FC 1-4 : A survey of attitudes, knowledge, and behavior regarding sun exposure and sunscreen use

( Sih Yeok Jang ),( Hyeong Ho Ryu ),( Eun Jung Hwang ),( Hyun Sun Park ),( So Yun Cho ),( Hyun Sun Yoon ) 대한피부과학회 2013 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.65 No.2

Background: Although sunscreen is used as a primary strategy to prevent sunburn, photoaging and skin cancer, only a few people regularly use sunscreen. Objectives: To investigate the awareness of effects of sunlight, the extent of sun exposure, and the behaviors about sunscreen uses in Korean. Methods: A questionnaire was administered 255 adult patients visited Dermatology Department at Seoul National University Boramae Hospital. It included questions about the awareness of benefit or harm of sunlight, perceived and actual extent of sun exposure, the use of sun-protective methods including sunscreen. Results: Sun exposure was chosen as the major cause of dyschromia (61.2%), skin cancer (62.8%) and wrinkle (28.6%). Respondents were likely to underestimate the extent of sun exposure. On average, quite a few respondents stated that they were exposed to sunlight more than one hour per day (23.1% on weekdays, 53.4% on weekends). But, only 8.7% thought that their sun exposures were problematic and 62.2% of respondents considered moderate sunlight exposure good for health. People`s sun protective behaviors were inadequate: only 30.8% used sunscreen regularly; 18.4% have never used sunscreen. SPF was the most important factor choosing sunscreen and 86.0% used sunscreen labeled SPF over 30. In contrast, only 40.3% used PA+++ sunscreen. Conclusion: Despite a fairly good knowledge about harmful effects of sunlight, people underestimated the risks of their sun exposure and behaviors were suboptimal.

한국인에서 일광노출과 자외선차단제에 대한 인식과 사용 행태 연구

장시혁 ( Si Hyeok Jang ),박현선 ( Hyun Sun Park ),조소연 ( So Yun Cho ),윤현선 ( Hyun Sun Yoon ) 대한피부과학회 2015 대한피부과학회지 Vol.53 No.1

Background: Although sunscreen is used as a primary strategy for the prevention of sunburn, photoaging, and skincancer, few people regularly use sunscreen. Objective: To investigate awareness regarding the effects of sunlight, the extent of sun exposure, and sunscreen usebehaviors in Korean subjects. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 467 adult patients who visited the Dermatology Department at SeoulNational University Boramae Hospital. The questionnaire covered demographic characteristics, causes of wrinkles,sunspots, and skin cancer, awareness of the harmful effects of sun exposure, perceived and actual extent of sunexposure, and the use of sun-protective methods including sunscreen. Results: Sun exposure was selected as the major cause of age spots (60.6%), skin cancer (60.9%), and wrinkles(25.9%). Respondents were likely to underestimate the extent of sun exposure. On average, quite a few respondentsstated that they were exposed to sunlight for more than one hour per day (22.7% on weekdays, 52.4% onweekends). However, only 9.4% of respondents thought that their sun exposure was problematic and 62.7% ofrespondents considered moderate sunlight exposure healthy. Respondents`` sun-protective behaviors were inadequate:only 29.8% used sunscreen regularly, and 16.5% have never used sunscreen. SPF was the most important factor inchoosing sunscreen, and 83.3% used a sunscreen with a labeled SPF over 30. By contrast, only 34.6% ofrespondents used PA+++ sunscreen. Conclusion: Despite fairly good knowledge regarding the harmful effects of sunlight, subjects underestimated therisks of their sun exposure and sun-protective behaviors were suboptimal. Education on the risk of UV exposure andeffects of sunscreen is still needed. (Korean J Dermatol 2015;53(1):16∼22)

루이 14세의 궁정 축제와 태양-왕 신화 만들기: 카루젤(1662)과 베르사유의 대축제 (1664, 1668, 1674)

