『四聲通解』의 魚語御韻과 模姥暮韻에 인용된 『蒙古韻略』과 『蒙古字韻』의 비교 연구

曲曉雲 ( Qu Xiaoyun ) 한국중국언어학회 2021 중국언어연구 Vol.- No.94

本文對崔世珍在≪四聲通解≫魚語御韻和模姥暮韻標註≪蒙古韻略≫何音的字與≪蒙古字韻≫做的比較分析結果如下: 1) 除了「遽」等字的訓民正音轉寫「:뀨」應改為「·뀨」、「貯」等字的訓民正音轉寫「쥬」應改為「:쥬」、「戍」等字的訓民正音轉寫「슈」應改為「·슈」外, ≪四聲通解≫魚語御韻和模姥暮韻所引≪蒙古韻略≫小韻字讀音與≪蒙古字韻≫完全一致。但≪蒙古韻略≫和≪蒙古字韻≫在收錄字上存在不同。 2) 漢語[-əw]音的≪蒙古字韻≫八思巴字轉寫為/-uw/, ≪蒙古韻略≫的訓民正音轉寫為/-əw/。八思巴字轉寫/-uw/與漢語拼音的/-ou/類似, 訓民正音的轉寫與IPA標記一致。 3) 「醵」在≪蒙古字韻≫裡有平聲 [giu]和入聲 [giεw]二音, 但在≪蒙古韻略≫裡還有去聲[giu]一音;「柱」在≪蒙古字韻≫裡有上聲 [dʒiu]一音, 在≪蒙古韻略≫裡還有上聲 [t∫iu]和去聲 [giu]二音;「紵」在≪蒙古字韻≫裡有上聲 [dʒiu]一音, 在≪蒙古韻略≫裡還有上聲 [t∫iu]一音。「輸」在≪蒙古字韻≫裡有平聲 [∫iu]一音, 在≪蒙古韻略≫裡還有去聲 [∫iu]一音。 4) ≪四聲通解≫的收錄字以≪洪武正韻≫為基準, 在≪洪武正韻≫、≪蒙古韻略≫均收錄並且在二書中的讀音一致的收錄在先, 不標註≪蒙古韻略≫何音;二書讀音不一致的漢字收錄在其後, 并標註≪蒙古韻略≫何音。崔世珍在≪四聲通解≫裡添加了≪洪武正韻≫未收錄的「續添字」, 一些「續添字」也見於≪蒙古字韻≫, 本文推測, 這樣的「續添字」可能也收錄在≪蒙古韻略≫。 5) ≪蒙古字韻≫和≪蒙古韻略≫有魚母一聲紐, 八思巴字轉寫為/’-/, 有別于喩母的/j-/, 但是崔世珍的轉寫均為/ㅇ/, 所以二母的實際音值均為零聲母[ø-]。 6) ≪蒙古字韻≫魚韻(≪蒙古韻略≫魚語御韻) 有[-u]、[-iu]兩個韻母, 但是[-iu]中的[i]受其後圓唇母音u的影響, 實際音值為接近圓唇[y]的一個音, 所以八思巴字轉寫為/ė/, 訓民正音裡無這樣的元音, 並且帶有圓唇性質的[i]與純粹的[i]在音位上不構成對立, 所以訓民正音轉寫為[i]。通過≪蒙古字韻≫魚韻(≪蒙古韻略≫魚語御韻) 的八思巴字和訓民正音的轉寫, 證明漢語的[y]韻母在≪蒙古字韻≫(≪蒙古韻略≫) 成書的時代還未產生。 7) 崔世珍在≪四聲通解≫魚語御韻和模姥暮韻引用的包括「迂」在內的≪古今韻會≫的記錄均與≪古今韻會擧要≫一致。花登正宏(1997:71) 主張從崔世珍的注釋可以證明崔世珍所見「韻會」為≪古今韻會≫, 而非≪古今韻會擧要≫, 這一主張是錯誤的。 Choi Se-Jin makes a comparative analysis of the pronunciation of some words marked “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” in “Sa-Seong-tong-Hae” Yú (魚), Yǔ (語), Yù (御) and Mú (模) Mǔ (姥) Mù (暮) Rhyme. This paper makes a comparative analysis of these words and “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”, and the results are as follows: 1) The Chinese [-əu] sound is translated into /-uw/ in the Phags-pa character of “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”. The Hunminjeongeum of “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” is translated into /--əw /. The transliteration of the Phags-pa character /-uw/ is similar to the /-ou/ of Hanyu Pinyin, and the transliteration of the Hunminjeongeum is consistent with the IPA mark. 2) “醵” has 平聲 [giu] and 入聲 [giεw] in “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”, but there is 平聲 [giu] and 入聲 [giεw] and 去聲 [giu] in “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” ; “柱” has 上聲 [dʒiu] in “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”,but there is 上聲 [dʒiu] and 上聲 [t∫iu] and 去聲 [giu] in “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” ; “紵” has 上聲 [dʒiu] in “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”, but there is 上聲 [dʒiu] and 上聲 [t∫iu] in “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” ; “輸” has 平聲 [∫iu] in “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”, but there is 平聲 [∫iu] and 去聲 [∫iu] in “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” ; 3) The included words of “Sa-Seong-tong-Hae” are based on “Hongwu Zhengyun”. The words with the same pronunciation in Hongwu Zhengyun and “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” are included first, and The words with inconsistent pronunciation in the two books are included later, and marked with he Yin of “Mongolian Rhyme”. Choi Se-Jin added “續添字” which is not included in “Hongwu Zhengyun” in “Sa-Seong-tong-Hae”, some of which can also be found in “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”. This paper speculates that such “續添字” may also be included in “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe”. 4) “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” and “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun” have 魚母, and the Basiba character is /’- /, which is different from the 喩母’s / j- /, but Choi Se-Jin’s transliteration is /ㅇ/, So the actual sound values of the two initials are both zero consonants [ø-]. 5) The “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun” Rhymes of Yú (魚) (“Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” Rhymes of Yú (魚), Yǔ (語), Yù (御)) has two vowels [-u] and [-iu], but the [i] in [-iu] is affected by the subsequent lip vowel u, and the actual sound value is close to that of the lips [y], so the Phags-pa character is pronounced as /ė/, Hunminjeongeum does not have such a vowel, And there is no phoneme opposition between the lip-sensitive [i] and the essential [i], so the Hunminjeongeum is called [i]. Through the transliteration of the Phags-pa and Hunminjeongeum of the “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun” Rhymes of Yú (魚) (“Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” Rhymes of Yú (魚), Yǔ (語), Yù (御)), Prove that [y] vowels were not generated at the time of “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun” (“Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe”)’s writing. 6) Cui Shizhen’s records of “Gu Jin Yun Hui”, including “迂”, are consistent with the “Gu Jin Yun Hui Ju Yao”. Masahiro Hanato (1997:71) argued that it can be clarified from Cui Shizhen’s notes that the “rhyming meeting” seen by Cui Shizhen is “ancient and modern rhyming meeting” rather than “ancient and modern rhyming meeting”, which is wrong.

