Incidence of Thymoma in Myasthenia Gravis: A Systematic Review

Zhi-Feng Mao,Xue-An Mo,Yong-Rong Lai,Maree L. Hackett 대한신경과학회 2012 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.8 No.3

Background and Purpose Myasthenia gravis (MG) is usually comorbid with thymoma. More accurate estimates of the incidence thymoma in MG will help inform patients and their physicians, facilitate health policy discussions, provide etiologic clues, and optimize the management of MG. Methods We conducted a systematic review search of relevant English-language studies published between 1960 and 2012 using MEDLINE and Embase. We identified additional studies by reviewing the bibliographies of the retrieved articles and hand searched the main neurology journals. Only incidence studies and case series of unselected MG patients in which information about thymoma were included. Results Out of 2206 potentially relevant studies, 49 met the inclusion criteria. Although there was a considerable degree of heterogeneity, the pooled estimate of the incidence of thymoma in MG was 21% (95% confidence interval, 20-22%). The pooled incidence was significantly higher for surgery-based studies than for population- and hospital-based studies. A large proportion of the reported thymomas were noninvasive. Furthermore, thymoma appears to occur significantly more frequently among male MG patients and those older than 40 years at the onset of MG. Conclusions Thymoma is common in MG patients, but appears to be found more often in male MG patients and those older than 40 years at the onset of MG. Further research is needed to expand our understanding of these association conditions

Synthesis and Evaluation O-Benzyl Oxime-ether Derivatives Containing β-Methoxyacrylate Moiety for Insecticidal and Fungicidal Activities

Zhi-Bin Hu,He-An Luo,Xiao-Guang Wang,Ming-Zhi Huang,Lu Huang,Huai-Lin Pang,Chun-Hui Mao,Hui Pei,Chao-Qun Huang,Jiong Sun,Ping-Le Liu,Ai-Ping Liu 대한화학회 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.4

In attempt to lead compounds exhibiting both insecticidal and fungicidal activities, a series of O-benzyl oximeether derivatives were designed and synthesized by introducing β-methoxyacrylate pharmacophore into a scaffold. The insecticidal activity against Aphis fabae and the fungicidal activity against Erysiphe graminis were screened. The title compounds exhibited remarkable insecticidal and fungicidal activities. The most potent compound 6d was identified. Its insecticidal LC50 against A. fabae is 6.4 mg/L, which is lower than that of chlorfenapyr (19.4 mg/L) and even close to the level of imidacloprid (4.8 mg/L). Its fungicidal EC90 in preventive and curative treatment against E. graminis are 2.2 and 4.8 mg/L, respectively, which are lower than azoxystrobin (7.0 and 5.9 mg/L). These results indicate that compound 6d can be considered as a lead for further developing new O-benzyl oxime-ether typed candidates with both fungicidal and insecticidal activities.

Synthesis and Evaluation O-Benzyl Oxime-ether Derivatives Containing β-Methoxyacrylate Moiety for Insecticidal and Fungicidal Activities

Hu, Zhi-Bin,Luo, He-An,Wang, Xiao-Guang,Huang, Ming-Zhi,Huang, Lu,Pang, Huai-Lin,Mao, Chun-Hui,Pei, Hui,Huang, Chao-Qun,Sun, Jiong,Liu, Ping-Le,Liu, Ai-Ping Korean Chemical Society 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.4

In attempt to lead compounds exhibiting both insecticidal and fungicidal activities, a series of O-benzyl oximeether derivatives were designed and synthesized by introducing ${\beta}$-methoxyacrylate pharmacophore into a scaffold. The insecticidal activity against Aphis fabae and the fungicidal activity against Erysiphe graminis were screened. The title compounds exhibited remarkable insecticidal and fungicidal activities. The most potent compound 6d was identified. Its insecticidal $LC_{50}$ against A. fabae is 6.4 mg/L, which is lower than that of chlorfenapyr (19.4 mg/L) and even close to the level of imidacloprid (4.8 mg/L). Its fungicidal $EC_{90}$ in preventive and curative treatment against E. graminis are 2.2 and 4.8 mg/L, respectively, which are lower than azoxystrobin (7.0 and 5.9 mg/L). These results indicate that compound 6d can be considered as a lead for further developing new O-benzyl oxime-ether typed candidates with both fungicidal and insecticidal activities.