윤선자 ( Yun Sun Ja ) 고려대학교 역사연구소(구 역사학연구회) 2016 사총 Vol.89 No.-

루이 14세는 귀족 길들이기 수단으로 궁정 축제를 이용했다. 그리고 그 축제들을 통해 그의 통치 이데올로기, 태양-왕 신화를 만들었다. 1662년 카루젤(carrouels)에서 의복, 색, 명구를 통해 태양 중심적인 우주관과 그의 질서정연한 정치질서를 등치시켰다. 1664년의 궁정 축제,‘마법의 섬의 쾌락(Les Plaisirs de l`lle enchantee)’에서 궁정 발레를 통해 우주의 중심으로서의 태양을 표현했다. 1668년 ‘왕의 대 오락(Grand divertissement royal)’에서 왕의 위대함을 찬양하는 코미디-발레가 처음으로 등장했다. 1674년 궁정 축제에서는 불꽃놀이의 빛과 어둠이 효과를 극대화시켜 태양 왕의 위대함을 강조했다. 루이 14세는 이 4개의 축제를 통해 태양-왕 신화를 만들었다. 그의 축제의 우주관이 이교적 기원을 가지든 과학적 기원을 가지든 분명한 것은, 루이가 자신의 정치 질서를 정당화시키기 위해 지속적으로 우주의 자연 질서를 환기시키고 있다는 것이다. 우주의 위계적 질서를 내세워 사회의 신분적 위계, 무엇보다 자신과 귀족들 사이의 위계질서를 강조했다. 루이가 이처럼 사회적, 정치적 질서의 근거를 우주와 자연의 질서에서 찾은 이유는, 그럴 경우에만 자신이 추구한 질서의 보편성, 이론의 여지없는 절대성을 보장받을 수 있었기 때문이었다. 이런 점에서 루이 14세의 궁정 축제를 ‘17세기의 네가라’, 그의 베르사유 궁전을 ‘17세기 네가라(NEGARA)’라고 부를 수 있을 것이다. Louis XIV used the festivals to reform and tame the aristocrat. He made the myth of Sun-King, his ideology through those festivals. Especially the carrousel(1662) and the court festivals of Versailles(1664, 1668, 1674) are very important. He represented the heliocentricism as his well-ordering policy through the clothes, colors and the devices of the carrousel in 1662. He represented the center of the universe through the court ballet in ‘Les Plaisirs de l``Ile enchantee’ in 1664. He used the comedy-ballet to exalt the greatness of Louis XIV in 1668. In 1674, he represented his greatness through the contrast of light and darkness in the firework. Louis XIV made the myth of Sun-King through these four festivals. It is confident for Louis XIV to call the natural order of the universe for the justification of his rule, whether paganism or heliocentrism. He overemphasized the order of social status, especially the order of the aristocrat and the king through these world view. Because the world view only guaranteed the universality and eternity of his rule. In this sense, we can consider his festivals as ‘NEGARA in 17 century’.

A survey of knowledge and behavior regarding skin cancer.

( Young Bin Shin ),( Jeong Won Jo ),( Hae Bong Jeong ),( Yun Sun Moon ),( Do Seon Jeong ),( Chi Yeon Kim ),( Tae Jin Yoon ) 대한피부과학회 2017 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.69 No.2

Background: The recognition of prevention and early detection of skin cancer has been increased more than before. Although skin cancer is not rare, most patients are little known about general awareness of skin cancer. Objectives: In this study, we survey the awareness and knowledge of skin cancer and sun protection behavior among South-Gyeongnam province. Methods: We reviewed a written questionnaire and patients’ self-checked records including patients’ basic medical information and knowledge of skin cancer protective modalities. Results: In total 284 subjects (94.7%(284/300), 67%(190/284) females, mean age 57.4 years) completed the survey. Most people (77.5%, 220/284) knew that the sun was most dangerous for their skin but relatively large portion of them (42.7%, 94/220) had no action to protective attitude like sun screen, large hat and gloves. Conclusion: The results show that many participants had known necessity of skin cancer prevention and importance of early detection, but didn’t have had any protective action. Therefore, a more effective skin cancer education and prevention program is needed. We suggest that the measurement of effects of a multimodal educational intervention on knowledge of sun protection practices and engagement in self sun-protection behaviors also need to be check.

