Plasma metabolites associated with physiological and biochemical indexes indicate the effect of caging stress on mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos)

Zheng Chao,Wu Yan,Liang Zhen Hua,Pi Jin Song,Cheng Shi Bin,Wei Wen Zhuo,Liu Jing Bo,Lu Li Zhi,Zhang Hao 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.2

Objective: Cage rearing has critical implications for the laying duck industry because it is convenient for feeding and management. However, caging stress is a type of chronic stress that induces maladaptation. Environmental stress responses have been extensively studied, but no detailed information is available about the comprehensive changes in plasma metabolites at different stages of caging stress in ducks. We designed this experiment to analyze the effects of caging stress on performance parameters and oxidative stress indexes in ducks. Methods: Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) was used to determine the changes in metabolites in duck plasma at 5 (CR5), 10 (CR10), and 15 (CR15) days after cage rearing and traditional breeding (TB). The associated pathways of differentially altered metabolites were analyzed using Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) database. Results: The results of this study indicate that caging stress decreased performance parameters, and the plasma total superoxide dismutase levels were increased in the CR10 group compared with the other groups. In addition, 1,431 metabolites were detected. Compared with the TB group, 134, 381, and 190 differentially produced metabolites were identified in the CR5, CR10, and CR15 groups, respectively. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) show that the selected components sufficiently distinguish the TB group and CR10 group. KEGG analysis results revealed that the differentially altered metabolites in duck plasma from the CR5 and TB groups were mainly associated with ovarian steroidogenesis, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and phenylalanine metabolism. Conclusion: In this study, the production performance, blood indexes, number of metabolites and PCA were compared to determine effect of the caging stress stage on ducks. We inferred from the experimental results that caging-stressed ducks were in the sensitive phase in the first 5 days after caging, caging for approximately 10 days was an important transition phase, and then the duck continually adapted. Objective: Cage rearing has critical implications for the laying duck industry because it is convenient for feeding and management. However, caging stress is a type of chronic stress that induces maladaptation. Environmental stress responses have been extensively studied, but no detailed information is available about the comprehensive changes in plasma metabolites at different stages of caging stress in ducks. We designed this experiment to analyze the effects of caging stress on performance parameters and oxidative stress indexes in ducks.Methods: Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) was used to determine the changes in metabolites in duck plasma at 5 (CR5), 10 (CR10), and 15 (CR15) days after cage rearing and traditional breeding (TB). The associated pathways of differentially altered metabolites were analyzed using Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) database.Results: The results of this study indicate that caging stress decreased performance parameters, and the plasma total superoxide dismutase levels were increased in the CR10 group compared with the other groups. In addition, 1,431 metabolites were detected. Compared with the TB group, 134, 381, and 190 differentially produced metabolites were identified in the CR5, CR10, and CR15 groups, respectively. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) show that the selected components sufficiently distinguish the TB group and CR10 group. KEGG analysis results revealed that the differentially altered metabolites in duck plasma from the CR5 and TB groups were mainly associated with ovarian steroidogenesis, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and phenylalanine metabolism.Conclusion: In this study, the production performance, blood indexes, number of metabolites and PCA were compared to determine effect of the caging stress stage on ducks. We inferred from the experimental results that caging-stressed ducks were in the sensitive phase in the first 5 days after caging, caging for approximately 10 days was an important transition phase, and then the duck continually adapted.

Study on the Influence of UHVDC Dynamic Response on Recovery Characteristic of Receiving End Power Grid

Zheng, Chao,Zhang, Kai,Sheng, Canhui,Lin, Junjie,Xue, Jinying,Chen, Dezhi,Zhang, Zhiqiang,Luo, Bangyun 대한전기학회 2014 The Journal of International Council on Electrical Vol.4 No.1

Aiming at the three UHVDC controller model in the electromechanical simulation software BPA which widely used in China, the structural features were analyzed. By the time-domain simulation, the influence of different simulation models and the key controller parameters on the recovery characteristics of the receiving end power system were studied. Simulation results show that the commutation failure simulated method impacts the recovery characteristic significantly for weak power grids, increasing the voltage measurement time constant of constant dc power control module and enhancing the start voltage threshold of voltage dependent current order limit (VDCOL) can decrease the reactive power consumption of inverter during the disturbance, and can help to improve the recovery characteristic of receiving end power grid.

