Growth and Union Acclimation Process of Sweet Pepper Grafted by a Tubing-Grafting Robotic System

Yung-Chiung Chang,Suming Chen,Yi-Chich Chiu,Lian-Hsiung Lin,Yu-Sen Chang 한국원예학회 2012 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.53 No.2

Sweet pepper ‘Andalus’ (Capsicum annuum L. ‘Andalus’) was grafted on chili pepper ‘P’ (Capsicum chinense ‘P’) by hand and by using a tubing-grafting robotic system. After grafting, the growth and condition of the seedlings grafted by machine were similar to that of the seedlings grafted by the traditional hand method. Although the cut interfaces on the mechanically grafted seedlings were more irregular, seedlings’ acclimation process was similar to that of those which had been grafted by hand. This indicates that the tubing-grafting robotic system can be applied generally to grafting operations, thus allowing improvements in production efficiency.

Phenological Characteristics of Potted Kumquat under Protected Culture

Yung-Chiung Chang,Yu-Sen Chang,Iou-Zen Chen,Lian-Hsiung Lin 한국원예학회 2020 원예과학기술지 Vol.38 No.2

This study investigated phenological changes, shoot growth, and flowering habits of potted kumquat[Fortunella margarita (Lour.) Swingle] grown in subtropical conditions of I-Lan County, Taiwan. The shoots of the second, third, and fourth flushes of kumquat sprouted in mid-May, early July, andearly September, corresponding to 70-80, 112-122, and 168-178 days after the buds sprouted fromthe first flush, respectively. As the flushing sequence progressed, the number of shoots, the rate offlowering, and the number of flowers decreased. There were four flowering peaks in 2010 and fivein 2011. The shoots of the secondary and tertiary flushes still bloomed in 2010, but they did notflower in 2011. In 2011, the second flowering period of the first flush shoot, which flowered inmid-July, fruit set, and fruit growth showed the best performance, and the whole fruit developmentduration took about 169 days.

Response of Shoot Growth, Photosynthetic Capacity, Flowering, and Fruiting of Potted ‘Nagami’ Kumquat to Different Regulated Deficit Irrigation

Yung-Chiung Chang,Yu-Sen Chang,Lian-Hsiung Lin 한국원예학회 2015 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.56 No.4

The objective of this study was to determine the level of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) for the potted ‘Nagami’ kumquat culture. Three treatments, control, RDI 1, and RDI 2, representing 75, 55, and 35% of available soil water content, respectively, were implemented for two weeks after the elongation of the newly-sprouted shoots (the first flush) was nearly terminated. Leaf water potential, leaf photosynthetic activity, shoot vegetative growth, flowering, and fruiting were monitored to evaluate the effects of the RDI treatments. After water withholding for two weeks (stage B), trees treated with RDI 2 decreased considerably in their leaf water potential, and exhibited the highest integrated leaf water potential index, which indicated that their leaves had suffered from the highest level of stress. The net CO2 assimilation rate (Pn) and available fluorescence (Fv)/maximum fluorescence (Fm) and Fv’/Fm’ ratios also decreased substantially in RDI 2-treated trees. However, the stressed trees exhibited compensatory growth, and all growth parameters returned to normal following re-watering. RDI 2 treatment increased flowering potential of the trees, showing the highest average flowering ratio of 50%, which differed substantially from that of the control and RDI 1. No significant differences were observed between the responses of RDI 1 and control, indicating that both treatments were not severe enough to induce a visible physiological effect in trees. By contrast, RDI 2 treatment efficiently changed the shoot growth phase and increased the number of flowers on the shoots, which may be exploited as an efficient approach for kumquat flowering control.

