Argument-related recurrent sequences: A corpus-based study targeting L2 learners of English

( Shin¸ Yu Kyoung ),( Gu¸ Yeri ),( Park¸ Yerin ),( Seo¸ Dongju ) 한국중등영어교육학회 2021 중등영어교육 Vol.14 No.4

Legal sentencing involves a multilayered series of arguments leading to a final verdict, just as argumentative essays, a frequent task genre in language classes, should include multilayered argumentation leading to the writer’s conclusions. This similarity suggests that authentic legal sentencing discourse could potentially be useful for language pedagogy. Yet this specific written genre has not attracted much attention in EFL contexts. This study examines three corpora of legal sentencing data (i.e., verdicts of guilty, innocent, and partially innocent when the charges involve more than one crime), amounting to 650,000 words. The study identifies lexical bundles in each corpus and their semantic preferences (i.e., co-occurring words of the sequences in context) in concordance lines. The findings illuminate features of the sentencing genre and suggest its potential as a pedagogical tool for teaching argumentative prose to L2 English learners at the secondary and tertiary levels.

아로마요법이 수부 미세수술환자의 수면만족도, 통증 및 불안에 미치는 효과

신미영(외 4명) 신라대학교 (부산여자대학교) 2015 論文集 Vol.60 No.-

층상구조 산화물 Na_(x)Ni_(x/2)Ti_(1-x/2)O₂의 합성과 구조적 특성

신유주,곽지현 가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 1998 자연과학논문집 Vol.19 No.-

층상구조 산화물 Na_(x)Ni_(x/2)Ti_(l-x/2)0₂(0.60≤X≤1.0)이 고상합성법에 의해 Ar 분위기하에서 950℃-1100℃로 가열하여 합성되었다. 단일상 영역은 0.75≤x≤1.0에서 rhombohedral(O3), 0.60≤x≤0.75에서는 primitive hexagonal 상(P2)으로 결정되었고, x<0.60은 층상구조와 함께 pruderite 구조상이 공존하는 혼합상 영역이었다. 격자상수 a는 x가 감소함에 따라 단순감소 하였고 c는 반대로 증가하는 것이 관측되었는데 이는 Ni^(2+)와 Ti^(4+) 이온 반경의 차, (Ni/Ti)O₂ 층간의 정전기적 반발력, (Ni/Ti)O_(6) 정팔면체의 trigonal distortion 정도와 관련지어 논의되었다. O3에서 P2로의 구조전이 과정은 (Ni/Ti)-O와 Na-O간 경쟁적인 공유-이온 결합성의 변화에 기인하는 것으로 이해되었다. Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Ti_(0.67)O₂의 경우 Rietvelt 분석법을 이용하여 그 결정구조를 결정하였다. Layer-type oxides Na_(x)Ni_(x/2)Ti_(l-x/2)0₂(0.60≤x≤1) have been prepared for the first time by solid-state reaction by heating the appropriate mixtures of starting materials at 950℃-1100℃ under Ar ambience. Two consecutive single phases were observed, rhombohedral(03) phase for 0.75≤x≤1.0 and hexagonal one(p2) for 0.60≤x<0.75, and a mixed-phase appeared including pruderite phase with x<0.60. Lattice parameter a decrease with x, while c increases as x diminishes. Such behaviors have been discussed on the basis of the difference of ionie radii between Ni^(2+) and Ti^(4+), the electrostatic repulsion of (Ni/Ti)0₂ slabs and the evolution of trigonal distortion of (Ni/Ti)0_(6) octahedra. Structural transition from 03 to P2 has been understood due to the competitive iono-covalency between (Ni/Ti)-0 and Na-0 bonds. As for Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Ti_(0.67)O, the crystal structure has been determined by the Rietveld profile-analysis method.

전동식 니켈 티타늄 파일의 표면 결함 및 단면 형태가 반복응력 하에서 피로 파절에 미치는 영향

신유미,김의성,김광만,금기연 大韓齒科保存學會 2004 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.29 No.3

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of surface defects and cross-sectional configuration of NiTi rotary files on the fatigue life under cyclic loading. Three NiTi rotary files (K3^(TM), ProFile®, and HERO 642®) with #30/.04 taper were evaluated. Each rotary file was divided into 2 subgroups: control (no surface defects) and experimental group (artificial surface defects). A total of six groups of each 10 were tested. The NiTi rotary files were rotated at 300rpm using the apparatus which simulated curved canal (40 degree of curvature) until they fracture. The number of cycles to fracture was calculated and the fractured surfaces were observed with a scanning electron microscope. The data were analyzed statistically. The results showed that experimental groups with surface defects had lower number of cycles to fracture than control group but there was only a statistical significance between control and experimental group in the K3^(TM) (p〈0.05). There was no strong correlation between the cross-sectional configuration area and fracture resistance under experimental conditions. Several of fractured files demonstrated characteristic patterns of brittle fracture consistent with the propagation of pre-existing cracks. This data indicate that surface defects of NiTi rotary files may significantly decrease fatigue life and it may be one possible factor for early fracture of NiTi rotary files in clinical practice.

