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徐紫淳(xu, zhi-chun) 한국서예학회 2021 서예학연구 Vol.39 No.-
전지 (剪紙)는 절단 · 조각 · 리머 · 줄 깎기 등의 기술 수단을 통해 제작한 예술품이다. 한조때 종이의 발명은 중국 민간전지예술의 발전을 촉진하였으며 이로써 전지예술은 첫 고봉을 이루었다. 그러나 이러한 고봉기는 전지의 수량의 증가에서만 반영되었고 민간전지의 자연발생적 성격과 농경기초는 질적인 변화를 가져오지 않았다. 전지 학자들은 보편적으로 한대(漢代)는 중국민간전지가 나타난 진정한 기점이라고 여기고, 중국민간전지예술은 ‘형식’ 과 ‘변이’의 이중 특징을 가지고 있다고 결론지었다. 종목특색이 성행하거나 주도될 때 민간전지예술은 전승의 안정성을 보여준다. 변이성의 특징이 주도적 지위를 차지할 때 민간전지예술은 발전의 혁신성을 보여주었다. 한조로부터 청조말기에 이르기까지 풍격화 특징은 중국 민간전지의 변천에서 주도적 역할을 하였다. 종이가 등장하기 전에는 나뭇잎, 실크, 가죽, 호일 등을 이용한 ‘종이 오리기’ 무대가 있었다. 동한시기 채후지의 발명은 전지를 전지로 전환시킬 수 있게 하였지만 채후지가 발명된 초기에 채후의 종이는 가격이 비싸 진정으로 종이를 자르거나 조각하는 과정에 사용하기가 어려웠다. 신장 투루판, 주얼 고분에서 출토된 북조시대 원숭이 자투리, 말 자투리, 팔각 자투리, 금은화 자투리, 국화 자투리 등 5점의 전지 조각이 실물 자료로는 가장 오래된 것이다. 수당시기에 사람들은 설날, 청명절, 단오절, 칠석절, 원소절 등에 전지를 이용해 새해를 맞이하였는데, 이는 민간에서 전지를 이용한 응용이 명절과 신앙과 밀접한 관계가 있음을 보여준다. 세계 각지의 거의 모든 고대 문자는 모두 상형문자이다. 한자는 수 천 년의 발전과 변화를 거쳐 유전되어 오늘의 한자로 되었다. 이런 필체로 형성된 서예는 선인들의 인격이상, 심미정신과 윤리 관념을 응집시켰다. 중화민족에 대한 한자의 규범과 응집작용은 세계 모든 문화가운데서 유일무이하다. 한자와 중국전통의 전지(剪紙)는 모두 중화민족이 수 천 년 간 이어온 우수한 전통문화 예술유산이다. 그들 사이에는 많은 비슷한 점이 있다. 이들은 중국문화사상의 기본정신을 집중하였고 중국문화사상의 개념을 포함하였으며 중국문화전통의 도덕정신과 예술정신을 구현하고 있다. 하지만 여러 가지 이유로 문화예술의 교류와 융합의 기회는 많지 않다. 서로 결합한다면 민족예술의 창조를 위한 긍정적인 의미가 있을 것이라고 말했다. ‘한자 전지’는 중국 전지(剪紙)의 한 형태로 한자와 서예와 전지를 유기적으로 결합시켰다. 이 글은 한대(漢代) 전지예술의 형성으로부터 시작하여 중국 고대인의 관념과 정신적 요구를 탐구하였으며 전지의 기원으로부터 시작하여 전지예술 언어, 제작기술, 창작방법, 창작방법, 창작방법 등을 분석하였다. 세화의 인물 형상과 사회적 의의는 서로 다른 시기의 역사 배경, 사회 문화 습관과 결부하여 전지와 기타 예술 형식의 관계 및 전지 예술이 나타내는 동방의 매력과 사상을 탐구한다. 이 글은 전지 예술의 발전 역사를 정리하여 전지의 예술적 특징을 분석하고, 전지 예술 중의 상서로움을 상징하는 것에 대해 분석하고 연구한다. Jian zhi(剪纸) is a work of art made by cutting, carving, reaming, filing and other technical means. The invention of paper in han Dynasty promoted the first peak of the development of Chinese folk paper-cutting art. However, this peak is only reflected in the increase in the number of paper-cutting, and the spontaneous nature of folk paper-cutting and the foundation of farming have not undergone qualitative changes. Paper-cut scholars generally believe that the Han Dynasty is the real origin of Chinese folk paper-cut, and conclude that Chinese folk paper-cut art has the dual characteristics of program and variation . When the program features are prevalent or dominant, folk paper-cut art shows the stability of inheritance; When the characteristics of variability dominate, folk paper-cut art shows innovation in development. From the Han Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, stylization played a leading role in the evolution of Chinese folk paper-cutting. Before paper, there was a paper-cut stage with leaves, silk, leather and foil as carriers. The invention of Caihou paper in the Eastern Han Dynasty made it possible to transform paper-cutting into paper-cutting. However, in the early days of the invention of Caihou paper, it was difficult to apply paper to cutting and carving because of its high price. In terms of material material, the five pieces of paper-cut fragments unearthed from turpan and Zhuoer tombs in The Northern Dynasty, namely, monkey flowers, horse flowers, star anise flowers, honeysuckle flowers and chrysanthemum flowers, are the earliest Jian zhi objects discovered so far. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, people celebrated the New Year with paper-cuts on festivals such as Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Qixi Festival and Lantern Festival, which shows that the application of folk paper-cuts is closely related to festivals and beliefs. Almost all ancient characters around the world are pictographs. After thousands of years of development and evolution, Chinese characters have been handed down and evolved into today s Chinese characters. The calligraphy art formed by this kind of writing embodies the personality ideal, aesthetic spirit and ethical concept of our ancestors. The normative and cohesive function of Chinese characters to the Chinese nation is unique among all cultures in the world. Chinese characters and traditional Chinese paper cutting are both excellent traditional cultural and artistic heritages of the Chinese nation for thousands of years. There are many similarities between them. They concentrate the basic spirit of Chinese cultural thought, contain the concept of Chinese cultural thought, and embody the moral spirit and artistic spirit of Chinese cultural tradition. However, due to various reasons, there are few opportunities for cultural and artistic exchanges and integration between the two countries. If it can be combined, it will have positive significance for the innovation of national art. Chinese character paper cutting is a form of Chinese paper cutting, which organically combines Chinese characters, calligraphy and Jian zhi. Such a variety of ways for the creation of paper cutting art auspicious meaning is very helpful, this paper from the Han Dynasty paper cutting art formed, discussed the concept and spiritual needs of ancient Chinese people, from the origin of paper cutting, analysis of paper cutting art language, production technology, creation methods, creation methods, creation methods, etc. The characters and social significance of the New Year pictures are combined with the historical background, social culture and customs of different periods to discuss the connection between paper cutting and other art forms and the Oriental charm and thought reflected by paper cutting art. This paper combs the development course of paper-cut art, analyzes the artistic characteristics of Jian zhi,
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Xu, Xiang,Li, Lv-mu,Li, Bin,Guo, Wen-jie,Ding, Xiao-ling,Xu, Fa-zhi Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.10
Objective: This study investigated the effect of fermented biogas residue (FBR) of wheat on the performance, serum biochemical parameters, and meat quality in pigs. Methods: We selected 128 pigs (the mean initial body weight was $40.24{\pm}3.08kg$) and randomly allocated them to 4 groups (1 control group and 3 treatment groups) with 4 replicates per group and 8 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design based on initial body weight and sex. The control group received a corn-soybean meal-based diet, the treatment group fed diets containing 5%, 10%, and 15% FBR, respectively (abbreviated as FBR5, FBR10, and FBR15, respectively). Every group received equivalent-energy and nitrogen diets. The test lasted 60 days and was divided into early and late stages. Blood and carcass samples were obtained on 60 d. Meat quality was collected from two pigs per pen. Results: During the late stage, the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of the treatment groups was greater than that of the control group (p<0.05). During the entire experiment, the average daily gain of the treatment groups was higher than that of the control group (p<0.05). Fermented biomass residue did not significantly affect serum biochemical parameters or meat quality, but did affect amino acid profiles in pork. The contents of Asp, Arg, Tyr, Phe, Leu, Thr, Ser, Lys, Pro, Ala, essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids, and total amino acids in pork of FBR5 and FBR10 were greater than those of the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: These combined results suggest that feeding FBR could increase the average daily gain and average daily feed intake in pigs and the content of several flavor-promoting amino acids.