Temperature Effects on Shoot Growth and Flowering of Kumquat Trees

Yung-Chiung Chang,Iou-Zen Chen,Lian-Hsiung Lin,Yu-Sen Chang 한국원예학회 2014 원예과학기술지 Vol.32 No.1

This study investigated the effects of temperature on the shoot growth and flowering of potted kumquat [Fortunella margarita ( Lour.) Swingle] trees grown in subtropical conditions of I-Lan County in Taiwan. Temperature treatments included T 25-32, T 17-25, T 22, and T 18. The T 25-32 treatment trees were to the day/night temperatures of 25/18°C for 2 weeks, followed by 28 weeks at 32/25°C. T 17-25 was exposed for 4 weeks to 17/10°C followed by 26 weeks at 25/18°C. T 22 and T 18 were exposed at 22/18°C and 18/13°C, respectively, for the entire duration of the experiment. Control trees were placed in a plastic greenhouse under conditions similar to the natural environment. The kumquat trees exposed to high-temperature environment of 32/25°C showed more frequent and speedy sprouting of new buds, but induced the earlier termination of shoot elongation growth, resulting in decreased vegetative growth. The temperature treatments lower than 22°C suppressed the new shoot production but increased the shoot growth period, resulting in increased shoot length and diameter. Temperatures higher than 25/18°C readily induced flowering, with flowering being advanced under the higher temperature conditions such as 32/25°C. However, flowering was substantially inhibited under temperature conditions lower than 22/18°C, indicating the negative role of relatively lower temperatures on flowering of kumquat trees.

Effects of Temperature and Ethylene Response Inhibitors on Growth and Flowering of Passion Fruit

Liu, Fang-Yin,Peng, Yung-Liang,Chang, Yu-Sen Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2015 원예과학기술지 Vol.33 No.3

This study examined the effects of different day/night temperature regimes or silver ion on growth and flowering of passion fruit 'Tai-nung No.1'. Low temperature treatment ($20/15^{\circ}C$) caused passion fruit cultivar 'Tai-nung No.1' to fail to flower. Flowering induction occurred within a temperature range of $20-30^{\circ}C$, with no significant difference in the days to first flower bud and the total number of flower buds between plants grown at $30/25^{\circ}C$ and $25/20^{\circ}C$. However, plants grown at $30/25^{\circ}C$ exhibited their first flower buds set on the higher nodes and had higher abortion rates of flower buds than those at $25/20^{\circ}C$. Plants grown at $30/25^{\circ}C$ had the most rapid growth and the shortest plastochron. We also evaluated the effect of the ethylene response inhibitors silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$) and silver thiosulfate (STS) on growth and flowering of potted passion fruit 'Tai-nung No.1', when they were exposed to low temperature conditions ($20/15^{\circ}C$) following chemical treatments ($AgNO_3$ or STS, at 0.5 or 1.0 mM). $AgNO_3$ and STS treatments induced flower formation and initial flower bud formation within approximately two weeks at $20/15^{\circ}C$ whereas non-treated control plants exhibited no flower formation. ACC content and activity of ACC oxidase in the leaves of passion fruit 'Tai-nung No.1'exposed to low temperature conditions ($20/15^{\circ}C$) were significantly inhibited by the ethylene inhibitor treatments. These results indicate that ethylene, which is produced under low temperature conditions, plays an important role in inhibiting flower formation in passion fruit.

Effects of Temperature and Ethylene Response Inhibitors on Growth and Flowering of Passion Fruit