Case Reports : Basal Cell Carcinoma on the Pubic Area: Report of a Case and Review of 19 Korean Cases of BCC from Non-sun-exposed Areas

( Jin Park ),( Yong Sun Cho ),( Ki Hun Song ),( Jong Sun Lee ),( Seok Kweon Yun ),( Han Uk Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2011 Annals of Dermatology Vol.23 No.3

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignant skin tumors and develops characteristically on sun-exposed areas, such as the head and neck. Ultraviolet light exposure is an important etiologic factor in BCCs, and BCCs arising from non-sun- exposed areas are, therefore, very rare. In particular, the axilla, nipple, the genital and perianal areas are not likely to be exposed to ultraviolet light; thus, if BCC develops in these areas, other predisposing factors should be considered. Herein, we report a case of BCC arising on the pubic area in a 70-year-old man. We also performed a survey of the literature and discussed the 19 cases of BCC from non-sun-exposed areas reported to date in Korea.

제2형 당뇨병 환자에서 체내 총항산화능 측정의 의의

윤여일,윤석기,김선규,김용현,남일송,차건영,황의원,김영선 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.2

Background: The diabetic patients are at significantly increased risk of developing vascular disease. It's etiology may involve oxidative damage by free radiacals and protection againse such damage can be offered by antioxidants. We investigated that oxidative stress as assessed by measurement of total antioxidant status may play a role in development of diabetes mellitus. Method: We measured total antioxiant status using merchandised kit, glycated hemeglobin(HbA1c) in 46 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 50 healthy matched control subjects. Result: The total antioxidant status(TAS) was 2.10(±0.04) mmol/L in uncontrolled type 2 DM patients, 2.60(±0.03) in controlled type 2 DM patients and 2.70(±0.16) in healthy control subjects. TAS was significantly lower(P<0.05) in uncontrolled type 2 DM patients, but no significant association between in controlled type 2 DM patients and healthy control subjects. The TAS was 2.00(±0.17) mmol/L in complicated type 2 DM patients and 2.10(±0.29) uncomplicated type 2 DM patients. There was no significant associations between complicated type 2 DM patients and uncomplicated type 2 DM patients. Conclusion: Poor glycemic control is associated with reduced TAS in type 2 DM patients. TAS was thought indirect index that predict glycemic control of type 2 DM patients.

변색 실활치에 대한 carbamide peroxide gel의 표백효과

박선아,김선호,황윤찬,오병주,윤창,박영준,정선와,황인남,오원만 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.4

The bleaching of discolored nonvital teeth is conservative treatement that satisfy the cosmetic desire. The most common method for this treatement, walking bleaching, is using 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate. Many alternatives are suggested for preventing the external cervical root resorption that is the common complication of the nonvital teeth bleaching with 30% hydrogen peroxide. The same extent of oxidation reactions as that resulted by the bleaching with the application of 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate can also be acquired more safely by materials that contain 10% carbamide peroxide, used primarily for the bleaching of vital teeth. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of 10% and 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel in nonvatal teeth bleaching. The internal bleaching of intentionally discolored teeth was performed in vitro with 10% carbamide peroxide (Group 1), 15% carbamide peroxide (Group 2), mixture of distilled water and sodium perborate (Group 3), and mixture of 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate (Group 4). The bleaching materials were refreshed following 3, 6, 9 and 12 days. To evaluate the bleaching effect, the color change of the crowns was measured at 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 15 days of bleaching using the colorimeter. The results were as follows : 1. L^* and ΔE^* values were increased with time in all bleaching agents(p<0.01). 2. There was no significant difference in L^* and ΔE^* value among bleaching agents. 3. Δ^* value higher than 3 was shown after 3 days of bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide gel, 1 day with 15% carbamide peroxide gel, 4 days with mixture sodium perborate and distilled water and 4 days with mixture sodium perborate and 30% hydrogen peroxide, respectively. These results revealed that the use of 10% and 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel in non-vital teeth bleaching is as effective as mixture of distilled water and sodium perborate and mixture of 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate. Accordingly, carbamide peroxide could be used clinically to bleach discolored non-vital teeth.