일반논문 : 고금도(古今島) 관왕묘(關王廟) 연구

유성웅 ( Sung Woung Yu ),장경희 ( Kyung Hee Jang ) 한서대학교 동양고전연구소 2015 동방학 Vol.32 No.-

고금도(古今島) 관왕묘(關王廟)는 정유재란을 기억하는 역사적 상징이다. 본고는 1598년 창건된 이후 한·중·일 삼국의 역사적 관계에 따라 끊임없이 변화되어 오늘에 이른 고금도 관왕묘를 연구 대상으로 하여 다음과 같은 역사적 사실을 밝혀냈다 첫째, 고금도 관왕묘는 정유재란 당시 조선에 파병된 진린(陳璘) 도독과 명나라 수군(水軍)에 의해 1598년 창건되어, 군신(軍神)인 관우(關羽)와 해신(海神)인 마조(마祖) 등을 함께 배향하였다. 둘째, 고금도 관왕묘는 조선 후기에 묘사(廟祠) 건물의 구조와 향사 대상이 변화된 것이 특징이다. 1598년 정전(正殿)에 관왕과 마조를 모시고 명 수군들의 제향을 받았다. 1666년 정전과 동·서무(東西楙)를 갖춘 品자형 구조였다. 정전에는 관우를 모셨으며 동무에는 진린 도독과 이순신 장군을 함께 배치하여 조선 수군들의 제향을 받았다. 1791년 고금도 관왕묘에 ``탄보묘(誕報廟)``라는 사액(賜額)을 내려 묘격(廟格)이 승격되었고, 노량대첩 당시 전사한 명 등자룡(鄧子龍) 장군이 합사되었다. 이에 따라 동무에는 진린 도독과 등자룡 장군이, 서무에는 이순신 장군이 배치되었다. 하지만 일제 강점기인 1940년 고금도 관왕묘는 훼철되었고, 해방 이후에는 이충무공 유적으로 바뀌었다. 따라서 16세기 한·중 문화 교류를 실질적으로 증명하는 문화유산인 고금도 관왕묘가 향후 원형대로 복원되길 기대한다. Founded In 1598, when the Japanese invaded Korea for the 2nd time, Gogeumdo Gwanwangmyo is a historical symbol to remember the Japanese invasion of Korea. Since the foundation, Gogeumdo Gwanwangmyo has gone through continuous transformations as responses to changing relationships among Korea, China and Japan. The paper aims to bring to light important historical facts and argue for the necessity to restore Gogeumdo Gwanwangmyo to its original form. First, Gogeumdo Gwanwangmyo was founded in 1598, by the Admiral Chen Lin (陳璘) from the Ming Dynasty. The shrine housed the war god (軍神), King Guan Yu (關羽) and the god of the sea (海神), Majo (?祖). In their hometown, Guangdung (廣東) in China, these military leaders followed the tradition of dedicating memorial service to both King Guan Yu and Majo. In founding Gogeumdo Gwanwangmyo, they applied the same concept. Particularly in 1583, Chen Lin had previously erected a Matang Gwanjemyo (馬塘關帝廟) in Guangdong. This experience offered him the motivation to build Gwanwangmyo in Korea. Secondly, the late Joseon dynasty witnessed shifts in commemorative service tradition, which centered on the architectural structure of shrine, and the target of commemorative service. In 1598, the main shrine housed the King Guan Yu and the Majo. In 1666, the entire structure of shrines changed to have the 品 shape, having the East shrine and the West shrine under the main shrine. The main shrine was dedicated to King Guan Yu. The East shrine was dedicated to the Admiral Chen Lin and the Admiral Lee Sun-shin. In addition to the East and the West rituals buildinges, the year 1713 saw an addition of a small temple(玉泉寺) whose role is today``s equivalent of the guard office. The same year saw the elevation of national status of the commemorative service for King Guan Yu (關羽), the Admiral Chen and the admiral Lee. In 1791, the King Jongjo granted Gogeumdo Gwanwangmyo a signature board that reads ``Tanbomyo (誕報廟)``, which also contributed to raising the shrine``s status. That year also saw the expansion of the scope of the memorial service to dedicate to one more soul, the general Deng Zi Long (鄧子龍), who died during the Battle of Noryang. Accordingly, the structure is re-arranged to have the East shrine dedicated to the admiral Chen and the general Deng, and the West shrine to the admiral Lee. In the post Battle of Noryang era, Gogeumdo Gwanwangmyo became an internationally renowned shrine housing souls of national heroes of the Joseon and the Ming dynasties. But, under the Japanese colonial rule, Gogeumdo Gwanwangmyo was destroyed. After liberation, in light of the shrine``s value as a relic of the admiral Lee, the Korean government designated Gogeumdo Gwanwangmyo as Historic Site No. 114. Currently, the main shrine is used to hold a national memorial service for the Admiral Lee, with the general Lee Young-nam. In particular, this latter represents important historical heritage to prove the cultural exchange that existed between China and Korea.

노인의 성격과 죽음태도에 관한 탐색적 연구

유경원,박상하,김혜숙,정경인 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2005 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.30 No.1

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze how the personality of elderly people affects their attitude toward death. Method: For this study, we investigated 86 old men and women with over the age of 60 in C and J nursing home for the old at Gwang ju city during January 5 to March 31, 2003. As a research tool, the total 20 questions of modified Shanans assorted survey method to measure personality style were used and the reliability of this study was Cronbach's α= 0.7507. For determination of attitude of death, the total 36 questions of FODS, which has been used by Suh, Hye-Kyung were used and the reliability of this study was Cronbach's α= 0.60. Using SPSS program, the collected data were analyzed by Frequency, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient, respectively. Results: In the analyze of the results of personality complying with general characteristics, there were statistically significant differences in age. It was shown that the personality of the old with the age of 61-65 is positive. There were no significant differences in thee attitude toward death complying with general characteristics. The hypothesis in this study, the correlation that the more positive personality of the old, the more positive attitude toward death was supported. Conclusion: Since the elderly people with more positive personality may have more positive attitude toward death, it is considered that the old themselves, their family and workers might help to haw positive personality for the positive attitude toward death.

