Sensitivity of Gastric Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy Drugs in Elderly Patients and Its Correlation with Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression

Qiu, Zhen-Qin,Qiu, Zhen-Rong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.8

Objective: To explore the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs in elderly patients and its correlation with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in cancer tissue. Materials and Methods: Forty-three elderly patients with gastric cancer (observation group) and 31 young patients with gastrointestinal tumors (control group) who were all diagnosed by pathology and underwent surgery in the 89th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army were selected. Drug sensitivity testing of tumor cells in primary culture was carried out in both groups using a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method, and the expression of COX-2 and the factors related to multi-drug resistance (MDR) in cancer tissue were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results: The inhibition rates (IR) of vincristine (VCR), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), oxaliplatin (L-OHP), mitomycin (MMC) and epirubicin (eADM) on tumor cells in the observation group were dramatically lower than in the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The positive rates of COX-2, glutathione s-transferase-${\pi}$ (GST-${\pi}$) and P glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in cancer tissue in the observation group were all higher than in control group (P<0.05), while that of DNA topoisomerase $II{\alpha}$ ($TopoII{\alpha}$) expression lower than in the control group (P<0.01). In the observation group, COX-2 expression in cancer tissue had a significantly-positive correlation with GST-${\pi}$ and P-gp (r=0.855, P=0.000; r=0.240, P=0.026), but a negative correlation with $TopoII{\alpha}$ (r=-0.328, P=0.002). In the control group, COX-2 expression in cancer tissue was only correlated with P-gp positively (r=0.320, P=0.011). Bivariate correlation analysis displayed that COX-2 expression in cancer tissue in the observation group had a significantly-negative correlation with the IRs of 5-FU, L-OHP, paclitaxel (PTX) and eADM in tumor cells (r=-0.723, P=0.000; r=-0.570, P=0.000; r=-0.919, P=0.000; r=-0.781, P=0.000), but with hydroxycamptothecine (HCPT), VCR and 5-FU in the control group (r=-0.915, P=0.000; r=-0.890, P=0.000; r=-0.949, P=0.000). Conclusions: Gastric cancer cells in elderly patients feature stronger MDR, which may be related to high COX-2 expression.

A Review on DNA Methylation Occurring in Tissue Culture

Zhen Wang,Xin-Qiang Zheng,Yue-Rong Liang,Kwan-Jeong Song,Jian-Liang Lu 한국차학회 2015 한국차학회지 Vol.- No.S

Tissue culture is an important practice for industrial seedling production and germplasm conservation as well as transgenic operation. More and more evidences proved that DNA methylation change is usually involved in dedifferentiation, continuous cultivation and redifferentiation during tissue culture. DNA methylation variation increases with prolonging culture duration and increasing subculture times which might induce abnormal phenotype of propagules. The pattern and level of DNA methylation are significantly influenced by explants, growth regulators ents. DNA methylation change might reflect the growth and development processes and stress response of cells or tissues during tissue culture. Elucidation of epigenetic variation mechanism might help to improve tissue culture and transgene technology especially for the woody plant with high regeneration difficulty and low transformation frequency.

Evaluation of temperature stress tolerance in cultivated and wild tomatoes using photosynthesis and chlorophyll fuorescence

Rong Zhou,Zhen Wu,Xu Wang,Eva Rosenqvist,Yinlei Wang,Tongmin Zhao,Carl‑Otto Ottosen 한국원예학회 2018 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.59 No.4

