 1,664 people. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE)=2.3% indicates that the prediction is optimal. Effective implementation of air quality management is essential to reduce air pollution. In terms of air quality management, it is necessary to determine the goals and objectives, evaluate the situation, make an action plan for further implementation, implement it, conduct monitoring and evaluation, and use the results of the evaluation to determine the next goals and objectives and continuously improve them.

AUTO CAR OWNERS LIABILITY INSURANCE RESEARCH: On the example of Ulaanbaatar city

Zolzaya Gungaa,Usukhbayar Bayarsaikhan 단국대학교 몽골연구소 2024 몽골지역연구 Vol.9 No.1

The world community and international financial institutions pay attention to the development of the insurance industry in Mongolia, and the insurance industry is widely used to reduce the financial burden on the government in the event of any danger, accident, or disaster, and to ease the financial difficulties that people and organizations may face in the event of a disaster or accident. At least 120 primary data were collected through a sample survey of insured car owners living in Ulaanbaatar, and statistical processing and analysis were conducted. As of 2022, a total of 2,619 licensees and rights holders are operating in the insurance market. This is a decrease of 4% compared to the previous year. As of 2022, a total of 737 branches of insurance companies are operating in the insurance market. This is an increase of 7.2 percent compared to the previous year. Calculating the average growth rate for the 9 years between 2012 and 2020, the average growth rate of the number of insurance contracts is 6.2%, the average growth rate of the number of insured persons is 12.7%, and the average growth rate of insurance premium income is 9.8%. 19.8% growth. The companies with the largest number of insurance contracts are Ard insurance and Mongol insurance, while the fewest insured companies are GanZam insurance and Nomin insurance. According to the results of the sample survey of motorists who have car insurance, they always take out car insurance (r=0.88), the policyholders are interested in getting car compensation regularly(r=0.97), and they pay a lot of basic premium for car insurance (r=0.97). Since insurance is an activity based on the mutual trust of people, it is necessary to collect primary data for research on insurance participants, and to conduct statistical processing and analysis in order to make accurate and realistic conclusions about the industry.

COVID-19 and Mongolian education sector: Comparison with the Republic of Korea

Zolzaya Bayarsaikhan,한기순 단국대학교 몽골연구소 2021 몽골지역연구 Vol.6 No.2

본 연구는 COVID-19 팬데믹 이후 교육현장이 어떻게 변화하였는지 몽골과 한국의 교육시스템을 비교하였다. 교육은 우리 사회의 중요 자원이므로, e-러닝으로의 전환은 기술 발전의 도움과 교육부문에 혁신적인 변화를 가져오고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 COVID-19 대유행 당시 한국 교육 분야의 모범 사례와 몽골에서의 시행 가능성을 연구하는 것이다. 각 국가의 다양한 예방 활동으로 인한 국가의 조치는 학습 결과 및 효과 측면에서 다양하게 나타나기 때문이다. 현재 원격 채널을 통해 교육을 제공하는 데 가장 중요한 요소는 학생, 원격 교육 콘텐츠, 커리큘럼, 교사, 부모 및 가족, 공공 기관이다. 이 연구는 2020년 1월부터 2020년 12월까지의 COVID-19의 교육에 대한 연구이다. 연구방법은 주로 문서 분석 및 2 차 정보 출처 분석을 기반으로 하였다. 보조 데이터 소스에는 이전 연구 작업, 정부, 국제기구, 공공 기관에서 수행 한 보고서 등도 포함되었다. 본 연구 결과는 원격 교육으로 전환 할 때 국가에서 가장 적합한 플랫폼을 선택해야하는 문제에 직면하는 점이다. 또한 다양한 전자 자원 및 특수 플랫폼에도 불구하고 모든 사람에게 적합하지 않았으며 문제 조치에 제한적이었다. 한국 외, 몽골국가에서는 교사에게 인터랙티브 전자 콘텐츠를 개발하고 온라인으로 수업을 제공해야 할 것으로 나타났다. 인프라 가용성과 도구에 대한 친숙도는 원격 학습의 성공 (및 과제)을 결정하는 요인이었다. 한국이 원격 학습에 성공한 반면, 인터넷, 셀룰러 및 텔레비전 보급이 제한된 몽골국가는 모든 학생에게 동등하게 교육효과의 도달을 위해 고군분투하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구는 2020년 1월부터 2020년 12월까지 시작되는 국가의 연습을 다룹니다.

The Media Portrayals on Women in Mongolia

Zolzaya BATKHUYAG 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2014 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 학술대회자료집 Vol.2014 No.1