Enhancement of bioactivity and bioavailability of curcumin with chitosan based materials

Khalid Mahmood Zia,Kashif Mahmood,Mohammad Zuber,Zill-i-Huma Nazli,Saima Rehman,Fatima Zia 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.12

Curcumin (CUR) has been investigated for its poor accessibility to a site of action or absorption and rapid metabolism to cope with the limited medication and cure applications. This article reviews numerous approaches, such as encapsulated surfactant/polymeric micelles, liposomes, micro/nano-spheres, nano-suspensions/composites, nanocomplex, films, and hydrogels for effective transfer of CUR to target sites. Chitosan (CS), and chitosan derivatives have been found to enhance therapeutic efficacy of CUR. CS/modified-CS based alginate, cyclodextrin, starch, dextran sulfate, ZnO, phytosomes, and poly(butyl) cyanoacrylate drug delivery matrices improved bioavailability, prolonged drug loading and permeability, sustained release rate, improved solubility and stability (prevent metabolic degradation) of CUR, consequently promoting various clinical applications. CS based polysaccharide, protein, and metal oxide drug delivery nano formulations advantageously participated to improve biological activities of CUR. We have attempted to summarize these delivery approaches, and reviewed future trends/strategies to permit the introduction of CUR as practical therapeutic drug.

Impact of CO2 Emissions, Exchange Rate Regimes, and Political Stability on Currency Crises: Evidence from South Asian Countries

Zia ULLLAH,Tan Xiao FEN,Fayaz Hussain TUNIO,Imran ULLAH 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.2

This study uses the panel probit model to investigate and evaluate the relationship between exchange rate regimes, political stability, and carbon dioxide during currency crises. To understand currency crisis times, we study a panel dataset of seven South Asian nations that contain annual observations from 1996 to 2020. Furthermore, we created the EMPI exchange market pressure indicator to detect crises. Our results strongly suggested that fixed exchange rate is negatively associated with currency crises, with good regulatory quality and better effective governments. Simultaneously, the floating exchange rate is positively related to the currency crises in those countries where the rule of law has less adequately flowed. However, CO2, exports, and interest rates are buoyantly associated with crises. The floating exchange rate, the rule of law, exports, and interest rate are associated positively and contribute more prone to the crisis episodes. Negatively associated variables contributed less amid crises episodes: fixed exchange rate regime, government effectiveness, and regulatory quality. Meanwhile, CO2 has a positive relationship with a currency crisis and contributes more likelihood to the probability of a currency crisis. Countries that adopted the fixed exchange rates with effective governments and regulatory quality faced more minor currency crises.

The Impact of HR Practices on Job satisfaction: A Case Study of Hotel Industry in Pakistan

Zia ul Islam,Shah Bano Bangish,Hussain Muhammad,Asad Shah Jehan 한국유통과학회 2016 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.3 No.1

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of HR practices such as (Recruitment, empowerment, working condition and compensation) on Job satisfaction in the prospects of Hotel Industry of Pakistan. The sample size for this study was 100 employees who were selected through convenience sampling techniques. This study was restricted to 10 Hotels of Peshawar. Hypotheses of the study were tested through correlation and regression analysis to inspect the employee’s satisfaction. The findings investigates that there is significant relationship between HR practices and job satisfaction. Moreover Recruitment and selection, empowerment and working condition have positive effect on job satisfaction, while compensation has negative effect on job satisfaction, which indicates that most of employees are not satisfied from payment of employer. Empirical findings concluded that best HR practices have significant and positive effect on employees job satisfaction. Therefore, it is suggested for HR manager to understand and implement the HR practices correctly to take good work from their employees.

WHY NATIONS FAIL: THE ORIGINS OF POWER, PROSPERITY AND POVERTY

ZIA OBAID 한국행정학회 2013 International Review of Public Administration Vol.18 No.1

Voiceprint Recognition Systems for Remote Authentication-A Survey

Zia Saquib,Nirmala Salam,Rekha Nair,Nipun Pandey 보안공학연구지원센터 2011 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.4 No.2

Does CO2 and Its Possible Determinants are Playing Their Role in the Environmental Degradation in Turkey. Environment Kuznets Curve Does Exist in Turkey.

Zia Ur RAHMAN 한국웰빙융합학회 2019 웰빙융합연구 Vol.2 No.2

Over the last few decades, the atmospheric carbon dioxide emission has been amplified to a great extent in Turkey. This amplification may cause global warming, climate change and environmental degradation in Turkey. Consequently, ecological condition and human life may suffer in the near future from these indicated threats. Therefore, an attempt was made to test the relationship among a number of expected factors and carbon dioxide emissions in the case of Turkey. The study covers the time series data over the period of 1970–2017. We employed the modern econometric techniques such as Johansen co-integration, ARDL bound testing approach and the block exogeneity. The results of the Johansen co-integration test show that there is a significant long-run relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and expected factors. The long-run elasticities of the ARDL model show that a 1% increase in the GDP per capita, electric consumption, fiscal development and trade openness will increase carbon dioxide emissions by 0.14, 0.52, 0.09 and 0.20% respectively. Further, our findings reveal that the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis and inverted U-shaped relationship between carbon dioxide emission and economic growth prevails. Therefore, the EKC hypothesis is valid and prevailing in the Turkish economy. The diagnostic test results show that the parameters of the ARDL model are credible, sTable and reliable in the current form. Finally, Block exogeneity analysis displays that all the expected factors are contributing significantly to carbon dioxide emissions in the Turkish economy.