고령화 사회를 위한 노인의 영양서비스 요구도 조사

오유진;장유경;원선임;서종려 한양대학교 2005 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.25 No.1

The survey conducted by individual interviews. Subjects were adults aged 60 and over, recruited from three elderly schools in N city in Kyung-gi province(n=95). In the survey, subjects were interviewed for general characteristics, interesting nutrition topics, preferred methods of nutrition service. Subjects were interested in topics such as ‘anything about nutrition’(41%), ‘healthy eating’(31%), ‘diet with taking medicine’(17%), and ‘nutrition counseling’(12%). As methods of nutrition service, Subjects wanted primarily to use lectures in school(27%). Nutrition education program(29%), booklets(25%) were other commonly cited methods. These results provide baseline information for developing nutrition service and methods for elderly.

<임경업전>의 비극성에 대한 표현 문화론적 고찰

서유경 한국문학교육학회 2004 문학교육학 Vol.13 No.-

This paper aims that it is necessary to approach the work culturally in the classical literature education. Because through the classical literature education, we pursue that our learner should reach the level of cultural creation as well as understanding the work essentially. So in this paper it is examined how tragic characteristic is expressed and how it can be applicated in to the literature education. Lim Kyung-up Cheon shows positively that how the fact of the specific history as called Lim Kyung-up merges with the expression-culture. Accordingly when we receive Lim Kyung-up Cheon as the literary work, we should consider the specialty of contemporary culture. Especially, in the field of literature education, this specialty such as tragic characteristic and expression culture is the primary factor of education. At the same time, the universality of Lim Kyung-up Chon as the literary work can be a means to the more abstract and general goal. Because both the sameness and the difference furnish the important framework of education from the viewpoint of the literature education. In the side of the discussion on the expression, it is significant that a certain convention of the expression continues from old times to now and the current audience can reproduce in different way. In the side of the discussion on the reception, it is suggestive that audience can recognize by regarding the culture of enjoying literature as the object and take pleasure in reading again. Consequently, this viewpoint of culture offer the audience not only learning the expression and reception of the work but also the experience of the empathy and appropriation.

성경(星鏡)에 기재(記載)된 별의 동정(同定)

한욱,유경노,Hahn, Wook,Yu, Kyung-Loh 한국천문학회 1974 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.7 No.1

The position and magnitude of 1449 stars listed in "Seoung Kyung" (by Byung Kil Nahm, 1861) are compared with those in modern western star catalogues for their identification. 923 stars out of 1449 stars were identified within the range of accuracy. ${\Delta}{\alpha}{\leq}20^s.0,\;{\Delta}{\delta}{\leq}1'.0\;and\;{\Delta}m=0\;or\;{\pm}1$. When ${\Delta}{\alpha}\;and\;{\Delta}{\delta}$ increased to ${\Delta}{\alpha}{\leq}1^m.\;0,\;{\Delta}{\delta}{\leq}15'.0\;and\;{\Delta}m=0$ or +1, 399 more stars could be included in the list.

경기만 근해에서 풍파의 특성 변화

강기룡,현유경,이상룡,Kang, Ki-Ryong,Hyun, Yu-Kyung,Lee, Sang-Ryong 한국해양학회 2007 바다 Vol.12 No.4

