茶聖 陸羽의 學問과 儒學思想 : 『茶經』 중심으로

쨩유화(姜育發 Yu-Fa Chiang) 한국차학회 2003 한국차학회지 Vol.9 No.2

A writer creats things by his heart dealing with reality. The contents of his work depend on the circumstances in which he is, which often can change the way he expresses himself. Heart and reality, however, sometimes meet disagreement on ideology and so do they on experience. Therefore if the writer is able to harmonize all these four elements: heart and reality, ideology and experience in his writing, the work must become as good as creation can be. For Lu Yu(陵羽, 733-804), who will be introduced from now, it is not an exception. Lu Yu, also named Tea Saint(茶聖), made a great contribution towards the development of tea culture worldwide. Especially his 『Tea Classic, 茶經』, the very first book on tea in the world as well as in the ancient Chinese tea history, is one of the fundamental guide books and the bible for Tea Cult(茶道) that must be read by those studying tea. As an orphan, Lu Yu grew to be worshiped as Tea God(茶神) later. From his achievements of life, we know that he had his own theory and was a literary man who had devoted his life to seeking after truth. Particularly one remarkable achievement is his effort to stick to his standpoint with the spirit of Confucianism during the age of ups and downs in those days. Confucianism that emphasizes on human relations is named Confucious Capitalism by modern capitalism. Confucianism was also considered as a driving force for the radical economic development in a group of confucious countries of the Orient. They say 21st century is a century of culture. This is because the origin of the Oriental culture, Confucianism, is a product and national power as well. Competitive power among countries is significant in that it can be cultivated by surpassing other nations not only in science and technology but also in spiritual culture while maintaining one's own culture and life style. As an effort to achieve this goal, this manuscript goes over Lu Yu 『Tea Classic, 茶經』, the bible for tea, and his poetries and analyzes Confucianism on which he particularly concentrated his energies. In this manuscript, studying Lu Yu literature based on Confucian ideas, research in biographical and ideological aspects has been omitted because it has already been done by senior scholars, and for the more thorough study on how Lu Yu spirit of tea culture affected, it tries to arrange problems by evaluating its distinguishing features with focus on Confucianism.

Factors Related to Treatment Refusal in Taiwanese Cancer Patients

Chiang, Ting-Yu,Wang, Chao-Hui,Lin, Yu-Fen,Chou, Shu-Lan,Wang, Ching-Ting,Juang, Hsiao-Ting,Lin, Yung-Chang,Lin, Mei-Hsiang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.8

Background: Incidence and mortality rates for cancer have increased dramatically in the recent 30 years in Taiwan. However, not all patients receive treatment. Treatment refusal might impair patient survival and life quality. In order to improve this situation, we proposed this study to evaluate factors that are related to refusal of treatment in cancer patients via a cancer case manager system. Materials and Methods: This study analysed data from a case management system during the period from 2010 to 2012 at a medical center in Northern Taiwan. We enrolled a total of 14,974 patients who were diagnosed with cancer. Using the PRECEDE Model as a framework, we conducted logistic regression analysis to identify independent variables that are significantly associated with refusal of therapy in cancer patients. A multivariate logistic regression model was also applied to estimate adjusted the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: A total of 253 patients (1.69%) refused treatment. The multivariate logistic regression result showed that the high risk factors for refusal of treatment in cancer patient included: concerns about adverse effects (p<0.001), poor performance(p<0.001), changes in medical condition (p<0.001), timing of case manager contact (p=.026), the methods by which case manager contact patients (p<0.001) and the frequency that case managers contact patients (${\geq}10times$) (p=0.016). Conclusions: Cancer patients who refuse treatment have poor survival. The present study provides evidence of factors that are related to refusal of therapy and might be helpful for further application and improvement of cancer care.

Direct Observation of Nanoscale Pt Electrode Agglomeration at the Triple Phase Boundary

Yu, Chen-Chiang,Kim, Sanwi,Baek, Jong Dae,Li, Yong,Su, Pei-Chen,Kim, Taek-Soo American Chemical Society 2015 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.7 No.11

<P>Nanoporous platinum electrode thin films were delaminated from yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates via double cantilever beam delamination to reveal the structure located at the interface between electrode and electrolyte. The thermally driven morphological evolution between the electrode top surface and the substrate contact interface of agglomerated nanoporous platinum thin films were compared. We found the temperature required for significant agglomeration to occur was approximately 100 °C higher at the electrolyte contact interface side than at the top surface side. Judging the reaction active site from the electrode top surface could be inaccurate because higher resistance of thermal agglomeration at the interface could retain the reaction active site during fuel cell operation.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2015/aamick.2015.7.issue-11/acsami.5b00134/production/images/medium/am-2015-00134s_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am5b00134'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Automatic TFT-LCD Mura Inspection Based on Studentized Residuals in Regression Analysis

Yu-Chiang Chuang,Shu-Kai S. Fan 대한산업공학회 2009 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.8 No.3

In recent days, large-sized flat-panel display (FPD) has been increasingly applied to computer monitors and TVs. Mura defects, appearing as low contrast or non-uniform brightness region, sometimes occur in manufacturing of the Thin-Film Transistor Liquid-Crystal Displays (TFT-LCD). Implementation of automatic Mura inspection methods is necessary for TFT-LCD production. Various existing Mura detection methods based on regression diagnostics, surface fitting and data transformation have been presented with good performance. This paper proposes an efficient Mura detection method that is based on a regression diagnostics using studentized residuals for automatic Mura inspection of FPD. The input image is estimated by a linear model and then the studentized residuals are calculated for filtering Mura regions. After image dilation, the proposed threshold is determined for detecting the non-uniform brightness region in TFT-LCD by means of monitoring the every pixel in the image. The experimental results obtained from several test images are used to illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method for Mura detection.

