Ecological evaluation of water quality using freshwater microbial ommunity-PFU method

Yunfen Shen 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1992 環境硏究 Vol.9 No.-

Microbial communities were developed on the artificial substrate, polyurethane foam unit (PFU), at any sites of freshwater, including lakes, reservoirs, ponds, rivers and streams. It can be used to evaluate water quality by measuring the structural and functional parameters of the communities. In combination with the laboratory toxicity tests the PFU method can be also used to predict the toxicity of industrial waste water and chemicals, and to define the maximum allowable toxicity concentration (MATC) at the community level. In the past 10 years the PFU method has received continuous, modification, validation and application in many institutions, universities, and environmental monitoring stations at more than 10 provinces in China. The following progresses have been achieved; (1) biomonitoring of wastewater with heavy metals, insecticides (parathion, malathion, dimethaote and BHC), petroleum. thermal pollution from the electric power station and effluents from an space industry, chemical and steel plants, pesticide factories, oil refining works, dye factories, paper mills, printing and dying mills, petrochemical works and so on; (2) assessing of water system in Changde city; (3) evaluating of drinking water sources--the Yangtze River, 4 main revers in Wulin Mountains at the southwest of China; (4) prediction the effectiveness of environmental engineering projects; (5) estimating the MATC of chemicals heavy metals, detergent LAS (linear alkaline sulfonate) and rare earth elemeuts. The PFU method is valuable since it uses indigenous biota and site-specific material, tests a complex community and provides results mpidey, economically and accurately.

Single species and community microblota tests of toxicity of rare earths

Yunfen Shen,Manru Gu,Weison Fong,Tonggeng Cao 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1992 環境硏究 Vol.9 No.-

The toxicity of four kinds rare earth and rare earth fertilizer for Daphnia magna straus are in the order of Yb> Y> Ce> La> rare earth Fertilizer, and for Tetrahymena pyriformis BJ4 in the order of Y> Yb> Ce> La> rare earth Fertilizer. Toxicity test of static state microecosystem results shoued: The functional parameters including Protozoan colonization process (Seq.G.Tso%). The reistionship between Seq and natural logarithm of rare earth fertilizer concentration; cauld be described by the regression equation Seq=9.08-0.32 InC, (p>0.05). The effective concentrations (EC) were calculated from the equation and the EC5, EC20 were 3.042. 12.594 ppm respectively. When AF was 0.1 and 0.01 ppm at species levels, MATC was 1.392-0.1392ppm and 3.042-12.594 ppm at Community Microbiota population levels respeetively.

Metal Carbide-Carbon Eutectic and Peritectic Fixed Points as High-Temperature Standards

Naohiko Sasajima,Yoshiro Yamada,Yunfen Wang 제어로봇시스템학회 2006 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.10

Andrographolide induce human embryonic stem cell apoptosis by oxidative stress response

Huarong Huang,Huanhuan Cao,Chun Xing,Yunfen Hua,Ming Zhang,Lifang Jin 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2019 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.15 No.2

Backgrounds: The anti-inflammatory effect of andrographolide is widely accepted; however, its exact role in reproductive toxicity requires further elucidation. The embryonic stem cell test (EST) is a promising system for detecting the reproductive toxicity of drugs in vitro. In this study, we applied a prediction model to our EST data after classifying andrographolide according to published criteria. The possible mechanism of andrographolide reproductive toxicity was also studied. Methods: Reproductive toxicity of andrographolide was evaluated in vitro EST model and in vivo mouse model. Human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were cultured with different concentrations of andrographolide with or without N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Cell viability was assessed with MTT assay, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was measured with DCFH-DA assay. Gene and protein expression levels were measured with qRT-PCR and western-blot, respectively. Results: Results showed that andrographolide exhibited strong reproductive toxicity according to the prediction model of the EST and mouse studies. An increase in ROS levels, damage to mitochondrial membrane potential, and induction of caspase-3 were observed in the andrographolide-treated human ESCs. Scavenging of andrographolide-induced ROS by NAC blocked these activities. Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein and its target antioxidant genes were up-regulated after andrographolide treatment at certain concentrations. Furthermore, NAC treatment significantly increased the activity of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Conclusion: We demonstrated that andrographolide is a drug with strong reproductive toxicity, which resulted from ROS-mediated oxidative stress. In addition, the Nrf2 pathway appears to be involved in the NAC protection of human ESCs against andrographolide-induced cell apoptosis.

