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한강의 Microflora 에 관한 연구 (제2보 ) - 춘천 및 청평저수지를 중심으로 한 한강의 식물성 plankton 과 그 계절적 소장
정영호(Yung Ho Chung),계응서(Eung Suh Kay),박덕환(Duck Whan Park) 한국식물학회 1968 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.11 No.2
The Han River was investigated monthly from April through Septemher, 1967 at Chunchon reservoir, Shin-yean, So-yang, Chung-pyong reservoir, Yang-soo-ri and Gi-doo-won to clarify the phytoplankton and to study its seasonal variation. At the same time, vertical distribution of phytoplankton was also studied from June through September at Chun-chon and Chung-pyong reservoir. The results obtained are as follows: As the environmental conditions, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and transparency were determined. The plankton samples collected from six stations were identified and classified by Engler`s classification system. It resulted in 4 phyla, 4 classes, 3 subclasses, 13 orders, 27 families, 5 tribes, 71 genera, 222 species, 1 subspecies, 51 varieties and 2 forms. The total number of Phytoplankton identified was 276. Of them, 84 species, 1 subspecies 26 varieties, 2 forms were recorded in this paper for the first time. Considering with the habitat of the total number of phytoplanktons, the highest percentage of Limnoplankton existed in the Chung-pyong reservoir. It suggests that the Chung-pyong reservoir is becoming to have the character of lake. The planktons appeared comnonly during six months at six stations belong to Chrysophyta including 22 species in 11 genera. Among these 22 species. Navicula, consists of 6 species, was the most abundant. The number of species identified uniquely at each station were 5 species in the Chun-chon reservoir, 6 in Chung-pyong and Yang-soo-ri, 8 at Shin-yean, 11 at So-yang, and 18 at Gi-doo-won. The number of species occurred at all stations were 29 in spring, 42 in Autumn and during investigation period. The maximum production of total phytoplankton was generally shown in the late spring and the early fall with differences in quantity at six collecting stations. In the Chun-chon reservoir, the high concentration of approximately 1,190,000 cells per litter in the months of August and September was due to the increase of Chrysophyte genus, Melosira and the highest concentration of approximately 2,000,000 in July at Gi-doo-won was caused Chlorophyte genus, Secenedesmus. The Chun-chon reservoir of three years old was different from the Chung-pyong reservoir of 25 years old with respect to increase in Melosira genus in August and September. After the completion of the Ui-am reservoir, though there was an increase in total density, the number of species of phytoplankton was not changed. It suggests that Ui-am reservoir is similar to the Chun-chon reservoir under the influence of the latter. The density of total phytoplankton was generally high at the depth of 2m to 5m for the two reservoirs.
卞烘圭,吳鎭坤,申鎔鎭,金泳喆,鄭求福,柳哲鍾,洪允杓 全北大學校 1977 論文集 Vol.19 No.-
The Comprehensive Examination for the undergraduate students is planned to adopt the Jeonbug National University for the purpose of enhancing the quality of its educational outputs. In order to effectively measure and evaluate the level of student progress toward the minimun standard as the students who have finished their general education and basic education for their major field study, the university has decided to make an item pool related to the subjects for the examination. This study is an attempt to make good items of five required courses among general education subjects which are Korean Language, English, Korean History, National Ethics. and Natural Science and are expected to be the subjects of the examination. Instead of making those items separately from the regular examination during the academic semesters, the university plans to collect and use good items from the usual mid-term and final examinations of those subjects. A key concern, in this study, therefore, is to analyze all the items used for the mid-term and final examinations of those subjects during the regular academic semesters. From the data of an about 100 sample in each subject at each time of total three tests, the difficulty index, discrimination index, the response rate of students on each item, and other general descriptive statistics are calculated and then good items are pooled for the future use for the Comprehensive Examination. Anhother important concern in this study is this study is given to the collection and analysis of controversial issues and problems on the process of operating the examination at other universities where the Comprehensive Examination is already adopted. The data from four institutions and from opinions of six participants of this study are used. The following main findidings are summarized : 1. The items have generally shown to be easy while the degree of discrimination is low. 2. Among the five subjects, Korean Language shows the highest rate of right answer (difficulty index) while English the strongest one in the discrimination index. 3. When comparing two types of test between the multiple choice and the short-answer, the latter seems to be powerful in both difficulty and discriminative. 4. The only one question of essay type test reveals clear limitations in scoring and evaluating students progress. 5. All items are constructed under the consideration of content-referenced base, not of the basis on behavioral aspect. 6. The analysis of issues and problems related to the Comprehensive Examination suggests that it is acceptable to test in terms of required subjects of general education and a few most basic subjects of major areas of study. 7. The examination can be functionally operated when it is held at the end of the first year of and before the beginning of the second year of the college years. The length of the examination is usally held from three to five hours. 8. Since the examination should be existed on the idea of criterion-referenced base rather than of norm-referenced one because of its testing the qualification of the entering behavior of students for the further study in their major field, the standard of the pass-and-failure should be set on at least 60 percent of correct answers in each subject. But there must be provided at least two additional opportunities for the make-up examination for those who failed in the first one. 9. A special committee must be established in order to deal with all the details related to the Comprehensive Examination.