Modeling and analysis of rotating plates by using self-sensing active constrained layer damping

Zhengchao Xie,Pak Kin Wong,Ian Ian Chong 대한기계학회 2012 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.26 No.10

This paper proposes a new finite element model for active constrained layer damped (CLD) rotating plate with self-sensing technique. Constrained layer damping can effectively reduce the vibration in rotating structures. Unfortunately, most existing research models the rotating structures as beams that are not the case many times. It is meaningful to model the rotating part as plates because of improvements on both the accuracy and the versatility. At the same time, existing research shows that the active constrained layer damping provides a more effective vibration control approach than the passive constrained layer damping. Thus, in this work, a single layer finite element is adopted to model a three-layer active constrained layer damped rotating plate. Unlike previous ones, this finite element model treats all three layers as having the both shear and extension strains, so all types of damping are taken into account. Also, the constraining layer is made of piezoelectric material to work as both the self-sensing sensor and actuator. Then, a proportional control strategy is implemented to effectively control the displacement of the tip end of the rotating plate. Additionally, a parametric study is conducted to explore the impact of some design parameters on structure’s modal characteristics.

Mulching Influences on Soil Water, Temperature, and Frost Depth are Related to Crop Sequence in a No-Till Maize/soybean Rotation

Zhengchao Tian,Tusheng Ren 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Effects of echinomycin on endothelin-2 expression and ovulation in immature rats primed with gonadotropins

Zhengchao Wang,Yanqing Wu,Liyun Chen,Qianping Luo,Jisen Zhang,Jiajie Chen,Zimiao Luo,Xiaohong Huang,Yong Cheng,Zhenghong Zhang 생화학분자생물학회 2012 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.44 No.10

Echinomycin is a small-molecule inhibitor of hypoxia- inducible factor-1 DNA-binding activity, which plays a crucial role in ovarian ovulation in mammalians. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α-mediated endothelin (ET)-2 expressions contributed to ovarian ovulation in response to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) during gonadotropin-induced superuvulation. By real-time RT-PCR analysis, ET-2 mRNA level was found to significantly decrease in the ovaries after chinomycin treatment, while HIF-1α mRNA and protein expression was not obviously changed. Further analysis also showed that these changes of ET-2 mRNA were consistent with HIF-1 activity in the ovaires, which is similar with HIF-1α and ET-2 expression in the granulosa cells with gonadotropin and echinomycin treatments. The results of HIF-1α and ET-2 expression in the granulosa cells transfected with cis-element oligodeoxynucleotide (dsODN) under gonadotropin treatment further indicated HIF-1α directly mediated the transcriptional activation of ET-2 during gonadotropin- induced superuvulation. Taken together, these results demonstrated that HIF-1α-mediated ET-2 transcriptional activation is one of the important mechanisms regulating gonadotropin-induced mammalian ovulatory precess in vivo. Echinomycin is a small-molecule inhibitor of hypoxia- inducible factor-1 DNA-binding activity, which plays a crucial role in ovarian ovulation in mammalians. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α-mediated endothelin (ET)-2 expressions contributed to ovarian ovulation in response to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) during gonadotropin-induced superuvulation. By real-time RT-PCR analysis, ET-2 mRNA level was found to significantly decrease in the ovaries after chinomycin treatment, while HIF-1α mRNA and protein expression was not obviously changed. Further analysis also showed that these changes of ET-2 mRNA were consistent with HIF-1 activity in the ovaires, which is similar with HIF-1α and ET-2 expression in the granulosa cells with gonadotropin and echinomycin treatments. The results of HIF-1α and ET-2 expression in the granulosa cells transfected with cis-element oligodeoxynucleotide (dsODN) under gonadotropin treatment further indicated HIF-1α directly mediated the transcriptional activation of ET-2 during gonadotropin- induced superuvulation. Taken together, these results demonstrated that HIF-1α-mediated ET-2 transcriptional activation is one of the important mechanisms regulating gonadotropin-induced mammalian ovulatory precess in vivo.

Ancient solutions of codimension two surfaces with curvature pinching in R⁴

Zhengchao Ji 대한수학회 2020 대한수학회보 Vol.57 No.4

We prove rigidity theorems for ancient solutions of geometric flows of immersed submanifolds. Specifically, we find conditions on the second fundamental form that characterize the shrinking sphere among compact ancient solutions for the mean curvature flow in codimension two surfaces, which is different from the conditions of Risa and Sinestrari in \cite{RS} and we also remove the condition that the second fundamental form is uniformly bounded when $t\in(-\infty, -1)$.