Intraoperative neuromonitoring in thyroid surgery

Feng-Yu Chiang 대한외과학회 2010 대한외과학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2010 No.11

Gender, Social Situations and Communication in Mandarin

Wen-Yu Chiang,Pei-shu Tsai 담화·인지언어학회 2003 담화·인지언어학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

Enhanced Performance of Pseudo-Bilayer Organic Photovoltaic Devices via Small Molecule Doping

Syu, Yu-Wei,Huang, Peng-Yi,Li, Husan-De,Hsu, Ching-Ling,Chiu, Kuan-Cheng,Kim, Choongik,Chen, Ming-Chou,Chao, Yu-Chiang American Chemical Society 2014 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.118 No.19

<P>Controlling both the film crystallinity of the active layer for better charge transport and the interdiffusion between donor and acceptor materials for optimal bicontinuous networks is essential in producing pseudo-bilayer polymer solar cells. In this work, we investigated the influence of a doping solution-processable small molecule with high carrier mobility, 5,11-bis(triethylsilylethynyl) anthradithiophene (TES-ADT), on the performance of pseudo-bilayer polymer solar cells made of an underlayer of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and an upper layer of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). By analysis of the X-ray diffraction and UV–vis absorbance spectra of P3HT:TES-ADT blend films it was demonstrated that the film crystallinity was enhanced by TES-ADT doping in the P3HT underlayer. The hole mobility extracted from the current density–voltage curves of hole-only devices based on P3HT:TES-ADT demonstrated an optimized value with proper TES-ADT doping and thermal annealing. An intermixed photoactive layer was observed for the annealed device, indicating the occurrence of interdiffusion with a large interfacial area. With improved film crystallinity and interdiffusion, the optimal device performance was obtained when 5% TES-ADT was blended with P3HT and a thermal annealing treatment at 150 °C for 1 min was conducted. At that optimal condition, the mean crystallite size was increased by 35%, and hence the enhancement of 8% and 14% in power conversion efficiency and short-circuit current density was observed, respectively.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2014/jpccck.2014.118.issue-19/jp502331x/production/images/medium/jp-2014-02331x_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp502331x'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Nickel-Tin Solid-Liquid Inter-Diffusion Bonding

Chen-Chiang Yu,배성재,Pei-Chen Su,Tung-Han Chuang 한국정밀공학회 2014 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.15 No.1

This paper presents a solid liquid inter-diffusion (SLID) bonding process using nickel-tin. By using two metals with different melting points, Ni3Sn4, an intermetallic compound (IMC) at 523K was formed. Unlike pure metal, the IMC can be used in high temperature applications of up to 800K without failure. The formation energy of Ni3Sn4 IMC was calculated to be 23.15 kJ/mol from the experimental result. Compared to the traditional soldering technique, a higher temperature resistance bonding joint can be achieved using the nickel-tin SLID bonding technique.

Automatic TFT-LCD Mura Inspection Based on Studentized Residuals in Regression Analysis

Chuang, Yu-Chiang,Fan, Shu-Kai S. Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers 2009 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.8 No.3

In recent days, large-sized flat-panel display (FPD) has been increasingly applied to computer monitors and TVs. Mura defects, appearing as low contrast or non-uniform brightness region, sometimes occur in manufacturing of the Thin-Film Transistor Liquid-Crystal Displays (TFT-LCD). Implementation of automatic Mura inspection methods is necessary for TFT-LCD production. Various existing Mura detection methods based on regression diagnostics, surface fitting and data transformation have been presented with good performance. This paper proposes an efficient Mura detection method that is based on a regression diagnostics using studentized residuals for automatic Mura inspection of FPD. The input image is estimated by a linear model and then the studentized residuals are calculated for filtering Mura regions. After image dilation, the proposed threshold is determined for detecting the non-uniform brightness region in TFT-LCD by means of monitoring the every pixel in the image. The experimental results obtained from several test images are used to illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method for Mura detection.

User Identification Design by Fusion of Face Recognition and Speaker Recognition

Chao-Yu Lin,Kai-Tai Song,Yi-Wen Chen,Shuo-Cheng Chien,Sin-Horng Chen,Chen-Yu Chiang,Jyh-Her Yang,Yi-Chiao Wu,Tzu-Jui Liu 제어로봇시스템학회 2012 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.10

Intelligent human-robot interface helps a mobile robot to extract external information and interact with a user. User identification information allows a robot to generate appropriate behaviors and make personalized human-robot interaction (PHRI) more natural and safe. Most of service robots move around in various application settings, and biometric features always change during relative movements. In this work, a fusion recognition system based on face and speaker classifiers is designed to achieve the user recognition in various environments. We propose a method to fuse face and speech recognition results based on the concept of confidence indices. Through the derived confidence indices, the system combines the two classifiers and gives improved recognition results. Experiments on a laboratory home service robot show that person recognition rates in 15 environmental situations all outperform those of using single modality.