초피나무 열매 추출물의 COP1 및 PPAR-α 조절을 통한 자외선에 대한 피부 보호 효과

김윤선 ( Yun-sun Kim ),김유미 ( Yumi Kim ),이상화 ( Sanghwa Lee ) 대한화장품학회 2016 대한화장품학회지 Vol.42 No.4

자외선은 피부 노화를 가속화하여 피부 광노화를 유발하고, 일광 화상, 피부암 등을 유발한다. 자외선 차단제를 사용하더라도 일부 자외선에 의하여 피부 손상은 유발될 수 있기 때문에 자외선에 대한 피부 자체의 방어력을 올려주는 것이 필요하다. 최근, 식물에서 자외선 보호 기능을 하는 것으로 알려진 COP1이 사람의 피부에서도 자외선에 대한 반응들을 조절한다고 새롭게 밝혀졌다. 본 연구에서는, COP1과 그의 결합 단백질 DET1이 사람 피부의 각질형성세포에서 자외선에 대한 시그날 조절 물질인 c-Jun 단백질 양을 조절하는 것을 확인하였다. 자외선에 노출 시 COP1과 DET1 발현이 감소하였고, 그 영향으로 c-Jun 단백질이 증가하였다. 반대로 COP1과 DET1을 발현하는 DNA를 transfection 시켜줄 경우 c-Jun 단백질 양이 감소하였다. 피부 각질형성 세포에서 COP1과 DET1의 발현을 조절할 수 있는 물질을 탐색한 결과, 초피나무 열매 추출물이 COP1과 DET1의 발현을 증가시켜 주었다. 초피나무 열매 추출물은 c-Jun 시그날에 의해서도 조절되는 MMP1이 자외선에 의해 유도되는 것을 억제하였다. 뿐만 아니라, 초피나무 열매 추출물 PPAR-α 활성이 있어 장벽강화를 통한 피부 보호 효과가 있는데, 자외선에 의하여 염증 유발 물질인 IL-6와 IL-8의 발현이 증가하는 것도 억제하였다. 사람의 팔에 자외선을 쪼여 준 경우에도 초피나무 열매 추출물이 홍반이 생기는 것을 억제하고 홍반에 의한 색소침착도 억제하였다. 종합적으로, 초피나무 열매 추출물은 다양한 메카니즘을 통하여 자외선으로부터 피부를 보호해 줄 것으로 기대된다. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation from the sun is the primary environmental factor that causes skin damages including skin cancer and premature skin aging. Because, even the most powerful sunscreen can’t always afford enough protection, it is necessary to enhance the defensive power of skin against UV. Recently, constitutive photomorphogenic protein-1 (COP1) has shown to contribute to the regulation of UVB response of keratinocytes. In this study, we represent that COP1 and its associated protein, de-etiolated 1 (DET1), might participate in photoaging process in human skin as Arabidopsis COP1 does sun-protective function in plants. After UVB irradiation, the decrease of COP1 and DET1 mRNA expression was followed by the increase of c-Jun total protein. Moreover, transfection with DNA vectors expressing COP1 and DET1 down-regulated the c-Jun total protein. We found that Zanthoxylum piperitum extract (ZE) up-regulated the expression of COP1 and DET1 on human keratinocytes, and inhibited the expression of MMP1 which is one of the genes regulated by c-Jun signal. In addition, ZE has been reported to stimulate PPAR-α and strengthen the skin barrier. We found that ZE decreased the UVB-induced IL-6 and IL-8 in NHEK cells. In human study, ZE protected skin against UV-B induced erythema and erythema-induced pigmentation. These results indicate that ZE could be useful for the protection against the adverse effects of UV irradiation through various mechanisms.