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Preparation of HMX by Catalytic Nitrolysis of DPT in AIL-N_2O_5-HNO_3 System
Zhi-yong He,Jun Luo,Chun-xu Lü,Ping Wang,Rong Xu,Jin-shan Li 대한화학회 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.8
Direct nitrolysis of 3,7-dinitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazabicyclo[3,3,1]nonane (DPT) is a feasible way to synthesize HMX, and it has multiple practical applications. In this paper, a new nitrolysis process involving the use of an N_2O_5-HNO_3 system catalyzed by acidic ionic liquids (AILs) was developed. The results show that [Et_3NH]TsO was the best catalyst among the 28 AILs used and that HMX was formed at a higher yield of 61%, compared to 45% without any AIL. Moreover, with the addition of N_2O_5, the yield was further increased to a maximum value of 69%. The AILs were also efficiently recovered by simple extractions without any apparent loss of catalytic activity, even after five runs.
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Xu, Jia,Liu, Chang,Zhou, Lei,Tian, Feng,Tai, Ming-Hui,Wei, Ji-Chao,Qu, Kai,Meng, Fan-Di,Zhang, Ling-Qiang,Wang, Zhi-Xin,Zhang, Jing-Yao,Chang, Hu-Lin,Liu, Si-Nan,Xu, Xin-Shen,Song, Yan-Zhou,Liu, Jun,Z Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.2
Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a significant marker for clinical diagnosis and prognosis evaluation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, some proportion of liver cancer patients are AFP-negative (AFP ${\leq}$20ng/ml). In order to study the differences between clinicopathological factors and prognosis of alpha-fetoprotein negative and positive patients, a total of 114 cases (41 AFP-negative and 73 AFP-positive) were selected for our research. By systematically statistical analysis, the results demonstrated that compared with AFP-negative patients, AFP-positive examples were more likely to feature cirrhosis nodules, non-complete neoplasm capsules, and a poor Edmondson-steiner grade. Furthermore, AFP-negative patients demonstrated a favorable long-term prognosis. By univariate analysis and multivariate analysis with Cox's proportional hazards model, multiple tumors were found to be independent risk factors for worse survival of AFP negative patients; however, less tumor-free margins, multiple tumors and Edmondson-steiner grades III/IV, proved to be independent risk factors leading to a poor prognosis of AFP positive cases. Finally, we can infer that high levels of AFP signify a highly malignant tumor and unfavorable prognosis.
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Xu Zhi-Yang,Meng Fan-Jing 한국물리학회 2021 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.79 No.5
The flow and force chain characteristics of metal powder in high-velocity compaction are not fundamentally understood because of the complexities and discreteness of these particle systems. A 2D discrete element model of a metal powder subjected to uniaxial compaction is developed. The flow state of particles, the force chain distribution, and the influence of the main model parameters on the force chains are investigated. Results indicate a collisional particle flow stage at the beginning of compaction. Then, the flow state of particles can rapidly be classified as a dense particle flow. In addition, the contact force distribution for the collisional particle flow follows an exponential law, which is significantly different from that for dense particle flow. The probability distribution of contact forces changes as a power function in the dense particle flow. The force chains initially deviate in the y-axis direction and then in the x-axis direction with increasing friction coefficient, and the distribution and load-carrying rates of the weak force chains decrease with increasing friction coefficient. Moreover, the force chains deflect in the direction of the x-axis with increasing the particle diameter, and the distribution rate and load-carrying rate of the weak force chains decrease with increasing particle diameter. These changes in the direction of the force chains are similar to the density changes in the compacted blank part parts. The distribution rate and the load-carrying rate of the weak force chains decrease with increasing friction coefficient, and the density of the blank part depends on the direction of the entire force chains (vector sum of the force chains). Under the strength of the force chains with slight changes and when the entire force chains are inclined in the densification direction, the density of the compacted blank part increases.
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