OECD 가입에 따른 한국 경제법질서의 발전방향

신유철 한국경영법률학회 2003 經營法律 Vol.13 No.1

Die OECD, der mitterweile nahezu alle Industriela''nder auf der Erde angeho''ren, befagβt sich hauptsa''chilich mit wirstchaftspolitischen Fragestellungem. Die Ziele und Aufgaben der OECD sind in der Konvention lediglich in grundsa''tzlichen Linien umrissen. Dies ermo''glicht der Organisation groβe Flexibilita''t. Zur Erreichung ihrer Ziele sowie zur Erfu''llung ihrer Aufgaben stu''tzt sich die OECD im wesentlichen auf zwei Instrumente. Diese sind zum einen die Einigung auf Beschlu''sse und Empfehlungen, und zum anderen die Erstellung wissenschaftlicher Analyse. Diese Instrumente spiegeln auch die Kernfunktionen der OECD wieder, na''mlich Verhandlungs-, Koordinierungsund Diskussionsforum der Mitgliedstaaten ebenso zu sein wie wissenschaftlicher "think tank". Seit dem Eintritt in die OECD im Jahre 1996 ist die Republik Korea nun zur Erreichung der Ziele dieser Organisation gema''β Art. 1 der OECD-Konvention dazu verpflichtet, unter Wahrung der finanziellen Stabilita''t eine optimale Entwicklung der Wirtschaft und Bescha''ftigung sowie einen steigenden Lebensstandard zu erreichen, im Einklang mit internationalen Verpflichtungen auf multinationaler und nicht-diskriminie-render Grundlage eine Ausweitung des Welthandels Koordinierung der wirschaftlichen Entwicklungshilfe zur gesunden Entwicklung der Weltwirtschaft beizutragen. Die daraus resultierenden Aufgaben umfassen ein breites Spektrum, das nicht nur die Zusammenarbeit in der allgemeinen Wirtschafts- und Wa''hrungspolitik, die Ero''rterung handelsoplitischer Fragen sowie die Koordinierung der Entwicklungshilfe umfaβt, sondern vielmehr die Bewa''ltigung der damit verbundenen politischen und technischen Problem etwa im Energie-, Verkehr-, Agrar-, Umwelt- und Arbeitsmarktbereich ebenso wie die Fragen der Globalisierung, der nachhaltigen Entwickiung, der neuen Technologien, der Regulierungsreform, der Besteckungsbeka''mpfung, der alternden Bevo''lkerung, der sozialen Sicherheit, der Erziehung usw. Denn die wirtschaftspolitischen Problem ko''nnen nicht allein im engeren Sinne der Wirtschaftspolitik isoliert gelo''st werden; die richtigen Lo''sungen mu''ssen stets im gesamten Zusammenhang mit der polotoschen, gesellschaftkichen und kulturellen Fragen, die jeweils im Lontext stehen, gesucht, gekla''rt und gefunden werden. Zu beachten ist dabei, daβ alle Beschlu''sse und Empfehlungen der OECD prinzipiell einstimmig gefaβt werden. Um eine Blockierung der Arbeiten zu vermeiden, behalten bei Stimmenthaltung eines oder mehrerer Mitglieder die Beschlu''sse fu''r die zustimmenden unmittelbar geltendes Recht in den einzelnen Mitgliedsla''ndern. Die Regierungen sind aber verpflichtet, die Beschlu''sse ihren Parlamenten zur Umwandlung in nationales Recht vorzuschlagen. Die Empfehlungen sind rechtlich wenig verpflichtend; es bleibt dem einzelnen Mitglied u''berlassen, ihre Zweckma''βigkeit im Hinblik auf die Situation im eigenen Land zu pru''fen und sie den nationlen Verha''ltnissen entsprechend anzuwenden. Trotz diesem saften Charakter der OECD-Normen als "soft law" haben sie groβen Einfluβ auf die Herausbildung der heutigen Weltwirtschaftsordnung ausgeu''bt, zumal die OECD als ein Vorforum der wichtigen Industriela''nder gegenu''ber den anderen internatiomalen Organisationen fungierte. Die eigentliche Bedeutung der OECD liegt also weniger im Erlaβ verbindlicher Regelungen als in der Abstimmung der wichtigen Wirtschafts- und Wa''hrungspolitik ihrer Mitglieder. Seit ihrer Entstehung spielen die europa''ischen La''nder groβe Rolle fu''r die bildung der OECD-Normen. Durch die Entstehung der Europa''ischen Union im Jahre 1992 ist nicht nur eine wirtschaftliche Gemeinschaft der europa''ischen La''nder verwirkicht, sondern eine gesellschaftliche und politische Integration mo''glich geworden. Die EU erlassen in diesem Zusammenhang zahlreiche Gesetzgebungsrichtlinien, die ihre Mitgliedsstaaten rechtlich binden, so daβ man bereits von dem "Europa''ischen Wirtschaftsrecht" spricht. Fu''r die Bildung der weiteren OECD-Normen wird daher das europa''ische Recht eine entscheidende und zukunftweisende Bedeutung haben. In diesem Zusammenhang muβ die koreanische Wirtschaftsordnung sowohl den OECD-Nrmen als auch den EU-Richtlinien gema''β neu gepru''ft und systematisch verbessert werden. In Anbetracht dessen, daβ koreanische Recht das System des kontinental-europa''ischen Techts, insbesondere des deutschen Rechts u''bernommen hat, ist es auch fu''r die weitere Entwicklung der koreanischen Wirtschaftsordnung von groβer Bedeutung, in welcher Weise die Mitgliederla''nder der EU, insbesondere Deutschland, die EU-Richtlinie in ihrem Rechtssystem integrieren. Die vorliegende Abhandlung vermittelt in diesem Kontext nach einer Einfu''hrung in die Problematik (Kap. Ⅰ) einen U''berblick u''ber die Entstehungs- und Entwicklungsgeschichte (Kap. Ⅱ) sowie die Organisation und Ta''tigkeiten der OECD (Kap. Ⅲ); danach behandelt sie die Bedeutung der OECD-Normen fu''r die Weltwirtschaftsordnung (Kap. Ⅳ) und verbreitet schlieβlich Vorschla''ge fu''r die Ortentierung des ku''nftigen koreanischen Wirtschaftsrechts (Kap. Ⅴ). Im Prozeβ der Globalisierung wird der Druck des weltweiten Wettbewerbsfa''higkeit der einzelnen Leistungsanbieter erho''ht, sondern vielmehr die Konkurrenzkapazita''t des gesamten Systems der jeweiligen Gesellschaft verbessert werden. Die systematische Erfassung der Wirtschaftsordnung in ihrer Komplexita''t ist eine unabdingare Voraussetzung dafu''r.