Fang-Yin Liu,Yung-Liang Peng,Yu-Sen Chang 한국원예학회 2015 원예과학기술지 Vol.33 No.3

This study examined the effects of different day/night temperature regimes or silver ion on growth and flowering of passion fruit ‘Tai-nung No.1’. Low temperature treatment (20/15℃) caused passion fruit cultivar ‘Tai-nung No.1’ to fail to flower. Flowering induction occurred within a temperature range of 20-30℃, with no significant difference in the days to first flower bud and the total number of flower buds between plants grown at 30/25℃ and 25/20℃. However, plants grown at 30/25℃ exhibited their first flower buds set on the higher nodes and had higher abortion rates of flower buds than those at 25/20℃. Plants grown at 30/25℃ had the most rapid growth and the shortest plastochron. We also evaluated the effect of the ethylene response inhibitors silver nitrate (AgNO₃) and silver thiosulfate (STS) on growth and flowering of potted passion fruit ‘Tai-nung No.1’, when they were exposed to low temperature conditions (20/15℃) following chemical treatments (AgNO₃ or STS, at 0.5 or 1.0 mM). AgNO₃ and STS treatments induced flower formation and initial flower bud formation within approximately two weeks at 20/15℃ whereas non-treated control plants exhibited no flower formation. ACC content and activity of ACC oxidase in the leaves of passion fruit ‘Tai-nung No.1’exposed to low temperature conditions (20/15℃) were significantly inhibited by the ethylene inhibitor treatments. These results indicate that ethylene, which is produced under low temperature conditions, plays an important role in inhibiting flower formation in passion fruit.

Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Vegetation Indices to Predict the Timing of Nitrogen Demand in Pentas lanceolata

Chun-Wei Wu,Kuan-Hung Lin,Ming-Chih Lee,Yung-Liang Peng,Ting-Yi Chou,Yu-Sen Chang 한국원예학회 2015 원예과학기술지 Vol.33 No.6

The objective of this study was to predict the timing of nitrogen (N) demand through analyzing chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF), soil-plant analysis development (SPAD), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), which are positively correlated with foliar N concentration in star cluster (Pentas lanceolata). The plants were grown in potting soil under optimal conditions for 30 d, followed by weekly irrigation with five concentrations (0, 4, 8, 16, and 24 mM) of N for an additional 30 d. These five N application levels corresponded to leaf N concentrations of 2.62, 3.48, 4.00, 4.23, and 4.69%, respectively. We measured 13 morphological and physiological parameters, as well as the responses of these parameters to various N-fertilizer treatments. The general increases in Dickson’s quality index (DQI), above-ground dry weight (DW), total DW, flowering rate, △F/Fm’, and qP in response to t reatment with 0 to 8 mM N were similar to those of SPAD, NDVI, and Fv/Fm. Consistent and s trong correlations (R² = 0.60 to 0.85) were observed between leaf N concentration (%) and SPAD, NDVI, △F/Fm’, and above-ground DW. Validation of leaf S PAD, NDVI, and △F/Fm’ revealed that these vegetation indices are accurate predictors of leaf N concentration that can be used for non-destructive estimation of the proper timing for N-solution irrigation of P. lanceolata. Moreover, irrigation with 8 mM N-fertilizer i s recommended w hen leaf N concentration, SPAD, NVDI, and △F/Fm’ ratios are reduced from their saturation values of 4.00, 50.68, 0.64, and 0.137%, respectively.

Distal Mean Nocturnal Baseline Impedance Predicts Pathological Reflux of Isolated Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Symptoms

Hua-Nong Luo,Chen-Chi Wang,Ying-Cheng Lin,Chun-Yi Chuang,Yung-An Tsou,Ja-Chih Fu,Sheng-Shun Yang,Chi-Sen Chang,Han-Chung Lien 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2023 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.29 No.2

Background/AimsDiagnosis of isolated laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms (ILPRS), ie, without concomitant typical reflux symptoms (CTRS), remains difficult. Mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) reflects impaired mucosal integrity. We determined whether esophageal MNBI could predict pathological esophagopharyngeal reflux (pH+) in patients with ILPRS. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study conducted in Taiwan, non-erosive or low-grade esophagitis patients with predominant laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms underwent combined hypopharyngeal multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring when off acid suppressants. Participants were divided into the ILPRS (n = 94) and CTRS (n = 63) groups. Asymptomatic subjects without esophagitis (n = 25) served as healthy controls. The MNBI values at 3 cm and 5 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and the proximal esophagus were measured. ResultsDistal but not proximal esophageal median MNBI values were significantly lower in patients with pH+ than in those with pH– (ILPRS in pH+ vs pH–: 1607 Ω vs 2709 Ω and 1885 Ω vs 2563 Ω at 3 cm and 5 cm above LES, respectively; CTRS in pH+ vs pH–: 1476 vs 2307 Ω and 1500 vs 2301 Ω at 3 cm and 5 cm above LES, respectively, P < 0.05 for all). No significant differences of any MNBI exist between any pH– subgroups and healthy controls. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve in the ILPRS group were 0.75 and 0.80, compared to the pH– subgroup and healthy controls (P < 0.001 for both), respectively. Interobserver reproducibility was good (Spearman correlation 0.93, P < 0.0001). ConclusionDistal esophageal MNBI predicts pathological reflux in patients with ILPRS.