ANCIENT SOLUTIONS OF CODIMENSION TWO SURFACES WITH CURVATURE PINCHING IN ℝ⁴

Ji, Zhengchao Korean Mathematical Society 2020 대한수학회보 Vol.57 No.4

We prove rigidity theorems for ancient solutions of geometric flows of immersed submanifolds. Specifically, we find conditions on the second fundamental form that characterize the shrinking sphere among compact ancient solutions for the mean curvature flow in codimension two surfaces, which is different from the conditions of Risa and Sinestrari in [26] and we also remove the condition that the second fundamental form is uniformly bounded when t ∈ (-∞, -1).

An improved critical plane-energy multiaxial fatigue life prediction model considering shear mean stress

Jie Zhou,Zhengchao Tan,Linwei CaoLingze Meng,Yuexing Wang 대한기계학회 2023 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.37 No.5

In the present research, the effects of normal mean stress acting on fatigue evolution are considered well in critical plane multiaxial models, whereas shear mean stress effects have rarely attracted attention. These models may result in nonconservative predictions under asymmetric loadings with substantial shear mean stress. Therefore, an improved critical energy model is introduced to solve multiaxial fatigue issues on the basis of the Fatemi-Socie model and the Walker model, which consider normal mean effect, shear mean stress effect, and additional hardening effect. Moreover, experimental data from GH4169, wrought Ti-6Al-4V, and TC4 are employed to validate the proposed model. Results show that the proposed model can reasonably predict fatigue life under various loadings, particularly for asymmetric loadings.

Analysis of automotive rolling lobe air spring under alternative factors with finite element model

Pak Kin Wong,Zhengchao Xie,Jing Zhao,Tao Xu,Feng He 대한기계학회 2014 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.28 No.12

Air springs are widely used in automotive suspensions for their superior performance in terms of low friction motion, adjustable loadcarrying capacity and user-friendly ride height control. However, it has posed great difficulties in constructing an accurate model as wellas the analysis of the influence of alternative factors, such as cord angle, cord diameter and initial pressure. In this paper, a numericalmodel of the rolling lobe air spring (RLAS) is built by using finite element method and compared with an existing analytical model. Anexperiment with respect to the vertical stiffness of the RLAS is carried out to validate the accuracy of the proposed model. Evaluationresult reveals that the existing analytical model cannot represent the performance of the RLAS very well, whereas the accuracy of thenumerical model is very good. With the verified numerical model, the impacts of many alternative factors on the characteristics of theRLAS are analyzed. Numerical results show that the newly proposed model is reliable to determine the vertical characteristic and physicaldimensions of the RLAS under the alternative factors.

Stigmast-4-en-6β-ol-3-one decreases viability and induces apoptosis and ferroptosis in liver cancer cells by reducing E2F1

Zhiyun Zhang,Jian Wang,Weiping Wan,Zhengchao Shen,Aixue Zuo,Rong Chen,Qinyi Wu,Enli Cai,Feng Huang,Rongping Zhang,Xinan Shi 한국통합생물학회 2023 Animal cells and systems Vol.27 No.1

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a frequently occurring malignant gastrointestinal cancer. The 5-year survival rate of HCC is still below 8%, and thus, identifying more effective therapeutic methodsis needed. Here, we evaluated the effects of Stigmast-4-en-6β-ol-3-one (S463) on the viability andcolony formation of liver cancer cells. S463 treatment decreased the viability and inducedapoptosis and ferroptosis in liver cancer cells, and also increased cellular malondialdehyde(MDA) and lipid peroxidation levels. In S463 treated cells, the expression level of Bax wasincreased, and the expression level of GPX4 was reduced, and the cleavage of PARP wasimproved. We also found that S463 treatment downregulated E2F1 and upregulated p53 atboth the mRNA and protein levels. Importantly, rescue experiments revealed thatoverexpression of E2F1 partially restored S463-induced Bax and p53 upregulation and GPX4downregulation and counteracted the S463-induced decrease in cell viability and colonyformation and the S463-induced increase in MDA and lipid peroxidation levels. Our findingssuggest that S463 significantly inhibits viability and colony formation and induces apoptosisand ferroptosis in liver cancer cells via E2F1.