"大秦景敎流行中國碑" 비문(碑文) 역주(譯註)

우심화 아세아연합신학대학교 2005 ACTS 神學과 宣敎 Vol.9 No.-

남성화 암쥐의 모리스 수중 미로 수행력 : 성에 따른 공간기억력과 테스토르테론 효과의 차이

신성현,박제민,정우영,박문일,서유나,김성곤,강철중 大韓神經精神醫學會 2007 신경정신의학 Vol.46 No.5

Objectives : It is widely accepted that gonadal steroids are involved in organization and activation of sexual dimorphism in the brain areas related with spatial leaming. This study aimed to test the following hypothesis : 1) spatial memory is affected by sex, 2) this difference is related with brain differentiation by exposure to testosterone in the neonatal period, and/or 3) the sexual difference of spatial memory is the result of the interaction between organization of sexual dimorphism in the brain and the circulating testosterone after growing up. Methods : Testosterone enanthate 100 ㎍, ('androgenized') orvehicle ('control') was randomly administered to 28 female and 25 male rat pups within 24 hour of birth. The escape latencies (EL) in Morris water maze were measured in 15 and 16 week of age with vehicle ('baseline') and with 10 μmol/kg of testosterone ('with testosterone'), respectively. Each session Consis-ted of 10 trials, and means of the last 5 trials were analyzed. Results : The baseline EL of the males were significantly shorter than females regardless ofneonatal exposure to testosterone. With testosterone, EL of the androgenized females were significantly shorter than control females and comparable to those of males. Conclusion : Neonatal exposure to testosterone in female rats may develop a tesosterone-dependent male-like spatial leaming system.

