De novo transcriptome analysis of bagworm Metisa plana from highly infested oil palm estate in Perak revealed detoxification genes and potential insecticide targets

Zainuddin Nurhafizhoh,Maidin Mohd Shawal Thakib,Kamarudin Noorhazwani,Napiah Nur Robaatul Adhawiyah Mohd Ali,Keni Mohd Fahmi,Masri Mohamed Mazmira Mohd 한국응용곤충학회 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.26 No.1

The oil palm pest bagworm, Metisa plana, is the most crucial leaf defoliator and causes severe economic loss to the oil palm industry. Although there are available and effective pest control measures, the outbreak and infestation of the bagworms is still a recurring problem due to the lack of understanding of the pest in molecular aspect, especially with regard to insecticide resistance. Thus, in this study, we aimed to identify major genes probably involved in insecticide resistance and targets using de novo transcriptome analysis. Three major genes involved in insecticides detoxification (P450, GST and CCE) and insecticide targets that have potential for modifications (AChE, nAChR, ACCase, GABA and RyR) were identified and characterized. Transcriptome anal ysis through de novo assembly was generated using next generation sequencing (Illumina). The result generated 218,707 transcripts and 12,388 unigenes. Homology search to non-redundant (NR), nucleotide (NT) and Swis sProt databases showed that 6632 unigenes were successfully matched. A total of 80 P450s, 39 GSTs and 14 CCEs were identified. 10 unigenes that putatively encode insecticide targets were also identified. To our knowledge, this is the first exploration of the transcriptomic study underlying M. plana regarding to detoxification genes and potential insecticide targets. Therefore, the information obtained can improve the genetic understanding, especially, in the functional studies of the genes in M. plana.

Interventions and development strategies towards intensive social support among the participants of activity center for older adults in Malaysia

Zainuddin Faizah Hanim,Hamidi Mashitah,Wahab Haris Abd 한국사회복지학회 2022 Asian Social Work and Policy Review Vol.16 No.2

Social support is essential for improving the lives of older adults. However, some respondents of other literature reported receiving less adequate financial support from family, a lack of comprehensive policies to protect older adults, and a smaller social network as they age. In order to address this issue, more intense social support is required as older adults are at risk of obtaining insufficient social support from their social network. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the interventions and development strategies for social support for older adults. The qualitative case study method was used in this study, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 24 older adults aged 60 and above who participated in Pusat Aktiviti Warga Emas (PAWE), an activity center for older adults, for more than 5 months. Four PAWE supervisors and three policymakers from Department of Social Welfare Malaysia (JKMM) were also interviewed. The data were then thematically analyzed. The study highlighted three intervention and development strategies to improve social support for older adults namely in the areas of personal development, policy, and social connectivity of older adults. As Malaysia is expected to become an aging population by 2035, it is vital to establish a supportive environment for older people.

Incorporating magneto-Rheological damper into riser tensioner system to restrict riser stroke in moderate-size semisubmersibles

Zainuddin, Zaid,Kim, Moo-Hyun,Kang, Heon-Yong,Bhat, Shankar Techno-Press 2018 Ocean systems engineering Vol.8 No.2

In case of conventional shallow-draft semisubmersibles, unacceptably large riser stroke was the restricting factor for dry-tree-riser-semisubmersible development. Many attempts to address this issue have focused on using larger draft and size with extra heave-damping plates, which results in a huge cost increase. The objective of this paper is to investigate an alternative solution by improving riser systems through the implementation of a magneto-rheological damper (MR Damper) so that it can be used with moderate-size/draft semisubmersibles. In this regard, MR-damper riser systems and connections are numerically modeled so that they can couple with hull-mooring time-domain simulations. The simulation results show that the moderate-size semisubmersible with MR damper system can be used with conventional dry-tree pneumatic tensioners by effectively reducing stroke-distance even in the most severe (1000-yr) storm environments. Furthermore, the damping level of the MR damper can be controlled to best fit target cases by changing input electric currents. The reduction in stroke allows smaller topside deck spacing, which in turn leads to smaller deck and hull. As the penalty of reducing riser stroke by MR damper, the force on the MR-damper can significantly be increased, which requires applying optimal electric currents.

Determinants of Improving the Financial Security of Retired Women in Malaysia

ZAINUDDIN, Halimatul Nadia,MOHAMAD, Nor Edi Azhar,RAJADURAI, R. Jegatheesan V.,SAPUAN, Noraina Mazuin,SANUSI, Nur Azura Korea Distribution Science Association 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.6

The perspectives on aging women's financial security during their retirement years are based on their behavior, planning, and decision-making processes during their working years. Elderly women are considered vulnerable and have a longer life expectancy, lower-income, and limited financial understanding compared to males; therefore, drastic steps need to be taken to improve their financial stability and quality of life. The current study sought to determine the most important contributors to retired women's financial health by measuring the value of four factors/variables: capability, opportunity, willingness, and biopsychosocial. This study used a mixed model approach, with qualitative analysis in the first phase involving a focus group discussion session, a pilot analysis, and quantitative analysis for phase two involving the distribution and collection of questionnaires completed by retired women. The surveys were distributed across Malaysia in five distinct zones and yielded 339 usable replies to support the theory. The outcomes of the Multiple Regression Analysis in Malaysia revealed that capability, opportunity, and biopsychosocial factors are significant predictors of retired women's financial security, whereas the willingness indicator lacked statistical significance.