Tomato cultivation at lower or higher temperatures than the optimum negatively afects plant growth and development. Large diferences in abiotic stress tolerance have been found between Solanum lycopersicum and wild tomato species. Ouraim was to compare temperature stress tolerance in cultivated and wild tomato genotypes to identify cold- and heat-toleranttomatoes for further utilization in tomato breeding. The maintained net photosynthetic rate (PN) and chlorophyll fuorescencewas related to the tolerance of tomatoes at temperature stress. The PN and chlorophyll fuorescence of one cultivated tomato(Ly from S. lycopersicum) and six wild tomatoes genotypes (Ha from Solanum habrochaites, Pe from Solanum pennellii,Pi1 and Pi2 from Solanum pimpinellifolium, Pr1 and Pr2 from Solanum peruvianum) grown at low (12 °C) and high (33 °C)temperatures were compared. The PN of four tomato genotypes during temperature stress were lower than the control, butnot in Pe, Pr1, and Pr2. The maximum quantum efciency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) of the cultivated tomatoes was lowerat both 12 and 33 °C than the control using Handy PEA, whereas Fv/Fm using MINI-PAM was lower only at 12 °C. Thechlorophyll fuorescence OJIP transient (OJIP curve) revealed diferences between temperature stress responses and tomatogenotype. With the exception of Pr2, the Fv/Fm in wild tomatoes was unafected by temperature stress; however, they stillmaintained clear genotype diferences for other physiological traits such as PN, quantum yield of PSII (Fq′/Fm′), electrontransport rate, non-photochemical quenching, and the fraction of open PSII centers (qL). These results indicated that the wildtomato varieties Pe and Pr1 had the highest temperature stress tolerance, while the cultivated species was the more sensitiveto temperature stress in comparison. In general, the wild tomato genotypes were more tolerant to both cold and heat stressthan the cultivated tomato, suggesting that these wild species could be used to uncover underlying mechanisms of temperaturestress tolerance and will be promising sources of genetic variability for temperature stress tolerance in breeding programs.

Effects of Grouting Defects in a Duct on the Bonding of Prestressing Strands

Rong Guo,Zhichao Zhen,Shaowei Zhao,Cunan Li 대한토목학회 2020 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.24 No.4

Insufficient grouting has a great effect on the bonding performance of pressing stand for a post-tensioned prestressed concrete beam, which leads to a decrease of beam’s bending capacity. This study focused on the influence of defects of local grouting length and grouting fullness on the prestressing strand’s bond performance. The prestressing strand pull-out test was used to evaluate the bonding performance of pressing stand with different defects of local grouting length and grouting fullness. The results indicate that two forms of grouting defects reduce the bonding properties of a prestressing strand, when the slip of the free end of prestressing strand is 0.12 mm (s = 0.12 mm), the bond stress decreases briefly. To analyze the bonding mechanism of the prepressing strand in duct, the bond stresses τ0 and τu at s = 0.12 mm and s = 25 mm were adopted as the characteristic parameters of bond stress to deduce the calculation formula of the bond strength by fitting the test data. A bond-slip constitutive model of prestressing strand in duct under two classes defects was proposed by improving the modified Eligehausen, Popov and Bertero (BPE) model of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) rebars.

Whole Cell-mediated Biocatalytic Synthesis of Helicid Cinnamylate and Its Biological Evaluation as a Novel Tyrosinase Inhibitor

Rong-ling Yang,Xi Chen,Yu-ye Song,Qian-lin Zhu,Muhammad Bilal,Yu Wang,Zheng Tong,Ting-ting Wu,Zhao-Yu Wang,Hong-zhen Luo,Xiang-jie Zhao,Ting-ting He 한국생물공학회 2022 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.27 No.3