아로마 요법이 뇌졸중환자의 자율신경계와 스트레스에 대한 신체 저항도에 미치는 효과

신유선,조영숙,정유진 대한기초간호자연과학회 2004 Journal of korean biological nursing science Vol.6 No.2

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to determine effects of aromatherapy on the activity and balance of autonomic nervous system and on physical resistance to stress. Methods : This research is a primitive experimental design which attempts to analyze aromatherapy EKG monitoring on real-time basis. Lavender & Chamomile, each 30 drops, were blended with 100ml Sweet Almond oil. Subjects was laid relaxed, and had insides of his wrists and ankles attached with electrodes for EKG. Right after applied with essential oil onto his philtrum and parotid, started on EKG monitoring. Results : The activities of parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve were changed as time elapsed, with significant differences(p=.000). In multiple comparison, the value was significantly different (p<.05).The balance of autonomic nerve was changed, becoming close to the normal level in accord with applicable international standards(1.5)(p=.011). In multiple comparison, the value showed a significant difference(p<.05). Physical resistance to stress increased with the passage of time, but not statistically significant. Conclusions : This suggests that aromatherapy can be used as a nursing intervention which aims at alleviating symptoms related to the imbalance of autonomic nerve system such as headache, hot flashes, irregular heartbeat, nervousness, depression and anxiety.

"大秦景敎流行中國碑" 비문(碑文) 역주(譯註)

우심화 아세아연합신학대학교 2004 ACTS 神學과 宣敎 Vol.8 No.-

주후 781년에 세워진 "대진경교유행중국비"(大秦景敎流行中國碑)는 기독교의 초기 중국전래 년도와 전파과정을 확인시켜주는 가장 중요한 문헌이다. 그러므로 비문(碑文)에 대한 이해는 중국의 초기교회역사를 전개하는 단서라고 말할 수 있다. 지금까지 국내의 "대진경교유행중국비" 전문(全文)에 대한 역문으로는 『기독교 대백과사전』(기독교문사, 1985, 598-600), 이관숙의 『중국기독교사』(쿰란출판사, 1995), 정수일의 "대진경교유행중국비 송병서"(『문명교류사연구』, 사계절, 2002, 98-105)와 이경운의 『경교』(景敎, 동서남북, 1996. 90개의 각주가 더하여짐)가 있다. 이러한 번역이 그간 많은 연구자들에게 도움이 되었겠지만, 아쉽게도 미흡함도 없지 않다. 『기독교대백과사전』에 실린 역문은 주해(註解)가 없고, 난해한(?) 한자(漢字) 용어가 빈번히 쓰여 독자들이 쉽게 이해할 수 있는 내용이 못된다. 이 관숙의 역문은 본문을 오역하고 건너뛰며 대충 번역한 것에 지나지 않는다. 정수일의 역문은 그가 "『기독교대백과사전』… 역문 등을 참고하여 교역(校譯)을 시도했으나, 여러 가지 미흡함과 문제점이 있어 참고용 초역(草譯)으로 하였다"라고 밝히고 있듯이 주해가 없고 역문에도 미흡함이 보인다. 이경운의 역문과 주(註) 또한 여러 문제점들을 노출하고 있다. 본문은 이상과 같은 기왕의 한글역주의 상황에 주목하며, 경교비문에 대한 종래의 연구를 참작하여 보다 정확한 번역과 주해를 제시하기 위해 노력하고자 한다.

계면활성제 함유 인지질 나노입자의 초가변성 연구

신지영,오유경,강민정,권경애,김종국 한국약제학회 2003 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.33 No.3

This study was aimed to formulated various phospholipid nanoparticles composed of different surfactants and to evaluate the deformability of the phospholipid vesicles as candidates of useful ultradeformable nanoparticles. In vitro deformability of the hospholipid nanoparticles was studied using an extruder under a certain pressure. The sizes of phospholipid nanoparticles, passed volumes, and concentrations of the phospholipids in suspensions before and after extrusion were measured. The deformability indexes were estimated by using passed volumes, sizes of phospholipid nanoparticles and concentrations of phospholipids. Conventionl liposomes, placed under a certain pressure of an extruder, showed no passed volume indicating little deformability. Similar to conventional liposomes, phospholipid nanoparticles containing surpactants such as sodium taurcholate, Myrj 45, or Myrj 53 showed little deformability. In contrast, phospholipid nanoparticles composed of Tween 20, triton X-100, or sodium deoxycholate showed higher deformability indexes than others. Taken together, the deformability of phospholipid nanoparticles could be significantly affected by the type of surfactants. Moreover, these results suggest that the deformability of phospholipid nanoparticles could be modulated by surfactants.