Role of Salivary Immune Parameters in Patients With Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome

Yu-Hung Hung,Yung-Hung Lee,Pei-Pei Chen,Yuan-Zhao Lin,Chia-Hui Lin,Jeng-Hsien Yen 대한진단검사의학회 2019 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.39 No.1

Background: Several factors, including clinical manifestations and laboratory data, have been used to evaluate the disease activity of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS). We investigated saliva indicators of disease activity in primary SS patients. Methods: We enrolled 138 Taiwanese patients with primary SS and 100 Taiwanese normal controls. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and rheumatoid factor (RF)-IgA levels in saliva samples were measured using ELISA or fluorescent enzyme-linked immunoassay. Serum IgG, IgA, and IgM levels were measured by nephelometry. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was measured with an automatic ESR analyzer. The t-test and Pearson correlation test were used. Results: IL-6 level was higher in primary SS patients than in normal controls (14.23±14.77 vs 9.87±7.32, P=0.012), but there were no significant differences in IL-17A, TNF-α, and RF-IgA levels. In primary SS patients, IL-6 level correlated weakly with ESR and IgG levels (r=0.252, P=0.015, and r=0.248, P=0.017, respectively), and TNF-α level correlated weakly with IgG level (r=0.231, P=0.024). Conclusions: IL-6 may play a role in SS pathogenesis. Saliva IL-6 might be an indicator of disease activity in primary SS patients.

CD44 Antibody-Conjugated Gold Nanostars as SERS Probes for Distinguishing Cancer Cells (A549 Cells, H1229 Cells) from Normal Cells (ATII Cells)

Hang Zhao,Xiaowei Cao,Man Wang,Lin Tao,Xiaoyu Pan,Chunwei Yuan,Weiping Qian 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2015 NANO Vol.10 No.3

In this paper, we report a novel antibody conjugated gold nanostars (AuNSs) as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) probes for distinguishing cancer cells (A549 cells, H1229 cells) from normal cells (ATII cells). In such a probe, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was served as the protective agent and stabilizing agent, 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) was used as the Raman reporter to generate SERS signals as well as the conjugation agent for attaching CD44 antibody (anti-CD44) molecules to AuNSs, where anti-CD44 could effectively target to CD44 protein overexpressed cells. All the results of the experiments con¯rmed that more SERS probes have been targeted to cancer cells (A549 cells and H1229 cells) than that of normal cells (ATII cells) under the same condition. The anti-CD44 SERS probes hold a potential application in distinguishing cancer cells from normal cells with high sensitivity and good biocompatibility.

STUDY ON FUZZY PRICING MODEL FOR URBAN WATER RESOURCES

ZHAO RAN-HANG,CHAO SHENG-LE,XU SHI-GUO 한국수자원학회 2005 한국수자원학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.1

외국인 학습자를 위한 한국어교재 개발과 방향

ZHAO HANG 한국어교육연구학회 2020 한국어교육연구 Vol.- No.12

본 논문의 목적은 최근 몇 년간 대내외적으로 외국어로서의 한국어에 대한 관심이 세계화 국제화 시대라는 조류 속에서 높아지고 있어, 한국어 사용 인구가 급격히 늘어나고 있기 때문에 이상적인 교재 개발을 모색해 보려는 것이다. 1장에서는 연구에 앞서 한국어 교재의 개념과 유형을 짚고 보았다. 2장에서는 교재가 개발되어야 하는 이유 및 전체 교재 구성의 원리와 함께 문제점을 살펴보았다. 먼저, 의사소통 교수라는 현재의 외국어 교육 이론을 적극 수용하고 그에 맞는 교수 학습 내용을 개발하는 방향으로 진행중인 한국어 기존 교재의 문제점을 살펴보았고, 다음으로 학습자나 정부의 필요성에 의해서 급속히 이루어지고 있는 중에 나타나는 교재 개발의 문제점을 파악하여 보았다. 한국어 교재의 어제와 오늘이라는 타이틀로 교재의 등장과 전개과정 및 교재 변천사 시기 구분을 해 보았다. 한국어 교재의 역사적 흐름을 살피면, 한국어 교육의 내용과 형식 및 관련 요인들의 변화 방향을 알 수 있게 되고 나아가 교재 발전 방향을 알고 개선할 근거를 찾아야 되기 때문에 무엇보다도 한국어 교재의 역사를 살펴보는 작업은 중요하다. 대상별 한국어 교재에 대한 논의를 했다. 여기에서 대상이란 목적이 다른 부류를 말하는데, 본고에서는 학문 목적의 유학생, 여성 결혼 이민자, 다문화 가정의 유아, 외국인 근로자를 대상으로 하는 특수 목적을 지닌 한국어 교재에 대해 서술했다. 한국어 교재 개발의 절차 및 유의점에 대한 내용으로 구성되어 있다. 교재 개발이란, 교수 번인과 학습 변인을 고려하여 새로운 교재를 편찬하여 발간하는 것을 말한다. 앞서 검토했던 의의와 문제점 및 역사 등 을 고려해 실제 개발 절차와 그 과정에서 유의해야 할 몇 가지를 간략히 기술했다. The purpose of this study is to describe the development of Korean language textbooks in periods from the 12th century until the present. This study focuses on Korean language textbooks which are divided chronologically and showed different contents in each period. A theme in the study is how Korean language textbooks changed in their format during the periods. A lot of topics, contents and information, teaching styles, student tasks and characteristics according to the periods are discussed. Finally, this study suggests the six directions for the development of the future Korean language textbooks for the various foreigners. Also, in the future, Korean language textbooks need more deeper studies and efforts for the various Korean language learners’ needs.