Tyrosinase inhibitors are clinically effective for treating some dermatological disorders related to melanin hyperpigmentation. Accordingly, the discovery and development of tyrosinase inhibitors have great value in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. Here, a novel tyrosinase inhibitor, 6′-O-cinnamoyl-helicid (helicid cinnamylate) was successfully synthesized by a simple and effective biocatalytic approach with Aspergillus oryzae cells. Investigation of the effects of several key variables on helicid cinnamylate synthesis found that the reaction conversion, reaction rate and regioselectivity reached 99%, 9.40 mM/h and > 99%, respectively, at the optimal conditions with anhydrous acetone as the solvent, whole-cell concentration of 40 mg/mL, and the molar ratio of vinyl cinnamate to helicid of 10 at 45°C. The whole-cells retained 68.87% of its initial activity after reusing for seven batches, indicating a potent application potential in non-aqueous biocatalytic systems. It was worth noting that helicid cinnamylate demonstrated a more potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 3.55 mM than helicid (IC50 = 4.48 mM) and arbutin (IC50 = 5.48 mM), which suggest that helicid cinnamylate could be developed as a more potential tyrosinase inhibitor. In conclusion, this study provides a novel whole-cell catalytic approach for the synthesis of helicid cinnamylate and insight into its application as a tyrosinase inhibitor.

Predictive Role of ERCC1 and XPD Genetic Polymorphisms in Survival of Chinese Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy

Zhang, Zhen-Yong,Tian, Xin,Wu, Rong,Liang, Yuan,Jin, Xue-Ying Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.6

Aim: There is increasing evidence that ERCC1 and XPD have roles in response to chemotherapy among patients with NSCLC, but the results are conflicting. Therefore, we conducted the present prospective study in a Chinese population. Methods: A total of 632 primary NSCLC patients were included, followed-up from May 2006 to May 2011. Polymorphisms were detected by real time PCR with TaqMan probse, using genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood samples. The Cox regression model was used to analyze the hazard ratios (HR) for ERCC1 and XPD. Results: The median time of follow-up was 31.6 months. Our results showed the ERCC1 118 T/T(HR=1.65, 95% CI=1.17-2.43) and XPD 751 Gln/Gln genotypes (HR=1.52, 95%CI=1.04-2.08) were associated with an increased risk of death from NSCLC. Moreover, the ERCC118 T allele and XPD 751 Gln allele genotypes had a more higher risk of death from NSCLC among both ex-smokers and current smokers. Conclusion: In summary, ERCC1 and XPD gene polymorphisms might provide better prognostic predictive information for NSCLC patients in Chinese populations, with smoking possibly interacting with the genotypes.

Meta-analysis of the Association Between GSTM1 and GSTT1 Gene Polymorphisms and Cervical Cancer

Zhang, Zhen-Yong,Jin, Xue-Ying,Wu, Rong,Wu, Li-Na,Xing, Rui,Yang, Shu-Juan,Xie, Yao Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.3

Aim: We conducted a meta-analysis to analyze the influence of GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms on cervical cancer risk, and explore gene-environment interactions. Methods: Identification of relevant studies was carried out through a search of Medline and the EMbase up to Oct. 2011. All case-control studies that investigated the association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms and risk of cervical cancer were included. The pooled odds ratio (OR) was used for analyses of results and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Results: A total of 21 case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis of GSTM1 (2,378 cases and 2,639 controls) and GSTT1 (1,229 cases and 1,223 controls) genotypes. The overall results showed that the GSTM1 null was related to an increased risk of cervical cancer (OR=1.50, 95% CI=1.21-1.85). Subgroup analysis were performed based on smoking and ethnicity. Our results showed that smokers with null GSTM1 genotype had a moderate increased risk of cervical cancer (OR=1.85, 95% CI=1.07-3.20). For the ethnicity stratification, moderate significantly increased risk of null GSTM1 genotype was found in Chinese (OR=2.12, 95% CI=1.43-3.15) and Indian populations (OR=2.07, 95% CI=1.49-2.88), but no increased risk was noted in others. Conclusion: This meta-analysis provided strong evidence that the GSTM1 genotype is associated with the development of cervical cancer, especially in smokers, and Chinese and Indian populations. However, no association was found for GSTT1 null genotype carriers.

