The Research and Improvement on the Fast Algorithm of Fourier Transform Image

Zhang Yong 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.2

The quantity of digital image is huge. Undoubtedly, it will be a huge project to complete the image processing in a limited time, and it is unrealistic to directly deal with the real-time image signal with the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) algorithm. There is no fundamentally change until Cooley and Tukey proposed a Fast Fourier Transform Algorithm (FFT) and it will greatly promote the application of Discrete Fourier Transform in all aspects. The following will show its superiority from the detailed study of the FFT algorithm and accordingly make the further improvement to the algorithm to improve the use efficiency of the FFT algorithm.

Synthesis, Characterization, Charge Transport, and Photovoltaic Properties of Dithienobenzoquinoxaline- and Dithienobenzopyridopyrazine-Based Conjugated Polymers

Zhang, Yong,Zou, Jingyu,Yip, Hin-Lap,Chen, Kung-Shih,Davies, Joshua A.,Sun, Ying,Jen, Alex K.-Y. American Chemical Society 2011 Macromolecules Vol.44 No.12

<P>Two donor–acceptor polymers (<B>P1</B> and <B>P2</B>) based on dithienobenzoquinoxaline (<B>M1</B>) and dithienobenzopyridopyrazine (<B>M2</B>) as acceptor and indacenodithiophene as donor were synthesized via Stille polycondensation. The fused dithienobenzene unit in <B>M1</B> and <B>M2</B> units can improve the intermolecular stacking of polymer and also decrease the steric hindrance. <B>P1</B>, with dithienobenzoquinoxaline acceptor, shows a band gap of 1.61 eV. The band gap of <B>P2</B> was reduced to 1.48 eV after changing to dithienobenzopyridopyrazine as the acceptor unit. The mobilities of <B>P1</B> and <B>P2</B> reach 5.6 × 10<SUP>–2</SUP> and 1.5 × 10<SUP>–2</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>–1</SUP> s<SUP>–1</SUP>, respectively. The results from photovoltaic measurements showed a very promising PCE of 6.06% for the <B>P1</B>/PC<SUB>71</SUB>BM blend system without any thermal or solvent treatments, showing a great offer for the roll-to-roll manufacturing of PSCs.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/mamobx/2011/mamobx.2011.44.issue-12/ma2008699/production/images/medium/ma-2011-008699_0004.gif'></P>

Effects of Dietary Acetyl-L-Carnitine on Meat Quality and Lipid Metabolism in Arbor Acres Broilers

Zhang, Yong,Ma, Qiugang,Bai, Xiumei,Zhao, Lihong,Wang, Qiang,Ji, Cheng,Liu, Laiting,Yin, Haicheng Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.12

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and lipid metabolism in broilers. A total of 240 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments (0, 300, 600, and 900 mg/kg dietary ALC supplementation, respectively). Compared with the control treatment, addition of ALC resulted in lower (linear effect, p<0.05) ADG and AFI. Abdominal fat percentage decreased (linear effect, p<0.05) as dietary ALC was increased, but there was no effect on dressing percentage, breast muscle percentage or thigh muscle percentage. Breast muscle pH value 24 h post-mortem increased (linear effect, p<0.05), but there were no significant differences among treatments. However, thigh muscle pH value increased (linear effect, p<0.05) as dietary ALC was increased. Breast and thigh muscle $a^*$ values increased (linear effect, p<0.05), and breast and thigh muscle $b^*$ values decreased (linear effect, p<0.05) with increased ALC in the diet. In addition, breast and thigh muscle shear force value decreased (linear effect, p<0.05) as dietary ALC was increased. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein lipase decreased (linear effect, p<0.05) and free fatty acid and lipase in serum increased (linear effect, p<0.05) with increased ALC in diets.

DG-side earth fault tolerance enhancement based on topology improvement and common and differential mode control strategy

Zhang, Yong,Yu, Miao,Xia, Yanghong,Wei, Wei The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2020 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.20 No.4

Parallel distributed generation (DG) can extract power from a renewable energy source and supply it to the grid, but the exposure of DG components, such as photovoltaic panels, to the natural environment results in DG-side earth faults and common earth circulating current (CECC) problems. This study proposes an improved topology and a common and differential (C&D) mode control strategy to enhance the earth fault tolerance in parallel DG systems. First, the effects of line resistances and input voltages on CECC are analyzed through a mathematical model, and the disadvantages of the conventional buck converter are identified. Second, an additional switch in a negative pole is designed for the application of the C&D control strategy. Specifically, common-mode algorithm control is used to inhibit CECC, and differential-mode control is applied to ensure current sharing accuracy. Third, an inertial element is added to the reference voltage to restore the bus voltage produced by the differential-mode control strategy. Lastly, an experiment is conducted to verify that the proposed control outperforms conventional control in various conditions.