Bioactive Constituents from the n-Butanolic Fraction of Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus

Quoc Hung Vo,Phi Hung Nguyen,Bing Tian Zhao,Yen Nguyen Thi,Duc Hung Nguyen,김원일,서유민,민병선,우미희 한국생약학회 2014 Natural Product Sciences Vol.20 No.4

Six compounds were isolated from the n-BuOH fraction of the aerial parts of Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus including: sambunigrin (1), prunasin (2), aruncide A (3), aruncide C (4), 1-O-caffeoyl-β-D-glucopyranose (5), and caffeic acid (6). Their structures were confirmed by comparing the spectral data with those reported in the literature. The isolated compounds (1 - 6) were then examined for their cytotoxic effects towards MCF-7, HL-60, and HeLa cancer cell lines, as well as their DPPH radical scavenging activity. The results indicated that compound 4 possessed the strongest inhibitory effect toward HeLa cell line with IC50 value of 5.38 ± 0.92 μM. Compound 3 possessed selective cytotoxic activity on HL-60 cells with IC50 value of 6.27 ± 0.17 μM, compound 5 was found as the best in inhibiting proliferation with IC50 value of 2.25 ± 0.09 μM, and the other compounds showed significant inhibition with IC50 values ranging from 6.10 to 11.27 μM. Compound 5 also displayed the strongest cytotoxic effect toward MCF-7 cell line (IC50 4.32 ± 0.15 μM). Both 5 and 6 demonstrated strong radical scavenging activity (IC50 6.87 ± 0.03 and 4.33 ± 0.22 μM, respectively). Compounds 1 and 5 were isolated for the first time from this plant.

