民间艺术“剪纸”中吉祥寓意营造研究

徐紫淳(xu, zhi-chun) 한국서예학회 2021 서예학연구 Vol.39 No.-

전지 (剪紙)는 절단 · 조각 · 리머 · 줄 깎기 등의 기술 수단을 통해 제작한 예술품이다. 한조때 종이의 발명은 중국 민간전지예술의 발전을 촉진하였으며 이로써 전지예술은 첫 고봉을 이루었다. 그러나 이러한 고봉기는 전지의 수량의 증가에서만 반영되었고 민간전지의 자연발생적 성격과 농경기초는 질적인 변화를 가져오지 않았다. 전지 학자들은 보편적으로 한대(漢代)는 중국민간전지가 나타난 진정한 기점이라고 여기고, 중국민간전지예술은 ‘형식’ 과 ‘변이’의 이중 특징을 가지고 있다고 결론지었다. 종목특색이 성행하거나 주도될 때 민간전지예술은 전승의 안정성을 보여준다. 변이성의 특징이 주도적 지위를 차지할 때 민간전지예술은 발전의 혁신성을 보여주었다. 한조로부터 청조말기에 이르기까지 풍격화 특징은 중국 민간전지의 변천에서 주도적 역할을 하였다. 종이가 등장하기 전에는 나뭇잎, 실크, 가죽, 호일 등을 이용한 ‘종이 오리기’ 무대가 있었다. 동한시기 채후지의 발명은 전지를 전지로 전환시킬 수 있게 하였지만 채후지가 발명된 초기에 채후의 종이는 가격이 비싸 진정으로 종이를 자르거나 조각하는 과정에 사용하기가 어려웠다. 신장 투루판, 주얼 고분에서 출토된 북조시대 원숭이 자투리, 말 자투리, 팔각 자투리, 금은화 자투리, 국화 자투리 등 5점의 전지 조각이 실물 자료로는 가장 오래된 것이다. 수당시기에 사람들은 설날, 청명절, 단오절, 칠석절, 원소절 등에 전지를 이용해 새해를 맞이하였는데, 이는 민간에서 전지를 이용한 응용이 명절과 신앙과 밀접한 관계가 있음을 보여준다. 세계 각지의 거의 모든 고대 문자는 모두 상형문자이다. 한자는 수 천 년의 발전과 변화를 거쳐 유전되어 오늘의 한자로 되었다. 이런 필체로 형성된 서예는 선인들의 인격이상, 심미정신과 윤리 관념을 응집시켰다. 중화민족에 대한 한자의 규범과 응집작용은 세계 모든 문화가운데서 유일무이하다. 한자와 중국전통의 전지(剪紙)는 모두 중화민족이 수 천 년 간 이어온 우수한 전통문화 예술유산이다. 그들 사이에는 많은 비슷한 점이 있다. 이들은 중국문화사상의 기본정신을 집중하였고 중국문화사상의 개념을 포함하였으며 중국문화전통의 도덕정신과 예술정신을 구현하고 있다. 하지만 여러 가지 이유로 문화예술의 교류와 융합의 기회는 많지 않다. 서로 결합한다면 민족예술의 창조를 위한 긍정적인 의미가 있을 것이라고 말했다. ‘한자 전지’는 중국 전지(剪紙)의 한 형태로 한자와 서예와 전지를 유기적으로 결합시켰다. 이 글은 한대(漢代) 전지예술의 형성으로부터 시작하여 중국 고대인의 관념과 정신적 요구를 탐구하였으며 전지의 기원으로부터 시작하여 전지예술 언어, 제작기술, 창작방법, 창작방법, 창작방법 등을 분석하였다. 세화의 인물 형상과 사회적 의의는 서로 다른 시기의 역사 배경, 사회 문화 습관과 결부하여 전지와 기타 예술 형식의 관계 및 전지 예술이 나타내는 동방의 매력과 사상을 탐구한다. 이 글은 전지 예술의 발전 역사를 정리하여 전지의 예술적 특징을 분석하고, 전지 예술 중의 상서로움을 상징하는 것에 대해 분석하고 연구한다. Jian zhi(剪纸) is a work of art made by cutting, carving, reaming, filing and other technical means. The invention of paper in han Dynasty promoted the first peak of the development of Chinese folk paper-cutting art. However, this peak is only reflected in the increase in the number of paper-cutting, and the spontaneous nature of folk paper-cutting and the foundation of farming have not undergone qualitative changes. Paper-cut scholars generally believe that the Han Dynasty is the real origin of Chinese folk paper-cut, and conclude that Chinese folk paper-cut art has the dual characteristics of program and variation . When the program features are prevalent or dominant, folk paper-cut art shows the stability of inheritance; When the characteristics of variability dominate, folk paper-cut art shows innovation in development. From the Han Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, stylization played a leading role in the evolution of Chinese folk paper-cutting. Before paper, there was a paper-cut stage with leaves, silk, leather and foil as carriers. The invention of Caihou paper in the Eastern Han Dynasty made it possible to transform paper-cutting into paper-cutting. However, in the early days of the invention of Caihou paper, it was difficult to apply paper to cutting and carving because of its high price. In terms of material material, the five pieces of paper-cut fragments unearthed from turpan and Zhuoer tombs in The Northern Dynasty, namely, monkey flowers, horse flowers, star anise flowers, honeysuckle flowers and chrysanthemum flowers, are the earliest Jian zhi objects discovered so far. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, people celebrated the New Year with paper-cuts on festivals such as Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Qixi Festival and Lantern Festival, which shows that the application of folk paper-cuts is closely related to festivals and beliefs. Almost all ancient characters around the world are pictographs. After thousands of years of development and evolution, Chinese characters have been handed down and evolved into today s Chinese characters. The calligraphy art formed by this kind of writing embodies the personality ideal, aesthetic spirit and ethical concept of our ancestors. The normative and cohesive function of Chinese characters to the Chinese nation is unique among all cultures in the world. Chinese characters and traditional Chinese paper cutting are both excellent traditional cultural and artistic heritages of the Chinese nation for thousands of years. There are many similarities between them. They concentrate the basic spirit of Chinese cultural thought, contain the concept of Chinese cultural thought, and embody the moral spirit and artistic spirit of Chinese cultural tradition. However, due to various reasons, there are few opportunities for cultural and artistic exchanges and integration between the two countries. If it can be combined, it will have positive significance for the innovation of national art. Chinese character paper cutting is a form of Chinese paper cutting, which organically combines Chinese characters, calligraphy and Jian zhi. Such a variety of ways for the creation of paper cutting art auspicious meaning is very helpful, this paper from the Han Dynasty paper cutting art formed, discussed the concept and spiritual needs of ancient Chinese people, from the origin of paper cutting, analysis of paper cutting art language, production technology, creation methods, creation methods, creation methods, etc. The characters and social significance of the New Year pictures are combined with the historical background, social culture and customs of different periods to discuss the connection between paper cutting and other art forms and the Oriental charm and thought reflected by paper cutting art. This paper combs the development course of paper-cut art, analyzes the artistic characteristics of Jian zhi,