Mutual intercropping-inspired co-silanization to graft well-oriented organosilane as adhesion promotion nanolayer for flexible conductors

Yi-Hsuan Chen,Yi-Hsiang Lai,Ping-Heng Wu,Li-Syuan Chen,Yung-Sen Lin,Chih-Ming Chen 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.83 No.-

Surface metallization of polymer substrate andfilm adhesion are crucial to the development offlexibleelectronics. This study demonstrates the co-silanization engineering on the polyimide (PI)film by mutualintercropping of two organosilane molecules to improve their grafting orientability and enhance theadsorbability toward the PI substrate and loaded metal atoms. The mutual intercropping-inspired cosilanizationengineering is implemented by using 3-[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]pyridine (TEP) as asupporting organosilane to spatially confine the grafting orientation of the supported aminosilane, 3-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]propyl-trimethoxysilane (ETAS), leading to the formation of a wellorientedorganosilane composite nanolayer as adhesion promotion layer forflexible conductors. Theflexible Cu conductor electrolessly deposited on the PIfilm by co-silanization shows improved adhesionstrength (0.9 kgf/cm) compared to those based on mono-silanization (0.51 kgf/cm) and sputtered Ta/Cu(0.4 kgf/cm). Superior deformability (bendability) was also achieved for the co-silanized Cu/PI sample byretaining good electrical property after bending cycle up to 1000.

Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Vegetation Indices to Predict the Timing of Nitrogen Demand in Pentas lanceolata

Wu, Chun-Wei,Lin, Kuan-Hung,Lee, Ming-Chih,Peng, Yung-Liang,Chou, Ting-Yi,Chang, Yu-Sen Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2015 원예과학기술지 Vol.33 No.6

The objective of this study was to predict the timing of nitrogen (N) demand through analyzing chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF), soil-plant analysis development (SPAD), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), which are positively correlated with foliar N concentration in star cluster (Pentas lanceolata). The plants were grown in potting soil under optimal conditions for 30 d, followed by weekly irrigation with five concentrations (0, 4, 8, 16, and 24 mM) of N for an additional 30 d. These five N application levels corresponded to leaf N concentrations of 2.62, 3.48, 4.00, 4.23, and 4.69%, respectively. We measured 13 morphological and physiological parameters, as well as the responses of these parameters to various N-fertilizer treatments. The general increases in Dickson's quality index (DQI), above-ground dry weight (DW), total DW, flowering rate, ${\Delta}F/Fm$', and qP in response to treatment with 0 to 8 mM N were similar to those of SPAD, NDVI, and Fv/Fm. Consistent and strong correlations ($R^2$= 0.60 to 0.85) were observed between leaf N concentration (%) and SPAD, NDVI, ${\Delta}F/Fm$', and above-ground DW. Validation of leaf S PAD, NDVI, and ${\Delta}F/Fm$' revealed that these vegetation indices are accurate predictors of leaf N concentration that can be used for non-destructive estimation of the proper timing for N-solution irrigation of P. lanceolata. Moreover, irrigation with 8 mM N-fertilizer i s recommended w hen leaf N concentration, SPAD, NVDI, and ${\Delta}F/Fm$' ratios are reduced from their saturation values of 4.00, 50.68, 0.64, and 0.137%, respectively.