본 연구에서는 경기만 근해 - 격렬비도와 덕적도 해역을 중심으로 - 에서 관측된 파랑 및 바람자료를 이용하여 바람과 파랑의 상호작용을 연구하였다. 2005년 1월에서 12월의 덕적도 부이 관측자료를 바탕으로 바람에 의한 파랑의 발생과 또 발생된 파랑에 의한 바람의 감쇄효과를 계산하였으며, 2005년 3월 19-26일과 5월 23-28일에 격렬비도 근해에서 관측된 자료를 이용하여 파랑이 발달할 때와 잔잔한 상태가 유지 될 때를 나누어 파랑 스펙트럼의 반응형태를 알아보았다. 또한, 시간에 따른 스펙트럼의 형태, 최대 에너지 주파수, 평형 영역의 기울기 등도 분석하였다. 관측풍속 $5-10ms^{-1}$의 범위에서 파랑에 의한 풍속의 감소는 최대 $2ms^{-1}$(응력${\sim}0.1Nm^{-2}$)를 보였고, $10-15ms^{-1}$일 때는 $3ms^{-1}$(응력${\sim}0.4Nm^{-2}$)의 차이를 보였다. 풍속과 파고의 상관분석에서도 관측풍속과 파고의 영향을 고려한 풍속(참풍속)의 경우 선형적인 상관도가 0.71에서 0.75로 약 0.04 정도 상승하였다. 잔잔한 상태에서 파랑이 발생할때 초기에는 4-5초의 단주기 파랑이 형성되고 발달과정을 거치면서 9-10초 주기의 장주기로 이동하며, 최대 에너지 주파주는 일정한 값을 유지하게 된다. 이 상태에 도달하는데 소요되는 시간은 약 6-7시간 정도였다. 또한 스펙트럼의 평형 영역 기울기는 파랑발생 초기에는 변화폭이 존재하나 풍파가 발달하면서 약 4.11의 값으로 접근하였다. 파랑 스펙트럼의 주파수대별 시간 변동과 마찰 속도와의 상관성에 있어 파랑 스펙트럼의 최대 에너지 주파수대 부근에서 높은 상관성을 보이는 경향을 보였으며 0.3 Hz와 0.35 Hz 에서 평균 0.80과 0.82 상관도를 보였다. The wind-wave interaction around the Kyung-gi Bay, Korea, was studied using the observed data from ocean buoy at DeuckJeuck-Do from Jan. to Dec., 2005, and from waverider data at KeuckYeulBee-Do on Mar. 19-26 and May 23-28, 2005. Wind-driven surface waves and wave-driven wind speed decrease were estimated from the ocean buoy data, and the characteristics of wave spectrum response were also investigated from the waverider data for the wave developing and calm stages of sea surface, including the time series of spectrum pattern change, frequency trend of the maximum energy level and spectrum slope for the equilibrium state range. The wind speed difference between before and after considering the wave effect was about $2ms^{-1}$ (wind stress ${\sim}0.1Nm^{-2}$) for the wind speed range $5-10ms^{-1}$ and about $3ms^{-1}$ (wind stress ${\sim}0.4Nm^{-2}$) for the wind speed range $10-15ms^{-1}$. Correlation coefficient between wind and wave height was increased from 0.71 to 0.75 after the wave effect considered on the observed wind speed. When surface waves were generated by wind, the initial waves were short waves about 4-5 sec in period and become in gradual longer period waves about 9-10 sec. For the developed wave, the frequency of maximum energy was showed a constant value taking 6-7 hours to reach at the state. The spectrum slope for the equilibrium state range varied with an amplitude in the initial stage of wave developing, however it finally became a constant value 4.11. Linear correlation between the frictional velocity and wave spectrum for each frequency showed a trend of higher correlation coefficient at the frequency of the maximum energy level. In average, the correlation coefficients were 0.80 and 0.82 for the frequencies 0.30 Hz and 0.35 Hz, respectively.

양악전돌증 환자에서 하악 6전치 후방 이동 시 치료 방법에 따른 하악 경조직과 연조직의 변화: 하악 전방분절골절단술과 발치 교정 치료

김영주,김경아,유용재,유경선,유정민,오주영,김수정,김성훈,이백수,Kim, Young-Joo,Kim, Kyung-A,Yu, Yong-Jae,Ryu, Kyung-Sun,Ryu, Jeong-Min,Ohe, Joo-Young,Kim, Su-Jung,Kim, Seoung-Hun,Lee, Baek-Soo 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2012 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.34 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of anterior segmental osteotomy (ASO) in bimaxillary protrusion (BP) patients by comparison between the mandibular soft and hard tissue changes from orthodontic treatment and ASO. Methods: All 44 patients were diagnosed with BP in Kyung-Hee Medical Center. Orthodontic treatment with teeth extractions were underwent by 23 patients (Group A) and 21 patients underwent ASO (Group B). Mandibular soft and hard tissue changes were measured and evaluated, which were based on the vertical and horizontal reference line in lateral cephalometric radiographs. Statistical significance between the changes and correlation between each measurement were analyzed. Results: The amount of B point movement was lesser than that of the lower incisal tip (LIT) retraction, and LIT was tilted lingually in group A. The posterior movement discrepancy between LIT and B point was insignificant, and the inclination of lower incisor was not changed in group B. The soft tissues, including the lower lip, showed a posterior movement and reduction in the depth of mento-labial groove. According to the correlation analysis, the movement of the lower incisor was significantly related to the movement of the lower lip in group A, and the movement of the lower incisor was significantly related to that of the movement of lower lip, B point and Pog in group B. Conclusion: The orthodontic treatment in BP patients results in posterior tilting movement of the lower incisor, but ASO results in the bodily movement of the lower incisor. Consequently, ASO is more effective in BP cases because it ensures the controlled movement of the lower incisors.

혈관외피종 -1증례 보고-

강유미,지미경,양기화,강석진,김병기,김선무,정수일 대한병리학회 1990 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.24 No.2

스페인계 인명, 지명의 한글표기

유경숙 경성대학교 2000 論文集 Vol.21 No.2

The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic way of tranliterating--some might prefer to call it phonetic transcription in case of Spanish language--Spanish personal and geographic names into Korean according to Korean national transliteration scheme for Sparish.