Transcriptome profile of Chinese bush cricket, Gampsocleis gratiosa: A resource for microsatellite marker development

Zhi‐Jun Zhou,Xiao-Yan KOU,Lei-YangQIAN,Jing LIU 한국곤충학회 2016 Entomological Research Vol.46 No.3

The Chinese bush cricket, Gampsocleis gratiosa, has a long history as a pet in China. To date, the sequencing of its whole genome is unavailable as a non‐model organism. Transcriptomic information is also scarce for this species. The G. gratiosa transcriptome was sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2000 paired‐end sequencing technology. In total 52 million clean reads with an average length of 90 bp were generated, which produced 74,821 unigenes with a mean length of 580 bp and an N50 length of 759 bp. In total 29,674 (39.66%) unigenes were successfully annotated against the NR, NT, Swiss‐Prot, Gene Ontology (GO), Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COGs) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. Further functionally classified of unigenes against GO, COGs and KEGG found that a total of 11,935 (19.95%) unigenes were categorized into 61 GO terms, 19,576 unigenes were clustered into 25 COG functional categories and 17,971 unigenes were assigned to 258 KEGG pathways. In addition, 2093 microsatellite loci were identified, of which 591 loci had flanking sequences suitable for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer design. The transcriptome profile of G. gratiosa contributed to the accumulation of orthopteran genomic data, and the microsatellite loci provided useful tools for future studies of this and other closely related Gampsocleis species.