중·미 랜덤박스의 캐릭터 디자인 비교 -몰리와 LOL 서프라이즈 상품을 별자리 시리즈 중심으로-

조항(Zhao Hang),김치훈(Kim CheeHoon) 한국만화애니메이션학회 2021 만화애니메이션연구 Vol.- No.65

장난감의 존재는 메소포타미아, 바빌론, 그리스와 로마 시대 등 오래전 고대 문명까지 거슬러 올라간다. 16세기까지 장난감 제조 기술은 상당히 복잡하고 어려운 과정이었고 사회적 지위가 높은 상류층이 장난감을 독점했다. 18세기에 들어서서 독일은 몰딩공법으로 유럽 장난감 제조의 중심지 역할을 했고 당시에는 장난감의 얼굴 표정을 만들고 걷는 동작을 표현하기 위해 다양한 기계 부품을 사용하기도 하였다. 이렇듯 장난감 산업은 시대별로 새로운 트렌드를 가지고 있다. 또한 장난감의 주소비자인 아이들과 그것을 구매하는 부모님들의 취향이 빠르게 바뀌기 때문에 장난감의 라이프 사이클 역시 짧아졌다. 그래서 장난감 회사는 소비자들의 요구와 취향에 맞는 신제품을 계속 찾고 새로운 것을 개발하고 있다. 랜덤박스는 2000년대 들어 대중에게 가장 인기 있는 장난감으로 인식되고 있다. 랜덤박스는 일본에서 시작하여 구미에서 유행하였다. 해외 각 지역에서 비슷한 유행이 있지만, 중국의 랜덤박스 산업은인터넷 시대를 맞아 거대한 인구가 랜덤박스 장난감이라는 큰 시장을 개척하였고 시작은 늦었지만 발전 속도가 매우 빠른 특징을 보이고 있다. 2020년 12월 홍콩에 상장된 중국 최초의 랜덤박스로 상장한 장난감 회사 POP 마트는 랜덤박스 경제 열기를 최고조로 만들었고 중국의 젊은이와 미국의 청소년층에서 열광하는 이유에 대한 연구가 대두되었다. 본 연구는 랜덤박스의 발전 과정을 파악하고 랜덤박스의 소비 동기, 소비심리, 소비 행동 등 소비 메커니즘을 분석해 ‘별자리 문화’가 사람들에 대한 미치는 영향 및 중미 양국의 다른 심미적 차이를 배경으로 연구하였다. 랜덤박스의 캐릭터 디자인 차원에서 미국의 LOL 서프라이즈 인형의 별자리 시리즈 랜덤박스와 중국 POP 마트 산하 몰리의 별자리 시리즈 랜덤박스의 캐릭터 비교 연구를 주요대상으로 하였으며 판매량 및 대중 선호도라는 두 가지를 결합해 두 랜덤박스의 비교 분석하였다. 중국과 미국 랜덤박스의 브랜드 비교, 포장 디자인 비교, 캐릭터 디자인 비교, 캐릭터 스타일 차별성 비교, 컬러 비교, 사용 재료 대비를 심층적으로 연구하였다. 중미 랜덤박스 디자인의 차별성 연구를 통해 랜덤박스 제품 디자인 특성과 캐릭터 외형의 선호도 결과를 기반으로 랜덤박스 디자인에 대한 이론적 근거와 실제 응용 데이터를 제공함으로써 향후 랜덤박스 캐릭터의 디자인과 개발에 영향을 줄 수 있기를 기대한다. The existence of toys dates back to ancient civilizations such as Mesopotamian, Babylon, Greek and Roman times as well as the Middle Ages. Upon entering the 18th century, Germany became a center of European toy manufacturing with a molding process, and at that time, various mechanical parts were used to create facial expressions of toys and to express walking motions. As such, the toy industry has new trends for each era. Moreover, the preferences of major consumers of toys-children and parents -change quickly, so the life cycle of toys is short. As a result, toy companies have been trying to look for new products that meet consumer needs and preferences. Since entering the 21st century, the blind box has become the most popular toy. China’s blind box industry is booming in the Internet era, and its huge population has opened up a large market for blind box, which shows a late start but rapid growth. China’s first listed toy company with blind box, POP Mart, went public in Hong Kong in December 2020, pushing the blind box economy to the top of the field. Now we need to research into why China’s youth and America’s teenage are going wild for it. This study takes the influence of “horoscope culture” on people and the aesthetic differences between China and the United States as the background, to understand the development of the blind box, to analyze the consumer motivation of the blind box, to analyze the consumer psychology, consumer behavior and other consumption mechanisms as the main study content. In this paper, from the perspective of the role design of the blind box, the role of the zodiac series of blind boxes of LOL Surprise in the United States and the zodiac series of blind boxes of Molly under POP Mart in China are the main objects of study, and the two aspects of sales and public preference are combined to conduct a comparative analysis of the two kinds of blind boxes. The brand, packaging design, character design, character style variability, color and use of the materials of blind boxes in China and the United States were compared in depth in this paper. Through the study of the differences in blind box design between China and the USA, based on the blind box product design characteristics and character shape preferences, it is hoped that this study can provide a theoretical basis and practical application data for blind box design, thus influencing the design and development of future blind box roles.

A national survey on how to improve traditional Chinese medicine learning internationally: Perceptions from both teachers and students

Zhu Yu-Hang,Yan Wu,Hao Zhang,Yanfei Zhao,Yule Ren,Wei Hu,Pan Li,Huiyi Wang,Ying Wang,Boda Zhang,Yujie Wang,Hongwen Yuan,Jiping Zhang,Wenqiang Li,Yufang Zhao,Jie Zhao,Yedong Shi,Yanye Shu,Xiao Zhang,Ya 한국한의학연구원 2022 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.11 No.4

Background With the increasing popularity of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) by the global community, how to teach basic knowledge of TCM to international students and improve the teaching quality are important issues for teachers of TCM. The present study was to analyze the perceptions from both students and teachers on how to improve TCM learning internationally. Methods A cross-sectional national survey was conducted at 23 universities/colleges across China. A structured, self-reported on-line questionnaire was administered to 34 Chinese teachers who taught TCM course in English and to 1016 international undergraduates who were enrolled in the TCM course in China between 2017 and 2021. Results Thirty-three (97.1%) teachers and 900 (88.6%) undergraduates agreed Chinese culture should be fully integrated into TCM courses. All teachers and 944 (92.9%) undergraduates thought that TCM had important significance in the clinical practice. All teachers and 995 (97.9%) undergraduates agreed that modern research of TCM is valuable. Thirty-three (97.1%) teachers and 959 (94.4%) undergraduates thought comparing traditional medicine in different countries with TCM can help the students better understand TCM. Thirty-two (94.1%) teachers and 962 (94.7%) undergraduates agreed on the use of practical teaching method with case reports. From the perceptions of the undergraduates, the top three beneficial learning styles were practice (34.3%), teacher's lectures (32.5%), case studies (10.4%). The first choice of learning mode was attending to face-to-face teaching (82.3%). The top three interesting contents were acupuncture (75.5%), Chinese herbal medicine (63.8%), and massage (55.0%). Conclusion To improve TCM learning among international undergraduates majoring in conventional medicine, integration of Chinese culture into TCM course, comparison of traditional medicine in different countries with TCM, application of the teaching method with case reports, and emphasization of clinical practice as well as modern research on TCM should be fully considered.

