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Lee, Suk-Ho,Ho, Won-Kyung,Earm, Yung-E The Korean Physiological Society 1991 대한생리학회지 Vol.25 No.1
Single smooth muscle cells of the rabbit pulmonary artery were isolated by treatment with collagenase and elastase. Using the patch clamp technique, potassium channel activity was recorded from the inside-out membrane patch. The channel had a sin히e channel conductance of about 360 pS in symmetrical concentration of K on both sides of the patch, 150 mM, and had a linear current-voltage relationship. During the application of 10 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA) to the intracellular membrane surface, the amplitude of single channel current was reduced and very rapid flickering appeared. The open probability $(P_0)$ of this channel was increased by increasing positivity of the potential across the patch membrane, with e-fold increase by 20 mV depolarization, and by increasing the internal $Ca^{2+}$ concentration. These findings are consistent with those of large conductance Ca-activated K channels reported in other tissues. But the shortening of the mean open time by increasing $[Ca^{2+}]_i$, was an unexpected result and one additional closed state which might be arisen from a block of the open channel by Ca binding was suggested. The $P_0-membrane$ potential relationship was modulated by internal pH. Decreasing pH reduced $P_0$. Increasing pH not only increased $P_0$ but also weakened the voltage dependency of the channel opening. The modulation of Ca-activated K channel by pH was thought to be related to the mechanism of regulation of vascular tone by the pH change.
김기환,엄융의,Kim, Ki-Whan,Earm, Yung-E 대한생리학회 1975 대한생리학회지 Vol.9 No.1
Various factors influencing the lymph flow from thoracic duct were investigated in an attempt to evaluate their contributing degree and the mechanisms. Sixteen mongrel dogs weighing between 10 and 16 kg were anesthetized and polyethylene catheters were inserted into the thoracic duct and femoral veins. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure, lymph pressure and lymph flow were measured under various conditions. Electrical stimulation of left sciatic nerve, stepwise increase of central venous pressure, manual application of rhythmical depressions onto abdomen, injection of hypertonic saline solution and histamine infusion were employed. Measurement of cental venous pressure was performed through the recording catheter inserted into abdominal inferior vena cava. Changes in central venous pressure were made by an air-ballooning catheter located higher than the tip of the recording catheter in the inferior vena cava. Lymph flow from thoracic duct was measured directly with a graduated centrifuge tube allowing the lymph to flow freely outward through the inserted cannula. The average side pressure of thoracic lymph was $1.1\;cmH_2O$ and lymph flow was 0.40 ml/min or 1.9 ml/kg-hr. Hemodynamic parameters including lymph flow were measure immediately before and after (or during) applying a condition. Stimulation of left sciatic nerve with a square wave (5/sec, 2 msec, 10V) caused the lymph flow to increase 1.4 times. The pattern of lymph flow from thoracic duct was not continuous throughout the respiratory cycle, but was continuous only during Inspiration. Slow and deep respiration appeared to increase the lymph flow than a rapid and shallow respiration. Relationship between central venous pressure and the lymph flow revealed a relatively direct proportionality; Regression equation was Lymph Flow (ml/kg-hr)=0.09 CVP$(cmH_2O)$+0.55, r=0.67. Manual depressions onto the abdomen in accordance with the respiratory cycle caused the lymph flow to increase most remarkably, e.g,. 5.5 times. The application of manual depressions showed a fluctuation of central venous pressure superimposed on the respiratory fluctuation. Hypertonic saline solution (2% NaCl) administered Intravenously by the amount of 10 m1/kg increased the lymph flow 4.6 times. The injection also increased arterial blood pressure, especially systolic Pressure, and the central venous pressure. Slow intravenous infusion of histamine with a rate of 14-32 ${\mu}g/min$ resulted in a remarkable increase in the lymph flow (4.7 times), in spite of much decrease in the blood pressure and a slight decrease in the central venous pressure.
