Army Soldiers’ Knowledge of, Attitude Towards, and Preventive Behavior Towards Tuberculosis in Korea

Yun Choi,Geum Hee Jeong 질병관리본부 2018 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.9 No.5

Objectives The aim of this study was to gather information about Korean Army soldiers’ attitude towards tuberculosis to enable the development of an informed educational program and potential intervention plans. Methods There were 500 male soldiers serving in the Korean Army who responded to questionnaires regarding knowledge of, attitudes towards, and preventive behavior towards tuberculosis. The questionnaires were collected between September 10 until October 1, 2014. Participants’ characteristic that influenced differences in knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behavior towards tuberculosis were compared by t test. Variables that influenced preventive behavior were identified by multiple regression analysis. Results The mean scores assessing knowledge of, attitude, and preventive behavior towards tuberculosis were 11.64 (± 4.03) out of 20 points, 3.21 (± 0.38) out of 4 points, and 2.88 (± 0.42) out of 4 points, respectively. Non-smokers were more knowledgeable about tuberculosis than smokers. Participants who had family or friends with tuberculosis had better knowledge and a more productive attitude to tuberculosis. Participants who were educated or obtained information about tuberculosis, received better scores in all areas of knowledge, attitude and preventive behavior compared to other participants. Non-smoking, family or friends who have had tuberculosis, obtaining information about tuberculosis, and positive attitudes towards treatment and preventive education had an explanatory power of 24.6% with regard to preventive behavior against tuberculosis. Conclusion More relatable, systemized education should be provided regularly to improve soldiers’ knowledge of, attitudes towards, and prevention against tuberculosis in the Republic of Korea Army.

Esters of Substituted Benzoic Acids as Anti-thrombotic Agents

Yunchoi, Hye-Sook,Kim, Monn-Hee,Jung, Ki-Hwa The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1996 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.19 No.1

Aliphatic esters of protocatechuic acid (PA, 1), vanillic acid (VA, 9) and gallic acid (GA, 18) were prepared and their anti-thrombotic effects were evaluated in the mouse model of thrombosis. The aliphatic groups included methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, n-amyl and cyclohexyl. n-Amyl ester of PA (7), i-propyl and cyclohexyl esters of VA (13 and 17 respectively) and ethyl ester of GA (20) treatment significantly lowered the death rate and increased the recovery from paralysis due to the thrombotic challenge. From the limited analogs available, it was tentatively concluded that the structural conformation, where carboxy oxygen (=O or -O) of the carboxyl group (COOH) at $C_1$ and the oxygen function at $C_3(either\; OH\; or\; OCH_3)$ are closely situated, is favorable for the esters of PA, VA and GA to be more antithrombotic.

Cirsiumaldehyde from Gastrodia elata

YunChoi, Hye-Sook,Pyo, Mi-Kyung,Park, Kyung-Mi The Korean Society of Pharmacognosy 1997 Natural Product Sciences Vol.3 No.2

In the course of continous work on tubers of Gastrodia elata, a new constituent was isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction prepared from the methanol extract. The structure of the compound was identified as ${\alpha},{\alpha}'-[bis-2-(5-carboxaldehydo)furanyl]-dimethyl$ ether from the elemental analytical and spectroscopic data. This compound was once isolated from Cirsium chlorolepis and named as cirsiumaldehyde. This is the first furan type compound isolated from Gastrodia elata.

High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analyses of Higenamine Enantiomers in Aconite Roots

Chung, Kyo-Soon,YunChoi, Hye-Sook,Hahn, Young-Hee The Korean Society of Pharmacognosy 2000 Natural Product Sciences Vol.6 No.1

The enantiomers of higenamine were directly separated by high performance liquid chromatography using a chiral stationary phase and detected by UV. The R- and S-isomers of higenamine were eluted at the retention time of 22 min and 27 min, respectively. Higenamine was determined to be present as R-(+)-enantiomer not only in the embryo of Nelumbo nucifera, from which the separation of R-(+)-higenamine was reported, but also in various Aconite roots, from which higenamine was separated as optically inert racemic mixtures.

Anti-platelet Effects of Flavonoids and Flavonoid-glycosides from Sophora japonica

Kim, Jeong-Mi,YunChoi, Hye-Sook 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.7

A methanol extract of Sophora japonica was subjected to anti-platelet activity guided fractionation affording the isolation of four flavonoids and six flavonoid-glycosides: biochanin A (1), irisolidone (2), genistein (3), sissotrin (4), sophorabioside (5), genistin (6), tectoridin (7), apigenin (8), quercitrin (9), and rutin (10). The structure of each compound was determined by a variety of spectroscopic methods. Among the compounds, 1, 3, and 7 showed ${\sim}2.5-6.5$ fold greater inhibitory effects on arachidonic acid (AA) and U46619 induced platelet aggregation ($IC_{50}$: 19.9 and $99.8\;{\mu}M$; 20.3 and $53.8\;{\mu}M$; 25.9 and $123.4\;{\mu}M$, respectively) than acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, $IC_{50}$: 63.0 and $350.0\;{\mu}M$). Compound 2 was an ${\sim}22-40$ fold stronger inhibitor than ASA on AA and U46619 induced aggregation ($IC_{50}$: 1.6 and $15.6\;{\mu}M$, respectively).

Antiinflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Higenamine, a Component of Aconiti Tuber

Shin, Kuk-Hyun,YunChoi, Hye-Sook,Chung, Ha-Sook,Koo, Kyung-Ah,Kim, Deuk-Joon The Korean Society of Pharmacognosy 1996 Natural Product Sciences Vol.2 No.1

The antiinflammatory and analgesic activities of higenamine were evaluated by measuring edema volume and pain threshold in adjuvant arthritic rats and acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice. Higenamine, with consecutive oral administrations at doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg/day, showed significant antiedemic effect and elevation of pain threshold during the secondary lesion of adjuvant arthritis. Higenamine also showed a significant inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing syndrome with a single oral administration (200 mg/kg). From these results, it is postulated that higenamine might possess both of centrally and peripherally mediated analgesic properties.

Anti-Platelet Effect of the Constituents Isolated from the Barks and Fruits of Magnolia obovata

Pyo, Mi-Kyung,Lee, Yong-Yook,Yunchoi, Hye-Sook The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2002 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.25 No.3

In the course of our work on anti-platelet constituents from plants, five phenolic compounds, magnolol, honokiol, obovatol, methyl caffeate, and syringin, were isolated from the methanol extracts of the barks and fruits of Magnolia obovata. The compounds were identified based on the spectroscopic data. Methyl caffeate was isolated for the first time from the genus Magnolia and it showed 3∼4-folds higher potency than ASA. The activities of obovatol and honokiol were comparable to ASA. Magnolol and syringin showed only very mild inhibitory effects to all the stimulators.

HPLC 및 GC/MSD를 이용한 식물 중의 Higenamine 함량 분석

윤혜숙,서영배,한영희,송윤선,류재천,정교순,YunChoi, Hye-Sook,Suh, Young-Bae,Hahn, Young-Hee,Song, Yun-Seon,Ryu, Jae-Chun,Chung, Kyo-Soon 한국생약학회 1998 생약학회지 Vol.29 No.2

Higenamine is known as a cardiotonic principle of Aconiti tuber. The analytical procedures were established for the detection of higenamine in plants. The amounts of higenamine in several Aconiti tubers and the embryo of Nelumbo nucifera, another plant species known to contain higenamine, were determined. The $H_2O$ soluble fraction prepared from MeOH extract was first treated with AD-2 resin and then applied to either HPLC or GC/MSD systems. With HPLC, $6.4{\sim}19.2\;{\mu}g/g$ of higenamine were detected from various Aconiti tubers and $182.3\;{\mu}g/g$ of higenamine from the embryo of Nelumbo nucifera. The results obtained with GC/MSD also provided comparable data with those obtained with HPLC.

Inhibition of Ribonucleic Acid Biosynthesis in Leukemia SN 36 Cells in vitro by Aucubin

장일무,박영춘,윤혜숙,Chang, Il-Moo,Park, Young-Choon,YunChoi, Hye-Sook 생화학분자생물학회 1982 한국생화학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Aucubin, an iridoid gludoside, was isolated from Aucuba japonica(Cornaeae). One of biological activities of aucubin was found to inhibit RNA biosynthesis in leukemia SN 36 tumor cells in vitro. Aucubin appeared not to possess antitumor activities against leukemia SN 36 murine tumor. The combination therapy with aucubin plus actinomycin D did not show any significant additive or synergistic antitumor activities in comparison with that of actinomycin D alone treatment. Iridoid glucoside인 aucubin을 식나무, Aucuba japonica(Cornaceae)로 부터 순수분리하였다. 이 물질의 약리작용을 밝히기 위하여 동물암 세포인 leukemia SN 36 세포의 RNA 생합성에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 농도 0.5 mM 및 1.0 mM에서 각각 30% 및 46% 정도의 RNA 생합성 억제작용을 aucubin은 갖고 있음을 알 수 있었다. Aucubin 자체는 동물암인 leukemia SN 36에 큰 항암작용을 나타내지는 못하였고, Actinomycin D와 병용투여시에도 additive 또는 synergistic 효과 역시 나타내지는 않았다.

THI 52 Inhibits Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression in RAW 264.7 Cells and Rat Lung Tissue by Lipopolysaccharide

Lee, Bog-Kyu,Park, Min-Kyu,Seo, Han-Geuk,YunChoi, Hye-Sook,Lee, Duck-Hyung,Chang, Ki-Churl The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2001 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.5 No.5

Previously we reported that THI 52 inhibits tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ mRNA expression in mouse peritoneal macrophages exposed to LPS plus $IFN-{\gamma}.$ In the present study, the effects of THI 52 on vascular reactivity ex vivo, and iNOS protein expression (rat lung) were investigated in LPS-treated rats. Treatment of THI 52 concentration-dependently reduced not only serum nitrite production but also the expression of iNOS protein in rat lung tissues. Thoracic aorta taken from LPS injected rat for 8 h ex vivo resulted in suppression of vasoconstrictor effects to phenylephrine (PE), which was restored by THI 52 (20 mg/kg) 30 min prior to LPS. When measured iNOS activity, treatment of THI 52 concentration-dependently reduced the enzyme activity in RAW 264.7 cells activated with LPS plus $IFN-{\gamma}.$ Likewise, iNOS activity was significantly reduced in lung tissues taken those rats that were injected THI 52 prior to LPS injection compared with LPS injection alone. These results strongly suggest that THI 52 can suppress iNOS gene expression induced by LPS, and restore the vascular contractility to PE. Thus, THI 52, a new synthetic isoquinoline alkaloid, may be beneficial in inflammatory disorders where production of NO is excessed by iNOS expression.