The Relationship Between Capital Structure and Firm Performance: New Evidence from Pakistan

Zia ul ISLAM,Muhammad Mazhar IQBAL 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.2

The necessity for a theoretical explanation of the negative association between capital structure and company performance is identified in this study. By focusing on accounting metrics of business performance, this study is the first to investigate the moderating effects of firm size between these variables using logical reasoning. Due to the possibility of endogeneity, this study applies a two-step system GMM approach with data from 285 non-financial enterprises from PSX over a 21-year period. For robustness, we employed pooled OLS, fixed effect, and two-step difference GMM. Our data show that leverage has a detrimental impact on business performance, with size acting as a moderator in the same direction. Our analysis empirically supports some studies while refuting others due to inconsistent results in the literature, but no study has theoretically justified their negative link. We believe that because larger companies have more and easier access to capital markets, they focus primarily on the amount of return, even if the investment is inefficient in terms of the rate of return, but small businesses do not. As a result of this thinking, firm managers’ performance suffers as a result of leverage.

The anatomical variations of median nerve in Shiraz, Iran

Zia Moasses,Arefeh Aryan,Ashraf Hassanpour-Dehnavi,Mohammad Zarenezhad,Alireza Dorodchi 대한해부학회 2024 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.57 No.1

The origin and distribution of median nerve varies among the different individuals. The median nerve variations in axillary region were reported by many authors previously. Understanding of these variations is especially necessary for clinicians to prevent iatrogenic nerve damage. The current work aimed to evaluate the possible anatomical variations of median nerve in the axillary region in a sample of the Iranian cadavers (Shiraz, Fars). We dissected 26 upper limbs from 13 male cadavers to investigate the different variations of median and musculocutaneous nerves according to Venieratos and Anagnostopoulou classification. In 23.07% of specimens (n=6), the medial root united with 2 lateral roots and formed the median nerve proximal to the coracobrachialis muscle. In one case, a communicating branch separated from the musculocutaneous nerve distal to the coracobrachialis and connected to the median nerve in upper arm. Our results suggest that there are anatomical variations of the median nerve in terms of its origin and its communication with the musculocutaneous nerve in the population of southern Iran. The anatomical knowledge of the median nerve variations is important for clinicians to improve patient health outcome. Theses variations of the median nerve should be considered during surgical procedures of the axillary region and nerve block of the infra clavicular part of the brachial plexus.

An Efficient Synthesis of 2-Alkyl-4-hydroxy-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide-1,1-dioxides

Zia ur Rehman, Muhammad,Choudary, Jamil Anwar,Ahmad, Saeed Korean Chemical Society 2005 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.26 No.11

An efficient and environment friendly method has been described for the synthesis of various 2-alkyl-4-hydroxy-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide-1,1-dioxides starting from N-alkylation of sodium obenzosulfimide in an ionic liquid for the first time. Ring cleavage and ring closure of the resulting product were achieved in a single step in a cost effective solvent (methanol) followed by N-alkylation of resulting alkyl 4-hydroxy-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate in ionic liquid while boron triflouride was used as a catalyst along with molecular sieves in carboxamide formation step.

Ionic liquids based fluorination of organic compounds using electrochemical method

Zia Ul Haq Khan,Yongmei Chen,Dondan Kong,Nawshad Muhammad,Arif Ullah Khan,Faheem Ullah Khan,Kamran Tahir,Aftab Ahmad,Lei Wang,Pingyu Wan 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.31 No.-

Ionic liquids due to their advantageous properties gain importance in many fields. This study aims tooverview the use of ionic liquids in the selective partial fluorination of organic compounds throughelectrochemical method. In addition to ionic liquid based fluorination, the earlier approaches offluorination through an electrochemical process have also been highlighted. The factors such aselectrode materials (Pt, Ni, and C), types of solvents (CH3CN, DMC, THF, DME, Sulfone, etc.) and type ofelectrolytes (Et3N 3HF, Et3NF 3HF, py HF, etc.) which affect the electrochemical fluorination of organiccompounds have been reviewed. For electrode preparation, the carbon, platinum and nickel wereconsidered suitable materials to be used as an electrode. In CH3CN media, Et3N 3HF and Et4NF 3HFshowed better efficiency during fluorination of organic compounds. Solvent play an important role inelectrochemical fluorination of organic compounds, with the change of solvent the percentage yield ishighly affected. Py-HF is a convenient solvent-supporting electrolyte medium with a reasonably goodconductivity. The electrolyte containing solvents have some side effects on electrochemical fluorinationof organic compounds as observed in cyclic voltammetric analysis. Therefore electrochemicalfluorination to organic compounds without the use of solvent gained more importance. The ionicliquids have been reported for its dual properties, as solvent as well as a fluorinating agent for organiccompounds in electrochemical processes. It has been concluded that solvents free electrochemicalfluorination of organic compounds gives good results as compare to solvent based. Ionic liquids due tomore oxidative stability were noted to have considerable effect on the yield and selectivity of organiccompound fluorination.