식육에서 분리한 Enterobacteriaceae의 분포에 대하여
정영건,권오진 효성여자대학교 부설 한국환경위생연구소 1991 환경위생연구 Vol.1 No.1
경산지역 시판식육의 위생학적인 측도를 추구코저 112시료의 식육을 채취하여 205주의 En-terobacteriaceae를 분리하고 이중 특징적인 102주를 선별 동정하여 본 실험에 이용하였으며본 분리균들의 식육에서의 분포는 다음과 같았다. (1) 24주의 Proteus 중 21주는 돈육, 3주는 우육에서 유래 되었다. (2) 8주의 Klebsiella중 7주는 돈육, 1주는 우육에서 유래 되었다. (3) 14주의 Providencia rettgeri중 11주는 돈육, 3주는 우육에서 유래 되었다. (4) 1주의 Serratia, 2주의 Morganella morganii, 2주의 Enterobacter aerogenes 및 2주의 Yersi-nia는 돈육에서 유래되었다. (5) 28주의 E.coli 중 21주는 돈육, 7주는 우육에서 유래 되었다. (6) 20주의 미동정된 균중 14주는 돈육, 6주는 우육에서 유래 되었다. On the purpose to evaluate hygienic measurement for meat on themarket near Gyongsan province, 112 of meat samples were randomly taken forour tests and 205 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were recovered from them.Among 205 of isolates of Enterobacteriaceae typical 102 strains of them wereselected and used on this survey. Identified 102 strains of Enterobacteriaceae were originated from the meatsamples followed : (1) 24 strains of Proteus were recovered from the meat samples that 21 strainsof them were from porks and 3 strains of them were from beeves. (2) 8 strains of Klebsiella were recovered from the above same kinds of samplesthat 7 strains of them were from porks and 1 strain of them was from beef. (3) 14 strains of Providencia rettgeri were recovered from the above same kindsof samples that 11 strains of them were from porks and 3 strains of themwere from beeves. (4) 1 strain of Serratia, 2 strains of Providencia stuartii, 1 strain of Morganella morga-nii, 2 strains of Enterobacter aerogenes and 2 strains of Yersinia were recoveredfrom porks. (5) 28 strains of E. coli were recovered from the meat samples that 21 strainsof them were from porks and 7 strains of them were from beeves. (6) 20 strains Unidentified were recovered from the above same kinds of samplesthat 14 strains of them were from porks and 6 strains of them were frombeeves.