Galbanic acid decreases androgen receptor abundance and signaling and induces G₁ arrest in prostate cancer cells

Zhang, Yong,Kim, Kwan‐,Hyun,Zhang, Wei,Guo, Yinglu,Kim, Sung‐,Hoon,Lü,, Junxuan Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2012 International journal of cancer: Journal internati Vol.130 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is crucial for the genesis and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). We compared the growth responses of AR(+) LNCaP and LNCaP C4‐2 <I>vs</I>. AR(−) DU145 and PC‐3 PCa cell lines to galbanic acid (GBA) isolated from the resin of medicinal herb <I>Ferula assafoetida</I> and assessed their connection to AR signaling and cell cycle regulatory pathways. Our results showed that GBA preferentially suppressed AR(+) PCa cell growth than AR(−) PCa cells. GBA induced a caspase‐mediated apoptosis that was attenuated by a general caspase inhibitor. Subapoptotic GBA downregulated AR protein in LNCaP cells primarily through promoting its proteasomal degradation, and inhibited AR‐dependent transcription without affecting AR nuclear translocation. Whereas docking simulations predicted binding of GBA to the AR ligand binding domain with similarities and differences with the AR antagonist drug bicalutamide (Bic), LNCaP cell culture assays did not detect agonist activity of GBA. GBA and Bic exerted greater than additive inhibitory effect on cell growth when used together. Subapoptotic GBA induced G<SUB>1</SUB> arrest associated with an inhibition of cyclin/CDK4/6 pathway, especially cyclin D<SUB>1</SUB> without the causal involvement of cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitory proteins P21<SUP>Cip1</SUP> and P27<SUP>Kip1</SUP>. In summary, the novelty of GBA as an anti‐AR compound resides in the distinction between GBA and Bic with respect to AR protein turnover and a lack of agonist effect. Our observations of anti‐AR and cell cycle arrest actions plus the anti‐angiogenesis effect reported elsewhere suggest GBA as a multitargeting drug candidate for the prevention and therapy of PCa.</P>

Effects of Dietary Alpha-lipoic Acid and Acetyl-L-carnitine on Growth Performance and Meat Quality in Arbor Acres Broilers

Zhang, Yong,Jia, Ru,Ji, Cheng,Ma, Qiugang,Huang, Jin,Yin, Haicheng,Liu, Laiting Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.7

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary alpha-lipoic acid (LA) and acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality in Arbor Acres broilers. A total of 486 1-d-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated to 9 dietary treatments, 9 treatments were group A (0 mg/kg LA and 0 mg/kg ALC), group B (50 mg/kg LA and 0 mg/kg ALC), group C (100 mg/kg LA and 0 mg/kg ALC), group D (0 mg/kg LA and 50 mg/kg ALC), group E (50 mg/kg LA and 50 mg/kg ALC), group F (100 mg/kg LA and 50 mg/kg ALC), group G (0 mg/kg LA and 100 mg/kg ALC), group H (50 mg/kg LA and 100 mg/kg ALC), group I (100 mg/kg LA and 100 mg/kg ALC). Birds were slaughtered at 42 days old. Average daily gain (ADG), average feed intake (AFI), feed conversion rate (FCR), eviscerated rate, breast muscle percentage, thigh muscle percentage, abdominal fat percentage, liver weight, muscle color ($L^*$ value, $a^*$ value, $b^*$ value), pH values at 45 min and 24 h postmortem were measured. Results showed that there existed an interaction between LA and ALC in growth performance of broilers, carcass traits and meat quality. The overall result is that high level of LA and ALC led to lower AFI, ADG (p<0.01), lower abdominal fat percentage, liver weight (p<0.01), lower $L^*$ value, $a^*$ value, and $b^*$ value of breast muscle, $L^*$ value of thigh muscle (p<0.05), and higher FCR (p<0.01), eviscerated rate (p<0.01), breast muscle percentage, thigh muscle percentage (p<0.05), $a^*$ value, pH 45 min and pH 24 h of thigh muscle (p<0.01). These results suggested that dietary LA and ALC contributed to the improvement of meat quality in broilers.

A synthetic decursin analog with increased in vivo stability suppresses androgen receptor signaling in vitro and in vivo.