Molecular Characterization of Ca_(∨)2.3 in Rat Trigemical Ganglion Neurons

Zhi Fang,Kim, Joong-Soo,Oh, Seog-Bae The Korean Academy of Oral Biology 2006 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.31 No.2

R-type(Ca_(∨)2.3) calcium channel contributes to pain sensation in peripheral sensory neurons. Six isoforms of Ca_(∨)2.3 that result from combinations of presence or delection of three inserts(inserts Ⅰ and insert in the Ⅱ-Ⅲ loop, and insert Ⅲ in N-terminal regions) have been demonstrated to be present in different mammalian tissues. However, the molecular basis of Ca_(∨)2.3 in trigeminal ganglion(TG) neurons is not known. In the present study, we determined which isoforms of Ca_(∨)2.3 are expressed in rat TG neurons using the RT-PCR analysis. Whole tissue RT-PCR analyses revealed that only two isoforms, Ca_(∨)2.3a and Ca_(∨)2.3e, were present in TG neurons. From single-cell RT-PCR, we found that Ca_(∨)2.3e rather than Ca_(∨)2.3a was the major isoform expressed in TG neurons, and Ca_(∨)2.3e was preferentially detected in small-sized neurons that express nociceptive marker, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1). Our results suggest that Ca_(∨)2.3e in trigeminal neurons may be a potential target for the pain treatment.

An On-Demand Routing Algorithm for Mobile Wireless Networks

Yan, Huai-Zhi,Ajith P.K,Park, Dong-Won,Joo, Gi-Ho 배재대학교 공학연구소 2005 공학논문집 Vol.7 No.1

An ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes forming a temporary network without the centralized administration. Due to the limited transmission range of wireless work interface, multiple networks “hops” maybe needed for one node to exchange data with adjacent node. In recent years, a variety of new routing protocol about ad hoc network was developed. This paper presents a new routing protocol based on the Dynamic Source Routing which is not suitable for the high mobility ad hoc network. The Enhanced DSR adapts quickly to routing changes when node movement is frequent. When a trunk route is broken, this protocol will utilize the alternative route saved in the route to discovery quickly the new route. It improves the performance of the existing DSR algorithm, so that the negative impacts from weakness of DSR are reduced.

Analysis of step climbing and descending by tandem wheelchairs connected by passive link Hidetoshi IKEDA, Zhi-Dong WANG, Takayuki TAKAHASHI

Hidetoshi IKEDA,Zhi-Dong WANG,Takayuki TAKAHASHI,Eiji NAKANO 제어로봇시스템학회 2001 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2001 No.10

陸游의 散文 및 그 文學思想

徐志瀟 연세대학교 인문과학연구소 1997 人文科學 Vol.76-77 No.-

中美兩國在朝鮮半島問題上的合作構想

崔志鹰 韓國外國語大學校 外國學綜合硏究센터 中國硏究所 2005 中國硏究 Vol.36 No.-

On the Korean Peninsula, Sino-American have some common interests, but also have some difference. This paper discuss some Sino-American Cooperation-Idea on the Korean Peninsula.

당송(唐宋)시기 도통(道統)내용의 전환 -당말(唐末)에서 북송(北宋)시기 도의 전승 내용에 관한 담론을 중심으로-

임명희 ( Myung Hee Lim ) 한국철학사연구회 2013 한국 철학논집 Vol.0 No.36

Myopericytoma Involving the Parotid Gland as Depicted on Multidetector CT

Zhi-Gang Chu,Jian-Qun Yu,Zhi-Gang Yang,Zhi-Yu Zhu,Hong-Mei Yuan 대한영상의학회 2009 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.10 No.4

Myopericytoma is a newly proposed subgroup of perivascular tumors in the World Health Organization classification of soft tissue tumors. In this study, we report a case of a benign myopericytoma with detailed multidetector CT (MDCT) findings in the parotid gland, a location that has not been described for this type of tumor previously. The clinical presentation, imaging features, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, and the differential diagnosis with other tumors in the parotid gland are described and reviewed.

Immunization of BALB/c mice with Brucella abortus 2308DwbkA confers protection against wild-type infection

Zhi-qiang Li,Dan Gui,Zhi-hua Sun,Jun-bo Zhang,Wen-zhi Zhang,Hui Zhang,Fei Guo,Chuangfu Chen 대한수의학회 2015 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.16 No.4

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that causes animal and human diseases. Vaccination is a major measure for prevention of brucellosis, but it is currently not possible to distinguish vaccinated animals from those that have been naturally infected. Therefore, in this study, we constructed the Brucella (B.) abortus 2380 wbkA mutant (2308DwbkA) and evaluated its virulence. The survival of 2308DwbkA was attenuated in murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) and BALB/c mice, and it induced high protective immunity in mice. The wbkA mutant elicited an anti-Brucella-specific immunoglobulin G response and induced the secretion of gamma interferon. Antibodies to 2308DwbkA could be detected in sera from mice, implying the potential for use of this protein as a diagnostic antigen. The WbkA antigen would allow serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. These results suggest that 2308DwbkA is a potential attenuated vaccine against 16M. This vaccine will be further evaluated in sheep.