RALY RNA Binding Protein-like Reduced Expression is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Cui, Zhi-Wen,Xia, Ye,Ye, Yi-Wang,Jiang, Zhi-Mao,Wang, Ya-Dong,Wu, Jian-Ting,Sun, Liang,Zhao, Jun,Fa, Ping-Ping,Sun, Xiao-Juan,Gui, Yao-Ting,Cai, Zhi-Ming Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.7

The molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs) are still unclear. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationships between expression of RALYL and clinical characteristics. In 41 paired samples of ccRCCs and adjacent normal tissues, we used real-time qPCR to evaluate the expression of RALYL mRNA. RALYL protein levels were determined in 146 samples of ccRCC and 37 adjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was used to explore the relationships between expression of RALYL and the clinical characteristics (gender, age, tumor size, T stage, N stage, M stage, survival times and survival outcome) in ccRCC. In addition, these patients were follow-up period 64 months (range: 4~116months) to investigate the influence on prognosis. We found significantly differences between ccRCC tissues and normal tissues (p<0.001, paired-sample t test) in mRNA levels of RALYL. Immunohistochemistry analyses in 146 ccRCC samples and 37 adjacent normal tissues showed significantly lower RALYL protein levels in ccRCC samples (${\chi}^2$-test, p<0.001), inversely correlating with tumour size (p=0.024), T stage (0.005), N stage (p<0.001) as well as M stage (p=0.019), but not age (p=0.357) and gender (p=0.348). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that people with lower level of RALYL expression had a poorer survival rate than those with a higher level of RALYL expression, significantly different by the log-rank test (p=0.011). Cox regression analysis indicated that RALYL expression (p=0.039), N stage (p=0.008) and distant metastasis (p<0.001) were independent prognosis factors for the overall survival of ccRCC patients. We demonstrated that the expression of RALYL was significantly low in ccRCC and correlated with a poor prognosis in a large number of clinical samples. Our findings showed that RALYL may be a potential therapeutic target as well as a poor prognostic factor.

Identification of QTLs associated with heat tolerance at the heading and flowering stage in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Li, Mao-mao,Li, Xia,Yu, Li-qin,Wu, Jin-wen,Li, Hui,Liu, Jin,Ma, Xiao-ding,Jo, Su-min,Park, Dong-Soo,Song, Youchun,Shin, Dongjin,Han, Long-zhi Springer-Verlag 2018 Euphytica Vol.214 No.4

2D Geometric Constraint Optimum Solving Based on Problem Decomposition

Xue-Yao Gao,Chun-Xiang Zhang,Zhi-Mao Lu 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.8 No.1

Constraint solving is widely applied to many fields including computer aided design, 2 dimension (2D) model design and computer aided manufacturing. Geometric constraint solution is a difficult problem because there are a large number of entities and related parameters in 2D sketches. In this paper, a new method which decomposes geometric constraint relations based on entity-parameter graphs is proposed for reducing the size of constraint solution. A geometric constraint problem is decomposed into many independent sub-problems. Then, particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve constraint equations in each sub-problem. Solutions of all sub-problems are integrated to obtain the original problem’s solution. In experiments, the proposed method is applied to HUST-CAID system. Experimental results show that the method can effectively solve 2 dimension geometric constraints.

Disambiguate Chinese Word Sense Based on Linguistics Knowledge

Chun-Xiang Zhang,Long Deng,Xue-Yao Gao,Zhi-Mao Lu 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.7 No.6

Word sense disambiguation (WSD) is important to many application problems in natural language processing fields, such as machine translation, parsing analysis and information retrieval. In this paper, we propose a new method to determine correct sense categories of Chinese words based on linguistics knowledge. The left word string and the right word string around the ambiguous word are respectively analyzed. Their syntactic structures are obtained for determining its intended sense. Syntactic category and part of speech are extracted as disambiguation features. A naive bayesian model is used as the classifier. Experimental results showed that the accuracy rate of classification arrives at 64%. The performance of disambiguation is improved.