게르마니움화합물이 암세포 증식 및 림파구에 미치는 영향 : MOLT-4, L1210, Sarcoma180와 림파구에 대하여 MOLT-4, L1210 and Sarcoma180
정용자,성영기 慶星大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.17 No.4
I could take carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide from ASAI Germanium Institute. It was experimented in cytotoxicity on carcinoma cell : Sarcoma180,L1210 and Molt-4, and in mitogenecity of lymphocytes in vitro. in vitro WBC contents were observed by Wright's staining under microscope after injected it, and the spleen and tumor size were measured by weight. Molt-4 is a suspension culture derived from the peripheral blood of acute lymphoblastic leukemia patient. L1210 is lymphocytic mouse leukemia and grows in suspension cultures or spinner cultures. Sarcoma 180 was derived from Swiss Webster Sarcoma 180 ascites. These cell lines have been used extensively for routine screening programs of chemical agents and natural products for cytotoxicity activity. These are also utilized in preliminary testing for antitumor activity in cancer chemotherapy screening studies. In order to test in vivo cytotoxicity of germanium compound, BALB/C mice were used. Sarcoma 180 cells were harvested by brief treatment with trypsin-EDTA and then inoculated in abdominal cavities of mice by intraperitoneal transplantation of 2×?cell/mouse. Germanium-30 ㎕ or nomal saline were injected intraperitoneally once a day for 6 weeks. The survival of treated sarcoma mice and the growth of tumor were observed during 6 weeks. At sixth week, sarcoma mice were decapitated and tumors and spleens were weighted. Into each well (0.2ml capacity) of 10³, 5×10³,2×10⁴,?cells/well were inoculated at Day-0. After culture during various time interval, the absorbances measured by MTT. At Day-2 or Day-3 after culture, and 5×10³and 10⁴cells/well, we can take the appropriate value in L1210 and Molt-4. Sarcoma cells were show the lower value compared with the other cells(Fig 1,2,3) To estimate the effect of germanium compound as a mitogen to lymphocytes, the absorbance of human lymphocytes cultured in medium containing germanium compound for 3days was measured by MTT method. Germanium compound increased it significantly at the concentration of 10㎍ and 30㎍/ml. When germanium compound compared with concanavalin A, that has higher ability of mitogenecity than concanavalinA on human lymphocytes.(Fig.4,5) The direct cytotoxicity of germanium compound was estimated by comparing absorbaned to the control which was cultivated without germanium compound. Fig 6,7 show that the absorbances of Sarcoma 180, L1210 of MOLT-4 cultured in medium containing germanium compound was decreased dose-dependently. It means that germanium compound exhibits direct cytotoxicity. However in the case of Molt-4, the absorbance was lower than the other, respectively of administered dose. Following injection of germanium compound of 2mg/kg/day for 2 weeks, whole blood was obtained in vivo. the leukocytes stained with wright's staining solution compared with the control to be injected normal saline instead of germanium compound. As shown in table 1, there was increase in lymphocytes, basophils and monocytes. At long-term treatment, LMP% was increased a little, but the tumor weight decreased or increased on individuality.
사람 末梢血液 淋巴球의 分離와 그 LDH Isoenzyme에 關하여
鄭弘根,朴壽根,崔榮,金英國,金昇元 中央醫學社 1972 中央醫學 Vol.23 No.5
The present paper describes the result obtained with lymphocytes separated from the peri - pheral humam blood by the method of Kim et. al(1970) and the LDH isoenzyme pattern of lymphocytes after sonicating the cells, which showed binomial distribution of LDH1 through LDH5, showing 11, 26, 44, 14, and 5% of activities respectively, with 56.0% of the H-subunit.
社會主義 몰락의 經濟制度的 원인 : - 東獨과 北韓의 경우를 중심으로 - - Im Fall der DDR und des Nordkoreas -
丁榮燮 건국대학교 1993 學術誌 Vol.37 No.1
Der Staat DDR ist schon zusammengebrochen, und Nordkorea bemu¨ht sich mit allen Mitteln, sein sozialistisches System zu bewahren. In diesem Artikel werden die Ursachen untersucht, warum sich der reale Soaialismus nicht weiter entwickeln konnte. Zuerst werden die wirtschaftlichen Geschichte beider La¨nder kurz vorgestellt, und die Eigentumsverha¨ltnisse und die Betriebsformen in den Produktionsbereichen Landwirtschaft, Industrie und Binnenhandel untersucht und deren problematik ero¨rtert. Danach werden die Planungsverfahren in den realen und den moneta¨ren Bereichen der Wirtschaft kurz geschildert und in ihren Funktionsweisen bewertet. Theoretische und praktische Widerspru¨che und Fehlem sind erkennbar, die den realen Sozialismus daran hindern, sein Ziel zu erreichen.