Intravenous Tenecteplase for Acute Ischemic Stroke Within 4.5–24 Hours of Onset (ROSE-TNK): A Phase 2, Randomized, Multicenter Study

Wang Lu,Dai Ying-Jie,Cui Yu,Zhang Hong,Jiang Chang-Hao,Duan Ying-Jie,Zhao Yong,Feng Ye-Fang,Geng Shi-Mei,Zhang Zai-Hui,Lu Jiang,Zhang Ping,Zhao Li-Wei,Zhao Hang,Ma Yu-Tong,Song Cheng-Guang,Zhang Yi,Ch 대한뇌졸중학회 2023 Journal of stroke Vol.25 No.3

Background and Purpose Intravenous tenecteplase (TNK) efficacy has not been well demonstrated in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) beyond 4.5 hours after onset. This study aimed to determine the effect of intravenous TNK for AIS within 4.5 to 24 hours of onset. Methods In this pilot trial, eligible AIS patients with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) mismatch were randomly allocated to intravenous TNK (0.25 mg/kg) or standard care within 4.5–24 hours of onset. The primary endpoint was excellent functional outcome at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score of 0–1). The primary safety endpoint was symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Results Of the randomly assigned 80 patients, the primary endpoint occurred in 52.5% (21/40) of TNK group and 50.0% (20/40) of control group, with no significant difference (unadjusted odds ratio, 1.11; 95% confidence interval 0.46–2.66; <i>P</i>=0.82). More early neurological improvement occurred in TNK group than in control group (11 vs. 3, <i>P</i>=0.03), but no significant differences were found in other secondary endpoints, such as mRS 0–2 at 90 days, shift analysis of mRS at 90 days, and change in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at 24 hours and 7 days. There were no cases of sICH in this trial; however, asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 3 of the 40 patients (7.5%) in the TNK group. Conclusion This phase 2, randomized, multicenter study suggests that intravenous TNK within 4.5–24 hours of onset may be safe and feasible in AIS patients with a DWI-FLAIR mismatch.

Traffic Forecast Assisted Adaptive VNF Dynamic Scaling

Hang Qiu,Hongbo Tang,Yu Zhao,Wei You,Xinsheng Ji 한국인터넷정보학회 2022 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.16 No.11

NFV realizes flexible and rapid software deployment and management of network functions in the cloud network, and provides network services in the form of chained virtual network functions (VNFs). However, using VNFs to provide quality guaranteed services is still a challenge because of the inherent difficulty in intelligently scaling VNFs to handle traffic fluctuations. Most existing works scale VNFs with fixed-capacity instances, that is they take instances of the same size and determine a suitable deployment location without considering the cloud network resource distribution. This paper proposes a traffic forecasted assisted proactive VNF scaling approach, and it adopts the instance capacity adaptive to the node resource. We first model the VNF scaling as integer quadratic programming and then propose a proactive adaptive VNF scaling (PAVS) approach. The approach employs an efficient traffic forecasting method based on LSTM to predict the upcoming traffic demands. With the obtained traffic demands, we design a resource-aware new VNF instance deployment algorithm to scale out under-provisioning VNFs and a redundant VNF instance management mechanism to scale in over-provisioning VNFs. Trace-driven simulation demonstrates that our proposed approach can respond to traffic fluctuation in advance and reduce the total cost significantly.

One-Bath Union Dyeing of Wool/Acrylic Blend Fabric with Cationic Reactive Dyes Based on Azobenzene

Hang Xiao,Tao Zhao 한국섬유공학회 2018 Fibers and polymers Vol.19 No.2

Three unreported cationic reactive dyes based on azobenzene were synthesized using a novel synthetic route. Synthesized dyestuffs containing three primary color dyes were characterized by FTIR, H-NMR, LC-MS, Element Analysis and UV-vis spectroscopic techniques. The absorption spectra of dyes were measured in three solvents with different polarities. The dyeing and color fastness properties of three cationic reactive dyes on wool, acrylic and wool/acrylic blendfabrics were determined. The optimum pH for wool and acrylic fabrics were 6 and 5, respectively. Effect of temperature, time on dyeing properties and color fastness properties on wool fabric showed the same tendency with acrylic fabric. The K/S value of wool fabric dyed with three dyes was similar to that of acrylic fabric when both fabrics were dyed simultaneously in the same dyebath using low dye concentration. Wool/acrylic blend fabric dyed with three cationic reactive dyes using onebath one-step method achieved good union dyeing property and excellent color fastness.