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THE TOURISM DILEMMA: EXAMINING CONFLICTS BETWEEN TOURISTS AND RESIDENTS
Florian Kock,Sebastian Zenker,Alexander Josiassen,Astrid Norfelt,Ricky Wilke 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07
Traditionally, tourists spend their holidays in tourist spaces that provide the needed infrastructure for their experiences (i.e., hotels, restaurants, sight-seeing spots). However, nowadays tourists often occupy more residential space than in the past; this development is fuelled at least by two important trends in tourism. First, destination marketing organizations (DMO’s) increasingly seek to intertwine tourists‘ paths with local neighbourhood in order to create perceived tourist authenticity (e.g. the ‘localhood’ strategy of various city tourism organizations; Wonderful Copenhagen, 2017). Second, shared economy offerings, such as Airbnb, create tourist spaces in residential areas (Gutierrez et al., 2017). Both developments result in the integration of tourists into the residents’ living sphere, and anecdotal evidence indicates that this does not come without fraction between residents and tourists (e.g., Andereck et al., 2005; Gutierrez et al., 2017; Yang et al., 2013). Specifically, residential infrastructure as well as residents’ cultural identity may be impaired by tourism that digs its way through residential areas (Yang et al., 2013). As a consequence, residents often perceive urban tourism in their neighbourhood as ‘overtourism’ and a threat to their group, overall leading to low support for tourism development and negative attitudes towards tourists. This might negatively influence the tourism of the place, since the friendliness and hospitality of the local people are an important factor of the touristic experience (Kim, 2014). While the two mentioned developments of DMO’s ‘localhood’ strategy and Airbnb are likely to further fuel this trend, surprisingly little is still known about the perceptions of both tourists and residents, and the consequences for tourism performance. Against this background, the present research sets out to investigate the potential dilemma between the localized (and allegedly authentic; Lu, Chi and Liu 2015) tourist experience and the effect on residents‘ predispositions towards tourists and tourism itself. An initial question this research aims to answer is whether tourists indeed prefer and seek the authentic experience of ‘localhood’. Examining the issue of tourists’ perceived authenticity is crucial because it is the underlying assumption of DMO’s ‘localhood’ strategy. Second, this research sets out to investigate both residents’ and tourists’ perceptions of this development, mapping out potential consequences in a structural equation modelling approach. Specifically, this study aims to understand what drives residents’ perceptions of ‘overtourism’ and how this in turn affects their predispositions towards incoming tourists and tourism itself. In a third step, the consequences of these predispositions on tourists’ experience in the residential tourist space are analysed.
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High performance epoxy composites cured with ionic liquids
Honorata Ma˛ka,Tadeusz Spychaj,Marek Zenker 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.31 No.-
Two ionic liquids (ILs) with the same dicyanamide anion and various cation types: imidazolium andphosphonium as catalytic agents of epoxy resin have been compared. Neat epoxy materials cured withimidazolium IL exhibited above 45 days latency, high thermal performance, i.e. glass transitiontemperature (above 190 8C), low tan d (0.17), and stability (395 8C/5% weight loss), whereas withphosphonium IL – pot life above 70 days, similar tan d value and high transparency (85%). Carbonnanotubes modified epoxy composites cured with imidazolium dicyanamide IL showed bulk electricalresistivity in a range 107–103 V m for carbon filler content 0.0625–0.25 wt.%. These features designatedeveloped materials for various engineering applications.
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VARIETIES OF CAPITALISM AND GOVERNMENT SPENDING IN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
JOACHIM AHRENS,RAINER SCHWEICKERT,JULIANE ZENKER 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2015 Journal of Economic Development Vol.40 No.1
Empirical papers on the size of government suffer from neglecting preferences for government activity as discussed in the literature on varieties of capitalism. Cross-country evidence for a sample of 126 developed and developing countries reveals a global divide. Among developing countries, Asian countries are closer to continental European economies, i.e., they reveal relatively higher levels of spending dependent on the quality of governance. Latin American countries rather tend towards low-spending anglo-saxon economies and spend to stabilize rather than to fight inequality. Considering these preferences, we do not find evidence that open countries spend more in order to buffer macroeconomic risks.
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