사료와 문학으로 구현된 유배자 유섬이(柳暹伊, 1793~1863)

김윤선(Kim, Yun-Sun) 한국교회사연구소 2017 敎會史硏究 Vol.0 No.50

본고는 신유박해의 유배자였던 유섬이(柳暹伊)에 대한 연구이다. 유섬이는 유항검(柳恒儉) 아우구스티노(1756~1801)의 딸로 9세의 나이에 거제도로 유배를 간 인물이다. 본고에서는 〈이순이 루갈다 서간〉, 《조선 주요 순교자 약전》, 《한국천주교회사》, 《사학징의》, 《승정원일기》,《동국교우상교황서》와 《사헌유집》, 〈유처자묘〉, 〈처녀의 향수〉, 마지막으로 《순교자의 딸 유섬이》 등 유섬이 관련 사료와 작품을 연구 대상으로 하였다. 유섬이 관련 문헌 자료는 교회 문헌과 그 외의 한국사 문헌, 사료와 문학 작품이 함께 존재한다. 때문에 유섬이 관련 연구는 이들 자료들에 대한 통합적 연구에서 시작되어야 한다. 유섬이는 실존 인물이기도 하지만, 문학적 인물이기도 하다. 한국 천주교회의 인물이기도 하지만, 교회 밖 인물로도 살아야 했다. 신유박해의 희생자였으나, 교회 역사에서 이름까지도 사라졌던 유섬이의 삶을 추적함으로써 본고는 순교자와는 다른 방식으로 인간의 존재론적 물음에 답했던 유섬이라는 인물에게 주목하였다. 또한 역사적 인물 유섬이와 문학적 인물 유섬이를 구분하여, 유섬이라는 인물이 문학을 통해 어떻게 형상화되었으며 앞으로 어떻게 계승되어야 하는가에 대해 논하였다. 천주교 신앙 때문에 부모는 순교하고 자신은 유배자가 되어 관비로 살아야 했던 유섬이. 그녀는 정결함으로 노비가 아닌 인간으로서의 자존을 지킬 수 있었고, 이웃 사랑으로 지역 공동체와 함께할 수 있었다. 박해는 신앙의 순교자들을 낳았지만, 그 순교자들과 함께 순교할 수 없었던 유가족들 그리고 박해 앞에서 신앙을 굽혀야 했던 배교자 역시 낳았다. 한국 천주교회사는 그들의 역사와 함께 기록되어야 한다. 유섬이 역시 그중 하나이다. 유섬이 관련 사료와 문학작품을 고찰함으로써 천주교 유배문학의 가능성을 가늠할 수 있었던 것 역시 본고의 의의중 하나다. 유섬이는 교회가 기억해야 할 인물이며, 조선 천주교가 낳은 새로운 인간형의 하나였다. 동정을 지킴으로써 신앙을 이어가고, 이웃 사랑으로 이를 완성하여 200여 년의 시간을 거쳐 다시 교회 공동체로 돌아올 수 있었던 인물, 그녀가 유섬이이다. This article is the research of Yu Seom-i that was exiled during Catholic Persecution of 1801. Yu Seom-i was a daughter of Yu Hang-geum, Augustino (1756~1801) that was exiled to Geojedo. This article studied historical records and works related with Yu Seom-i, such as “The letters from prison written by Lutgard, Lee Sun-i”, A biographical sketch of the Joseon martyr, The history of Korean Catholic Church, Sahak Jingui, DongGuk kyou SangKyoHwangseo, Saheon Yujip, “RyucheoJamyo”, “Perfume of Virgin” and Yu Seom-i, a daughter of a marytr. Literature data related with Yu Seom-i exists with church document, including Korean history and literature works. So we have to start from unifying data, for the study of Yu Seom-i. Yu Seom-i was a real person ; also was a literal person. She was a person who belonged to Korean Catholic Church, also needed to live outside the church. She was a victim of oppression, but her name was disappeared even from Church history, so this paper persuaded her life, and then focused on her who responded to ontological question with different way from the martyrs. In addition, we divided her into a historical figure and literary person, and discussed how her character was embodied through literature and how it has to be continued in future. Yu Seom-i who had to live as a maidservant of the government treated like a slave during an exile and her parents was martyred due to Catholicism. She, however, could keep self-respect as a human and she could be a human through loving neighbor. Oppression produced the martyrs of faith, also left their family behind, which couldn’t be martyred with them and became the apostates. The history of Korean Church is needed to record with their history. Yu Seom-i is one of them. It can be said that this article contributed to estimate the possibility of exile literature of Catholic, considering history data and the literary works related with Yu Seom-i. Yu Seom-i was the person that the church needs to remember, and was a new human made by Joseon Catholic Church. As she kept her virginity, she could keep her faith, and her faith was completed by loving neighbor, and then she could return to the church in 200 years, she is Yu Seom-i.