鄭永敎 培材大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.4 No.-
"Das Friendensfest" ist das zweite Schauspiel Gerhart Hauptmanns, das gegen Ende des Jahres 1889 in Charottenburg entstand, und erschien im Jahre 1890. Ibsens "Gespenster" hat fur einige Motive das Vorbild abgegeben, daneben wirkt die "Familie Selicke" hinuber. Uber den ausserlichen AnlaB fur die Entstehung des Stuckes wissen wir, daB Hauptmann einen Bericht Frank Wedekinds uber die Schwierigkeiten in seiner Familie als Grundlage benutzt hat. Das war die echte gesellschaftiche Wahrheit der burgerlichen Familie seiner Zeit. Es ist die einfache Geschichte eines Arztes, des Dr. Scholz, der aus Ehrgeiz seine genze Familie zugrunde richtet. Damals glaubten die Leute, es handle sich um Fragen der Vererbung, der geistigen und sittlichen Dekadenz, um den Gegensatz einer alteren und einer jungeren Generation. Das Stuck tragt naturalistische Zuge, obschon es andersartige Struktur aufweist. Grundlage der Probleme, die sich in dem Drama entfalten, ist eine Ehe, die vom soziologischen Standpunkt unnaturlich, ungesund ist. In diesem Stuck setzt sich Hauptmann mit der Frage auseinander, wie weit der Mensch Produkt seiner Erbanlage und seiner Umwelt ist. Hauptmann gibt keine eindeutige Antwort auf die Frage, ob Wilhelm aus dem Teufelskreis von Ursache und Wirkung, Vererbung und Schicksal ausbrechen kann.
Gerhart Hauptmann의 희곡 "직조공"(Die Weber)에 관한 小考
鄭永敎 培材大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.7 No.-
"Die Weber" (1892) ist ein Drama, das einer der deutschen beruhmtesten Dichter Gerhart Hauptmann geschrieben hat. Durch dieses Drama hat er konsequenten Naturalismus auf die Hohepunkt erreicht. Er ist ohne Zweifel einer der umstrittensten deutschen Dichter der vergangenen funfzig, sechzig Jahre. Er hat "Die Weber" auf die neue Art uud Weise geschrieben und es im Jahre 1892 veroffentlicht. "Die Weber" gewinnen ein eigenes Gewicht, weil sie sich nicht mit einem begrenzten Figurenkreis begnugen, sondern die Katastorophe einer Menschengruppe, eines Berufsstandes darstellen. Als Drama hat es nicht einen Helden, sondern viele Menschen gegen vierzing Hauptpersonen. Und der Held ist hier "die Not", eigentlich das Volk in seinem hier vergeblichen Kampf gegen die Not. Daβ das Schicksal und Tun der Weber als Masse im Wirbel der groβen und kleinen Sachen im Gang sind, ist gar neue Form. "Die Weber" quellen von echtesten Leben uber. Darin konnen wir die Trauer und des Elend sehen, deshalb ist sein Drama ein schicksalhaftes Trauerspiel. Der Mensch ist ein Tier, das vor Hunger odor Liebe zu Taten der Verzweiflung getrieben, von bosen Menschen gequalt wird. Aber in seinem Drama zeigt sich der Tod eine Erlosung. Zu Hauptmann ist der Tod kein Tod, sondern eine Brucke zum Gott,d.h. einer Erlosung. Immer geben schlesischen Hauptmanns Werke tiefere Bedeutung hinter den Worten seines Werkes ein. Darum bedeutet des Alten Hilse Worte schon eine religiose Erlosung in den "Webern". Auch darin zeigt sich daβ sich Hauptmanns starkes Mitleid der Aemen als Erlosungs gedanke darstellt.