Indonesia’s Papua: A Land of Violated Rights

Zainuddin Djafar,Dwinta Kuntaladara Sookmyung institute for Multicultural Studies 2012 The Journal of Migration & Society Vol.3 No.1

Human rights have, for long, been an issue in Indonesia's land of Papua. Being an area with numerous differences to the rest of Indonesia, the people of Papua have been considering the option of demanding independence from the country. The reasons behind such a demand are pushed by four factors: human rights, culture, historical background, and the current reality. Using the concept of human rights proclaimed by John Locke and Attracta Ingram, it is established that the underlying foactors behind such a demand ared due to their neglected rights to economic prosperity and social well-being. Not having their rights fulfilled, the people of Papua voice out their concerns and this has caught international attention. Countrieds like Australia, New Zealand, and the Unithed Statets of America have shown their concerns about the condition of Papua. Some blatatly express their support for the independence of the area. Others show more respect for the sovereignty of Indonesia. Nonetheless, with such international pressure, what can be done by Indonesia to handle the problem of human rights violation in Papua? The following points are the steps that should be considered by Indonesia's government regarding the issue in question: (1) the government should pay more attention to the economic prosperity of the Papuans, (2) the government should be more concerned for the social well-being of the people, (3) the government needs to be aware of the interets of the international world, and (4) Indonesia needs to include non-state actors and non-government or-ganizations in upholding the human rights violations and issues. In doing so, there is more hope for the upholding of Papuan's right to economic prosperity and social well-being.

Indonesia’s Papua: A Land of Violated Rights

Zainuddin Djafar,Dwinta Kuntaladara 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2012 OMNES: The Journal of Multicultural Society Vol.3 No.1

Human rights have, for long, been an issue in Indonesia’s land of Papua. Being an area with numerous differences to the rest of Indonesia, the people of Papua have been considering the option of demanding independence from the country. The reasons behind such a demand are pushed by four factors: human rights, culture, historical background, and the current reality. Using the concept of human rights proclaimed by John Locke and Attracta Ingram, it is established that the underlying factors behind such a demand are due to their neglected rights to economic prosperity and social well-being. Not having their rights fulfilled, the people of Papua voice out their concerns and this has caught international attention. Countries like Australia, New Zealand, and the United States of America have shown their concerns about the condition of Papua. Some blatantly express their support for the independence of the area. Others show more respect for the sovereignty of Indonesia. Nonetheless, with such international pressure, what can be done by Indonesia to handle the problem of human rights violation in Papua? The following points are the steps that should be considered by Indonesia’s government regarding the issue in question: (1) the government should pay more attention to the economic prosperity of the Papuans, (2) the government should be more concerned for the social well-being of the people, (3) the government needs to be aware of the interests of the international world, and (4) Indonesia needs to include non-state actors and non-government organizations in upholding the human rights violations and issues. In doing so, there is more hope for the upholding of Papuan’s rights to economic prosperity and social well-being.

The Continuation of Coercion and Human Rights Violations in Indonesia’s Papua: Causes and Solutions

Zainuddin Djafar 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2014 OMNES: The Journal of Multicultural Society Vol.4 No.2

Almost all year in 2012, coercion and human rights violations were the main features of Papuans’ daily life; these were marked primarily by the continuation of ethnic war (quite dominant before 2001), coercion, and gunfire between the security apparatus and Papuans. The focus of a solution towards this problem should pay particular attention to understanding the Papuan case comprehensively in Papua comprehensively. The roots of the problem and its challenges cover several factors: demographic issues, the history of coercion and human rights violations for more than 50 years, and the issue of welfare. All of these factors should be addressed with realistic and comprehensive solutions based on understanding the mistakes of the past. Achieving successful development can only happen with a stable political and economic condition where peace serves as the foundation. Integration of Papuan aspirations and popular involvement of locals is necessary. In contrast, the Indonesian central government’s continuing policy of coercion and human rights violations in Indonesia’s Papua will only result in a cycle of violence. Muthiah Alagappa’s (1995 and 2001) concept of political legitimacy as based on people’s desires and the national and local consensus is a constructive basis for improving the situation in Papua.