Polymerization of Catechol Employing Polyoxovanadate as Biomimetic Models Catalyze for Textile Dyeing

Zhi-jie Liang,Jiayu Peng,Jiale Liang,Yujing Song,Weini Jia,Qing-hui Mao 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.12

The outstanding redox chemistry of polyoxovanadate has shown excellent catalysis prospects. In the present work,the effect of polyoxovanadate (K7[MnV13O38]·18H2O) on the catalytic polymerization of catechol was investigated for thefirst time. The synthesized polymer was applied in-situ for the dyeing of cotton under mild conditions. Various processparameters, including the dosages of catechol and polyoxovanadate and incubation temperature, which influence the colordepth, were analyzed. The effect of different time intervals on polyoxovanadate-catalyzed polymerization of catechol wasexamined using UV-vis spectroscopy. The color intensity of cotton was evaluated by means of K/S value and color difference(ΔE*). The results show that the dyeing depth of the dyed cotton fabrics gradually increased with the extension of time andthe increase in the concentration of polyoxovanadate. This work represents a novel synthetic process exploring the potentialof a polymer to be used for textile dyeing.

Studies on Decolorization Process for rhEGF as Cosmetic Ingredient

Zhi-nan Xu,Xiao-wei Zhao,Mao-hong Zhou,Pei-lin Cen 한국생물공학회 2005 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.10 No.3

A decolorization process using ion exchange chromatography was developed to refine rhEGF as a cosmetic ingredient. A macroreticular resin (D314) was selected, with respect to its high decolorization rate and recovery yield of rhEGF, and the operational conditions of the decolorization process optimized. The optimum conditions were as follows: the rhEGF effluent was ion exchanged at a flow rate of 60.0 mL/h, with an effluent pH 5.0, using a chromatographic column (i.d. 16 mm) packed with D314, with a 7.5 cm in bed height. The decolorization process was carried out under the optimum conditions, and halted when the effluent volume reached 350 mL, giving a decolorization rate and recovery yield of rhEGF higher than 67 and 80%, respectively. When the decolorization rate exceeded 67%, the final product turned out to be white or light yellowish, which was to the satisfaction of the cosmetic standard.

Distinctive Endophytic Fungal Assemblage in Stems of Wild Rice (Oryza granulata) in China with Special Reference to Two Species of Muscodor (Xylariaceae)

Zhi-lin Yuan,Zhen-zhu Su,Li-juan Mao,Yang-qing Peng,Guan-mei Yang,Fu-cheng Lin,Chu-long Zhang 한국미생물학회 2011 The journal of microbiology Vol.49 No.1

Ecological niches in the rhizosphere and phyllosphere of grasses capable of sustaining endophytes have been extensively studied. In contrast, little information regarding the identity and functions of endophytic fungi in stems is available. In this study, we investigated the taxonomic affinities, diversity, and host specificities of culturable endophytes in stems of wild rice (Oryza granulata) in China. Seventy-four isolates were recovered. Low recovery rate (11.7%) indicated that there were relatively few sites for fungal infection. Identification using morphology, morphospecies sorting, and molecular techniques resulted in classification into 50 taxa, 36 of which were recovered only once. Nucleotide sequence similarity analysis indicated that 30% of the total taxa recovered were highly divergent from known species and thus may represent lineages new to science. Most of the taxa were classified as members of the classes Sordariomycetes or Dothideomycetes (mainly in Pleosporales). The presence of Arthrinium and Magnaporthaceae species, most often associated with poaceous plants, suggested a degree of host specificity. A polyphasic approach was employed to identify two Muscodor taxa based on (i) ITS and RPB2 phylogenies, (ii) volatile compounds produced, and (iii)an in vitro bioassay of antifungal activity. This to our knowledge is only the second report regarding the isolation of Muscodor spp. in China. Therefore, we hypothesize that wild plants represent a huge reservoir of unknown fungi. The prevalence, novelty, and species-specificity of unique isolates necessitate a reevaluation of their contribution to ecosystem function and fungal biodiversity.