Distinct bacterial community of a solid-state fermented Chinese traditional food huase sufu revealed by high-throughput sequencing

Zhang Zhen-dong,Wang Yu-rong,Xiang Fan-shu,Hou Qiang-chuan,Guo Zhuang 한국식품과학회 2021 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.30 No.9

Sufu is a common solid-state traditional fermentedfood made from soybean. Huase sufu is a typicaltype found in several provinces of China, especially inHubei. However, little is known about the bacterial community. High-throughput sequencing technology revealedthat the dominant taxa at phylum level were: Firmicutes,Proteobacteria and Bacteroides, and at the genus levelwere: Pseudomonas, Lactococcus, Acinetobacter, etc. Additionally, LEfSe revealed that compared with the bacterialcommunity of red sufu and white sufu, the biomarkergenera for both huase sufu were Enterococcus, and Myroides. Moreover, there were twenty-eight hubs for thehuase sufu samples, and four of them were dominantgenera: Citrobacter, Myroides, Vagococcus, and Enterococcus. These results provide a new insight into ourunderstanding of the bacterial diversity of huase sufu, andwill facilitate the isolation, screening, and developmentpotential bacterial strains for production of huase sufu.

ATF3 Activates Stat3 Phosphorylation through Inhibition of p53 Expression in Skin Cancer Cells

Hao, Zhen-Feng,Ao, Jun-Hong,Zhang, Jie,Su, You-Ming,Yang, Rong-Ya Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.12

Aim: ATF3, a member of the ATF/CREB family of transcription factors, has been found to be selectively induced by calcineurin/NFAT inhibition and to enhance keratinocyte tumor formation, although the precise role of ATF3 in human skin cancer and possible mechanisms remain unknown. Methods: In this study, clinical analysis of 30 skin cancer patients and 30 normal donors revealed that ATF3 was accumulated in skin cancer tissues. Functional assays demonstrated that ATF3 significantly promoted skin cancer cell proliferation. Results: Mechanically, ATF3 activated Stat3 phosphorylation in skin cancer cell through regulation of p53 expression. Moreover, the promotion effect of ATF3 on skin cancer cell proliferation was dependent on the p53-Stat3 signaling cascade. Conclusion: Together, the results indicate that ATF3 might promote skin cancer cell proliferation and enhance skin keratinocyte tumor development through inhibiting p53 expression and then activating Stat3 phosphorylation.

Impact of 21-Gene Recurrence Score on Chemotherapy Decision in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of Breast with Nodal Micrometastases

Wei-Rong Chen,Jia-Peng Deng,Jun Wang,Jia-Yuan Sun,Zhen-Yu He,San-Gang Wu 대한암학회 2019 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.51 No.4

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 21-gene recurrence score (RS) on predicting prognosis and chemotherapy decision in node micrometastases (N1mi) breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Materials and Methods Patients with stage T1-2N1mi and estrogen receptor-positive IDC diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 were included. The associations of 21-gene RS with breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS), chemotherapy decision, and benefit of chemotherapy were analyzed. Results We identified 4,758 patients including 1,403 patients (29.5%) treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. In the traditional RS cutoffs, 2,831 (59.5%), 1,634 (34.3%), and 293 (6.2%) patients were in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk RS groups, respectively. In 3,853 patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) status available, most patients were HER2-negative disease (98.3%). A higher RS was independently related to chemotherapy receipt, and 14.0%, 47.7%, and 77.8% of patients in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk RS groups received chemotherapy, respectively. The multivariate analysis indicated that a higher RS was related to worse BCSS (p < 0.001). The 5-year BCSS rates were 99.3%, 97.4%, and 91.9% in patients with low-, intermediate-, and high-risk RS groups, respectively (p < 0.001). However, chemotherapy receipt did not correlate with better BCSS in low-, intermediate-, or high-risk RS groups. There were similar trends using Trial Assigning Individualized Options for Treatment RS cutoffs. Conclusion The 21-gene RS does predict outcome and impact on chemotherapy decision of N1mi breast IDC. Large cohort and long-term outcomes studies are needed to identify the effects of chemotherapy in N1mi patients by different 21-gene RS groups.