Effect of Surfactant on Breakdown Strength Performance of Transformer Oil-Based Nanofluids

Zainuddin Nawawi,Muhammad Faris Baharuddin,Izzah Hazirah Zakaria,Mohd Hafizi Ahmad,Aulia,Muhammad Abu Bakar Sidik,Muhammad Irfan Jambak 대한전기학회 2019 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.14 No.1

Many approaches to improve the transformer oil characteristics have been made by adding nanofillers into the liquids, but it has caused the existence of sedimentation and agglomeration thereby resulting in incompatibility of transformer oil. In view of foregoing, this paper aims to study the impact of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant added with the nanofiller in improving the compatibility and agglomeration issues towards improvement of breakdown voltage (BDV) characteristics of oil nanofluids. This study was carried out by implementing three different percentages of silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) nanofillers along with CTAB as surfactant into the mineral oil. The breakdown voltage test was carried out accordance to IEC 60156 standard. The results show that the inclusion of 0.1 wt% SiO2 and 0.1 wt% Al2O3 nanoparticles into mineral oil have improved the BDV. Meanwhile, Al2O3 nanofluids with 0.075 wt% CTAB had good impact on BDV but not on SiO2. This case has reverse behavior with the sedimentation which 0.1 wt% CTAB in SiO2 nanofluids has a good response but not the whole in Al2O3 nanofluids. This could be mainly due to the limitation stability of the nanofluids.

Employee Motivation in Social Enterprises: Tackling the Dual Mission Dilemma

Mohammad Zainuddin,Ida Md,Yasin 한국유통과학회 2017 KODISA ICBE (International Conference on Business Vol.2017 No.-

Social enterprises are on a dual mission of creating social value and achieving profitability. This combination of non-profit and for-profit identities within a single entity creates tensions and dilemmas at the organizational level. Tensions may emerge across various domains and the enterprise may, over time, lose focus on the initial social mission in search of increased revenues. Social enterprise management, thus, being at an institutional crossroads, face significant challenges to sustain focus on both the objectives and counter pressure to compromise on social mission. As a result, managers need to devise business models and policies appropriate for this unique context and ensure the continuous involvement of employees with the dual goals of the organization. Employees of social enterprises are to be motivated with the right incentive schemes, the design of which is consistent with the competing objectives, viz., social mission and commercial success. This paper aims to explore and critically examine the mechanisms management use to motivate employees to simultaneously achieve both the objectives by effectively dealing with the dual mission dilemma. An archival research followed by an in-depth best practice case study is proposed to meet the research objectives.

Exploring SeIVice Quality in Homestay Tourism -a Case of Malaysia-

( Anizah Hj. Zainuddin ),( Kalsom Abu Bakar ) 세계문화관광학회 2008 International Journal of Culture and tourism Resea Vol.1 No.1

One of the new tourism products in Malaysia is Homestay, a combination of tourism and recreation. Tourists will experience the daily life of ordinary people operated by small-time famlers and villagers, monitored andassisted by the Federal Government of Malaysia, via the Ministry of Culture, Arts and Tourism and nOlmally operated under minimal fund. Literally the Homestay services are a holiday concept that started in Europe in the late 70``s. Homestay is where tourist gets to stay with a selected family fi``om a different background and culture for duration of time. Additionally, tourists will experience the daily life of locals. Meaning to say, when tourist go for vacation or holiday to one place, instead of staying inthe hotel, tourist can choose to stay with foster families nearby tourist visited sites. The impact of the Homestay service industJy``s activities in Malaysia are tJ``emendous where the business generated an income of more than RM200,OOO in the first seven months of 2006, which involving 5,519 tourists of which 1,736 of the tourist were the foreigners comingfi``om Emope, Japan and Korea. Due to that reason, it is impol1ant for the Homestay providers to focus on their customers``need and requirements while staying and experiencing Homestay programme. TIlLIS, this paper investigates the perceptions of pelfol111ClIlCe from a variety of Homestays available in Malaysiaspecifically in Selangor fj``om the tourist``s perspective. Four well-known Homestay operators were chosen which are Banghuris, Dorani, Sungai Sireh and Kuala Langat Homestay. A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed and analysed. The questionnaire comprises three sections. The first sectionis to measure the respondents`` expectations of the service quality that dley received in any Homestay programme. The second section is to measure the respondents`` expectation of the ervice quality that they received in any Homestay program. And finally,section three is the demographic profile of the respondents. The respondents wereasked to rate the service quality on a seven Likelt scale, ranging fi``om1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree) for section one and also ranging fj``om I (extremely dissatisfied) to 7 (velY satisfied) for section two. 1l1is questionnaire was constructed based on five dimensions of SERVQUAL which are tangibles (9 questions), empathy (5 questions), assurance (5 questions), responsiveness (5 questions) and reliability (6 questions). The results suggest that for attribute tangible, empathy and assurance, the performance equals perceived expectation. For attJ``ibutes, responsiveness and reliability, the performance is below perceived expectation. Darani``s Homestay was voted the highest therefore considered the Homestay provider is able to meet with the expectations of the tourist on the variables or attributes identified. This obviously requires Homestay providers`` commitment to invest in relevant human capital in order to provide dle highest standard of service to consumers.