Zhang, Yong,Shaik, Ahmad Ali,Xing, Chengguo,Chai, Yubo,Li, Li,Zhang, Jinhui,Zhang, Wei,Kim, Sung-Hoon,L?, Junxuan,Jiang, Cheng M. Nijhoff ; Kluwer Academic Publishers 2012 Investigational new drugs Vol.30 No.5

<P>Targeting androgen receptor (AR) signaling with agents distinct from current antagonist drugs remains a rational approach to the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). Our previous studies have shown that decursin and isomer decursinol angelate (DA), isolated from the Korean medicinal herb Angelica gigas Nakai, interrupt AR signaling and possess anti-PCa activities in vitro. In the LNCaP PCa cell model, these pyranoccoumarin compounds exhibit properties distinct from currently used antagonists (e.g., Casodex). However, both are rapidly de-esterified to decursinol, a partial AR agonist. We report here that a synthetic decursin analog, decursinol phenylthiocarbamate (DPTC), has greater in vivo stability than the parent compounds. DPTC-decursinol conversion was undetectable in mice. Furthermore, in LNCaP cells, DPTC decreased prostate specific antigen (PSA) expression, down-regulated AR abundance and mRNA and inhibited AR nuclear translocation. The effect of DPTC on AR and PSA mRNA and protein abundance was also observed in VCaP cells expressing wild type AR. DPTC inhibited growth of both PCa cell lines through G(1) cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, as did decursin and DA. Furthermore, i.p. administration of DPTC for 3 weeks suppressed the expression of AR target genes probasin and Nkx3.1 in mouse prostate glands. Overall, our data suggest that DPTC represents a prototype lead compound for development of in vivo stable and active novel decursin analogs for the prevention or therapy of PCa.</P>

Conjugated polymers based on C, Si and N-bridged dithiophene and thienopyrroledione units: synthesis, field-effect transistors and bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells

Zhang, Yong,Zou, Jingyu,Yip, Hin-Lap,Sun, Ying,Davies, Josh A.,Chen, Kung-Shih,Acton, Orb,Jen, Alex K.-Y. Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.21 No.11

<P>A series of low band-gap conjugated polymers (PDTC, PDTSi and PDTP) containing electron-rich C-, Si-, and N-bridged bithiophene and electron-deficient thienopyrroledione units were synthesized <I>via</I> Stille coupling polymerization. All these polymers possess a low-lying energy level for the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) (as low as −5.44 eV). As a result, photovoltaic devices derived from these polymers show high open circuit voltage (<I>V</I><SUB>oc</SUB> as high as 0.91 V). These rigid polymers also possess respectable hole mobilities of 1.50 × 10<SUP>−3</SUP>, 6.0 × 10<SUP>−4</SUP>, and 3.9 × 10<SUP>−4</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP> for PDTC, PDTSi, and PDTP, respectively. The combined high <I>V</I><SUB>oc</SUB> and good hole mobility enable bulk hetero-junction photovoltaic cells to be fabricated with relatively high power conversion efficiency (PCE as high as 3.74% for the PDTC-based device).</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Conjugated polymers of thienopyrroledione and bridged-dithiophene units were synthesized and show high open circuit voltage and good hole mobility. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0jm03927f'> </P>

Prognostic Value of Phosphorylated mTOR/RPS6KB1 in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Zhang, Yong,Ni, Huan-Juan,Cheng, De-Yun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.6

Background: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) /RPS6KB1 activation has recently been implicated in tumour development, but its role in lung cancer remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the role of mTOR/RPS6KB1 signaling pathway in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the expression of phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) and its downstream ribosomal phosphorylated RPS6KB1 (p-RPS6KB1) in NSCLC patients. We also analyzed p-mTOR/p-RPS6KB1 protein expression in 45 fresh NSCLC tissues using Western blotting. Results: The expression level of p-mTOR and p-RPS6KB1 was significantly higher in NSCLC tumor specimens than that in adjacent noncancerous normal lung tissues (P<0.01). p-mTOR expression correlated with p-RPS6KB1. Furthermore, high expression level of p-mTOR or p-RPS6KB1 in NSCLC was associated with a shorter overall survival (both P<0.01). Multivariate analysis indicated high level of p-mTOR expression was an independent prognostic factor (HR=2.642, 95%CI 1.157-4.904, p=0.002). Conclusions: p-mTOR and p-RPS6KB1 could be useful prognostic markers for NSCLC.

Indacenodithiophene and Quinoxaline-Based Conjugated Polymers for Highly Efficient Polymer Solar Cells

Zhang, Yong,Zou, Jingyu,Yip, Hin-Lap,Chen, Kung-Shih,Zeigler, David F.,Sun, Ying,Jen, Alex K.-Y. American Chemical Society 2011 Chemistry of materials Vol.23 No.9

<P>Two new low-band-gap conjugated polymers based on the polymerization between indacenodithiophene and 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline or phenanthrenequinoxaline were synthesized. Due to the fused phenanthrenequinoxaline unit, the polymer (PIDT-phanQ) possesses better planarity than PIDT-diphQ, resulting in an improved hole mobility in organic field-effect transistors and power conversion efficiency in polymer solar cells.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cmatex/2011/cmatex.2011.23.issue-9/cm200316s/production/images/medium/cm-2011-00316s_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cm200316s'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>