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Liang Qing-shan,Xie Jian-Gang,Yu ChaoPing,Feng ZhuSheng,Ma JingChang,Zhang Yuan,Wang Dong,Lu JianGuo,Zhuang Ran,Yin Jikai 생화학분자생물학회 2021 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.53 No.-
Splenectomy has been reported to improve liver fibrosis in patients with cirrhosis and hypersplenism. However, the mechanisms remain unclear. Tumor necrosis factor superfamily 14 (TNFSF14; also known as LIGHT) is highly expressed in the context of fibrosis and promotes disease progression in patients with fibrotic diseases such as pulmonary and skin fibrosis. Here, we determined whether splenectomy controls the production of LIGHT to improve liver fibrosis. Splenectomy reduced serum LIGHT levels in cirrhotic patients with hypersplenism and a ConA-induced liver fibrosis mouse model. Blocking LIGHT resulted in the downregulation of TGF-β1 in RAW264.7 cells. LIGHT treatment of RAW264.7 and JS1 cells in coculture regulated transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression through the activation of JNK signaling. Small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) in macrophages resulted in pronounced decreases in the levels of fibrosis and αSMA in JS1 cells. These results indicated that LIGHT bound to LTβR and drove liver fibrosis in vitro. Blocking TGF-β1 abolished the effect of LIGHT in vitro. Furthermore, the administration of recombinant murine LIGHT protein-induced liver fibrosis with splenectomy, while blocking LIGHT without splenectomy improved liver fibrosis in vivo, revealing that the decrease in fibrosis following splenectomy was directly related to reduced levels of LIGHT. Thus, high levels of LIGHT derived from the spleen and hepatic macrophages activate JNK signaling and lead to increased TGF-β1 production in hepatic macrophages. Splenectomy attenuates liver fibrosis by decreasing the expression of LIGHT.
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Hydrothermal Synthesis of La-Mn-hexaaluminates for the Catalytic Combustion of Methane
Xu, Jinguang,Zhijian Tian,Wang, Junwei,Yunpeng Xu,Zhusheng Xu,Lin, Liwn 한국화학공학회 2003 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.20 No.2
Hydrothermal synthesis by using urea hydrolysis at 1.0~3.0MPa and 120~130℃ was employed to prepare Mn-substituted hexaaluminate catalysts for methane combustion. The results from DTA-MS demonstrated that CO^2-_3 and OH^- anions co-exist in the hydrothermal reaction. XRD reveals that the components of carbonates of carbonates and hydroxides in the hydrothermal reaction are more favorable than those in the(NH_4)_2CO_3 co-precipitation for the formation of the Mn-substituted hexaaluminate phase. After calcination at 1,200℃ for 2h, LaMnAl_11O_19 is the major phase of the catalyst prepared by the hydrothermal synthesis method while LaAlO_3 is the major one of the catalysts prepared by NH_4OH and (NH_4)_2CO_3 co-precipitation. The catalyst prepared by hydrothermal synthesis has higher activity than that prepared by NH_4OH and (NH_4)CO_3 co-precipitation. The major reason is that more Mn^2+ ions have incorporated into the hexaaluminate lattice. The effect of drying methods on the formation of hexaaluminate phase was also discussed.
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