Yu, Seung‐,Ho,Conte, Donato E.,Baek, Seunghwan,Lee, Dong‐,Chan,Park, Seung‐,Keun,Lee, Kyung Jae,Piao, Yuanzhe,Sung, Yung‐,Eun,Pinna, Nicola WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 Advanced functional materials Vol.23 No.35
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Non‐aqueous sol‐gel routes involving the reaction of metal oxide precursors in organic solvents (e.g., benzyl alcohol) at moderate temperature and pressure, offer advantages such as high purity, high reproducibility and the ability to control the crystal growth without the need of using additional ligands. In this paper, a study carried out on a series of iron oxide/reduced graphene oxide composites is presented to elucidate a structure‐properties relationship leading to an improved electrochemical performance of such composites. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the easy production of the composites in a variety of temperature and composition ranges, allows a fine control over the final particles size, density and distribution. The materials obtained are remarkable in terms of the particle's size homogeneity and dispersion onto the reduced graphene oxide surface. Moreover, the synthesis method used to obtain the graphene oxide clearly affects the performances of the final composites through the control of the restacking of the reduced graphene oxide sheets. It is shown that a homogeneous and less defective reduced graphene oxide enables good electrochemical performances even at high current densities (over 500 mAh/g delivered at current densities as high as 1600 mA/g). The electrochemical properties of improved samples reach the best compromise between specific capacity, rate capability and cycle stability reported so far.</P>
토끼 동방결절에서의 완만내향전류(i<sub>si</sub>)에 관한 연구
안광필(Ahn, Kwang-Pil),이영균(Lee, Young-Kyun),엄융의(Earm, Yung-E),김우겸(Kim, Woo-Gyeum) 대한생리학회 1986 대한생리학회지 Vol.20 No.2
The voltage clamp studies were undertaken to elucidate the properties of the slow inward current, i<sub>si</sub> in the small preparations of the rabbit sinoatrial node. The slow inward current, i<sub>si</sub> which is known to be responsible for the late one-third of pacemaker potential and whole range of upstroke phase of action potential was analysed with the effects of isoprenaline, cobalt, ouabain and higenamine. The results obtained are as follows; 1) Voltage of SA node preparation was held at zero current level, usually-40mV and the slow inward current, i<sub>si</sub> was activated by depolarizing clamp pulses. Peak values of i<sub>si</sub> in steady state were at -10±0mV in most preparations. 2) Isoprenaline, β-agonist increased i<sub>si</sub> and no shift was noticed in voltage-dependency. 3) Cobalt ion in the concentration of 1 mM abolished is, in entire range of membrane potential and the difference of two current levels before and after Co<sup>2+</sup> treatment could be considered as pure i<sub>si</sub> magnitude. 4) In the therapeutic concentration of ouabain (5 X 10<sup>-8</sup>M) slightly increased is, and reduced the time to reach the peak value. 5) Higenamine (10<sup>-6</sup>M) changed the configurations of action potential (i. e. rapid upstroke phase and notch in the spike) and increase spontaneous rate. It also increased is, and the effect of higenamine was blocked β-blocker, propranolol (10<sup>-6</sup>M).
Acriflavine과 Guanosine 복합체(AG60)의 유전독성시험
정영신(Young-Shin Chung),홍은경(Eun-Kyung Hong),김상건(Sang Geon Kim),안의태(E-Tay Ahn),이경영(Kyung-Yung Lee),강종구(Jong-Koo Kang) 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2002 한국환경성돌연변이·발암원학회지 Vol.22 No.2
AG60, the complex of acriflavine and guanosine, has been shown to possess the synergistic antitumorigenic activity in the previous paper (J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1997, 49:216). In this study, we have investigated the genotoxic properties of AG60 using in vitro and in vivo system such as Ames bacterial reversion test, chromosomal aberration assay and micronucleus assay. In Ames reverse mutation test, AG60 treatment at the dose range up to 250 μg/plate caused the dose-independent random induction of the mutagenic colony formation in S. typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1537, and E. coli WP2uvrA, while any mutagenic effect of AG60 wasn't observed in S. typhimurium TA1535. Any significant chromosomal aberration wasn't observed in chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast cells incubated with PBS or AG60 at the concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10 μg/ml for 24<br/> hours without but even with S9 metabolic activation system for 6 hours. In vivo ICR mice, the intramuscular injection of AG60 at the doses of 7.15, 14.3, and 28.6 mg/kg did not induce the frequency of micronucleus formation. However, mitomycin C, as one of the positive controls at the dose of 2 mg/kg caused the 8.4% induction<br/> in the frequency of micronucleus and 24% increase in the chromosomal aberration.