Contribution of Aboveground Litter Decomposition to Soil Respiration in a Subtropical Coniferous Plantation in Southern China

Yidong Wang,Huimin Wang,Zeqing Ma,Wuefa Wen,Qingkang Li,Yunfen Liu,Wiaomin Sun,Guirui Yu 한국기상학회 2009 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.45 No.2

Soil CO₂ efflux (RS) was monitored in a 23-year-old subtropical coniferous plantation in southern China from January 2004 to December 2006. Field measurements of RS with litterfall (CK) and without litterfall (NL) were conducted to evaluate the contribution of aboveground litter decomposition to RS. The results indicated that annual RS from CK ranged from 11.5 mg (C) m<SUP>-2</SUP>h<SUP>-1</SUP> in 2004 to 186.2 ㎎ (C) m<SUP>-2</SUP>h<SUP>-1</SUP> in 2006. The RS of NL was significantly lower than the RS of CK. RS was mainly determined by soil temperature (TS), but it was also affected by soil moisture. Together, both factors explained > 70%of the observed variations in RS. The temperature sensitivity (Q<SUB>10</SUB>) of RS from NLwas lower than that from CK by considering the soil moisture effect. On average, the annual RS of the coniferous plantation was estimated to be 669 g (C)m<SUP>-2</SUP>yr<SUP>-1</SUP> over the study period. The litterfall greatly enhanced the RS, and the respiration from aboveground litter accounted for about 33% of the total RS, in which the fresh litterfall decomposition accounted for a large proportion. The carbon pool of aboveground litter in this young conifer forest is expected to increase continuously.

Identification of genes involved in inbreeding depression of reproduction in Langshan chickens

Xue Qian,Li Guohui,Cao Yuxia,Yin Jianmei,Zhu Yunfen,Zhang Huiyong,Zhou Chenghao,Shen Haiyu,Dou Xinhong,Su Yijun,Wang Kehua,Zou Jianmin,Han Wei 아세아·태평양축산학회 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.6

Objective: Inbreeding depression of reproduction is a major concern in the conservation of native chicken genetic resources. Here, based on the successful development of strongly inbred (Sinb) and weakly inbred (Winb) Langshan chickens, we aimed to evaluate inbreeding effects on reproductive traits and identify candidate genes involved in inbreeding depression of reproduction in Langshan chickens. Methods: A two-sample t-test was performed to estimate the differences in phenotypic values of reproductive traits between Sinb and Winb chicken groups. Three healthy chickens with reproductive trait values around the group mean values were selected from each of the groups. Differences in ovarian and hypothalamus transcriptomes between the two groups of chickens were analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Results: The Sinb chicken group showed an obvious inbreeding depression in reproduction, especially for traits of age at the first egg and egg number at 300 days (p<0.01). Furthermore, 68 and 618 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in the hypothalamus and ovary between the two chicken groups, respectively. In the hypothalamus, DEGs were mainly enriched in the pathways related to vitamin metabolism, signal transduction and development of the reproductive system, such as the riboflavin metabolism, Wnt signaling pathway, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction and focal adhesion pathways, including stimulated by retinoic acid 6, serpin family F member 1, secreted frizzled related protein 2, Wnt family member 6, and frizzled class receptor 4 genes. In the ovary, DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways associated with basic metabolism, including amino acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycosaminoglycan degradation. A series of key DEGs involved in folate biosynthesis (gamma-glutamyl hydrolase, guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1), oocyte meiosis and ovarian function (cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1, structural maintenance of chromosomes 1B, and speedy/RINGO cell cycle regulator family member A), spermatogenesis and male fertility (prostaglandin D2 synthase 21 kDa), Mov10 RISC complex RNA helicase like 1, and deuterosome assembly protein 1) were identified, and these may play important roles in inbreeding depression in reproduction. Conclusion: The results improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying inbreeding depression in chicken reproduction and provide a theoretical basis for the conservation of species resources. Objective: Inbreeding depression of reproduction is a major concern in the conservation of native chicken genetic resources. Here, based on the successful development of strongly inbred (Sinb) and weakly inbred (Winb) Langshan chickens, we aimed to evaluate inbreeding effects on reproductive traits and identify candidate genes involved in inbreeding depression of reproduction in Langshan chickens.Methods: A two-sample t-test was performed to estimate the differences in phenotypic values of reproductive traits between Sinb and Winb chicken groups. Three healthy chickens with reproductive trait values around the group mean values were selected from each of the groups. Differences in ovarian and hypothalamus transcriptomes between the two groups of chickens were analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq).Results: The Sinb chicken group showed an obvious inbreeding depression in reproduction, especially for traits of age at the first egg and egg number at 300 days (p<0.01). Furthermore, 68 and 618 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in the hypothalamus and ovary between the two chicken groups, respectively. In the hypothalamus, DEGs were mainly enriched in the pathways related to vitamin metabolism, signal transduction and development of the reproductive system, such as the riboflavin metabolism, Wnt signaling pathway, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction and focal adhesion pathways, including stimulated by retinoic acid 6, serpin family F member 1, secreted frizzled related protein 2, Wnt family member 6, and frizzled class receptor 4 genes. In the ovary, DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways associated with basic metabolism, including amino acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycosaminoglycan degradation. A series of key DEGs involved in folate biosynthesis (gamma-glutamyl hydrolase, guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1), oocyte meiosis and ovarian function (cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1, structural maintenance of chromosomes 1B, and speedy/RINGO cell cycle regulator family member A), spermatogenesis and male fertility (prostaglandin D2 synthase 21 kDa), Mov10 RISC complex RNA helicase like 1, and deuterosome assembly protein 1) were identified, and these may play important roles in inbreeding depression in reproduction.Conclusion: The results improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying inbreeding depression in chicken reproduction and provide a theoretical basis for the conservation of species resources.