백서에서 Depulpin®과 Formocresol에 대한 치수와 치근단 조직의 반응

문형인,김선호,황윤찬,오병주,황인남,김선헌,정선와,윤창,오원만 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.4

One fifth dilution of formocresol is usually for pulpotomy of the primary teeth and emergency pulpotomy of the permanent teeth. However, the use of formaldehyde has been subjected to criticism because it may be absorbed into the blood stream and become distributed systemically, it may also alter the pulp tissue rendering it immumologically active, and have carcinogenic potential. Recently Depulpin®(VoCo., Germany) gains popularity as a devitalizing agent during root canal therapy in spite of high concentration of 49% paraformaldehyde because it facilitate devitalization of pulp and make root canal therapy easier. But there have been not enough publications about the reaction of pulp and periapical tissue caused by Depulpin. This study was performed to evaluate the histological changes in pulp and periapical tissue of rats after pulpotomy using formocresol and Depulpin and to elucidate the toxic effects of these agents. Thirty six Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of ketamine. Maxillary first molar teeth were used for pulpotomy with formocresol and Depulpin. Rats were sacrificed after 2 days, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks respectively. Specimens were histologically observed by light microscope changes in pulp and periapical tissue. The obtained results were as follows. 1. Formocresol group A zone of fixed tissue, in which odontoblasts could clearly be defined, was present directly underneath the pulpotomy dressing in almost all teeth of this group. This was followed by an area of necrotic tissue which resembled dried out fibrous tissue with no cellular detail except some pyknotic nuclei. In the specimens of after 2 days, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks in which vital tissue was present. it was separated from the fibrous area by a zone of inflammation. In the specimens of after 3 weeks and after 4 weeks, inflammatory infiltrate was in the periodontal ligament adjacent to the apical foramina of the teeth. 2. Depulpin® group The area of necrotic tissue which had no cells and fibers , was present adjacent to the dressing. This was followed by dried out fibrous tissue with no cellular details except some pyknotic nucleli. A short stump of vital pulp with odontoblasts was present at the end of the canal after 2 days. Inflammatory infiltrate was in the periodontal ligament after 4 days and after 1week. Severe root resorption and necrosis of periapical tissue opposite the root resorption site were defined after 2 weeks and after 3 weeks. Periapical lesion which consist of necrotic tissue surrounded by a fibrous connective wall. was found after 4 weeks. The results indicated that Depulpin can cause more adverse reaction to the dental pulp and periapical tissue than formocresol, and further studies are needed for its clinical use with safety.