중국(中國) 장백산(長白山)의 메뚜기목(目) 및 바퀴목(目)

백종철 ( Jong Cheol Paik ),S.Yu스토로첸코 ( S. Yu Storozhenko ),렌빈총 ( B. Ren ),정세호 ( S. H. Jung ) 한국토양동물학회 2007 한국토양동물학회지 Vol.12 No.1

A list of 37 species of Orthoptera and 1 species of Blattoptera collected in western and northern slopes of Mt. Changbaishan in 2000-2007 is given. Two species firstly recorded from China and 8 species are new to the fauna of Jilin province.

미니 임플란트 직경에 따른 피로파절강도의 비교 연구

허유리,손미경,김희중,최한철,정재헌 大韓齒科補綴學會 2012 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.50 No.3

Purpose: This study was conducted to obtain difference in fracture strength according to the diameter of one-body O-ring-type of mini implant fixture, to determine the resistance of mini implant to masticatory pressure, and to examine whether overdenture using O-ring type mini implant is clinically usable to maxillary and mandibular edentulous patients. Materials and methods: For this study, 13 mm long one body O-ring-type mini implants of different diameters (2.0 mm, 2.5 mm and 3.0 mm) (Dentis, Daegu, Korea) were prepared, 5 for each diameter. The sample was placed at 30 from the horizontal surface on the universal testing machine, and off-axis loading was applied until permanent deformation occurred and the load was taken as maximum compressive strength. The mean value of the 5 samples was calculated, and the compressive strength of implant fixture was compared according to diameter. In addition, we prepared 3 samples for each diameter, and applied loading equal to 80%, 60% and 40% of the compressive strength until fracture occurred. Then, we measured the cycle number on fracture and analyzed fatigue fracture for each diameter. Additionally, we measured the cycle number on fracture that occurred when a load of 43 N, which is the average masticatory force of complete denture, was applied. The difference on compressive strength between each group was tested statistically using one-way ANOVA test. Results: Compressive strength according to the diameter of mini implant was 101.5 ± 14.6 N, 149 ± 6.1 N and 276.0 ± 13.4 N, respectively, for diameters 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm and 3.0 mm. In the results of fatigue fracture test at 43 N, fracture did not occur until 2×106 cycles at diameter 2.0 mm, and until 5×106 cycles at 2.5 mm and 3.0 mm. Conclusion: Compressive strength increased significantly with increasing diameter of mini implant. In the results of fatigue fracture test conducted under the average masticatory force of complete denture, fracture did not occur at any of the three diameters. All of the three diameters are usable for supporting overdenture in maxillary and mandibular edentulous patients, but considering that the highest masticatory force of complete denture is 157 N, caution should be used in case diameter 2.0 mm or 2.5 mm is used. 연구 목적: 일체형의 o-ring type 미니 임플란트 고정체의 직경에 따른 파절강도의 차이를 비교하고자 한다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 길이 13 mm의 one body o-ring type의 미니 임플란트(Dentis, Daegu, Korea)를 직경2.0, 2.5, 3.0 mm 각각 5개씩 준비하였다. Instron universal testing machine 에 수직면에서 30도 각도로 샘플을 위치시키고 off-axis loading을 가하여 영구변형이 일어난 하중 값을 파절강도로 하고 5개의 시편의 평균을 구하여 각 직경에 따른 임플란트의 고정체의 파절강도를 비교하였다. 또한, 각 직경마다 3개의 시편을 준비하고 동적하중 피로 시험기를 이용하여, 파절이 발생할 때까지 파절강도의 80%, 60%, 40%의 loading 을 가하여 파절되는 cycle수를 측정하여 각 직경의 피로 파절을 분석하였다. 추가적으로 총의치의 평균 저작력인 43 N의 하중을 가하여 파절되는 cycle 수를 측정하였다. 각 군간의 차이를 검증하기 위해서 일원분산분석(one-way ANOVA test)을 시행하였고, 통계처리는 SPSS ver.12 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA) 을 이용하여 실시하였다. 결과: 직경 3.0 mm 의 미니 임플란트는 평균 276.0 ± 13.4 N의 압축력을 받았을 때 영구 변형이 일어났고 직경 2.5 mm 미니 임플란트가 149.0 ± 6.1 N, 2.0 mm 미니 임플란트가 101.5 ± 14.6 N일 때 영구 변형이 일어났다. 각 군간의 파절강도에는 유의한 차이가 있었다(P<.001). 총의치의 평균 저작력 하중에서 실시한 피로 파절 실험 결과, 세직경 모두 5×106 cycle까지 파절이 일어나지 않았다. 결론: 미니 임플란트의 정적 하중 하에서 최대 압축강도는 직경이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하였다. 최대 압축강도는 세 직경 모두 총의치의 평균 저작력 보다는 크나 최대 교합력보다는 직경 3.0 mm에서만 크게 나타났다. 총의치의 평균 저작력 하중에서 실시한 피로 파절 실험 결과, 세 직경 모두 파절이 일어나지 않았다.

매개적 인물의 형상화와 관조적 리얼리즘의 구현 : 염상섭의 『삼대』론

유철상 현대문학이론학회 2004 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.21

Character is one of the most important components in a novel. Novel is different from drama in that it bring out the totality of objects while drama the totality of movement. Despite the importance of characters in novel, the actual description of characters, compared with drama, is usually subsidiary and peripheral. We can find in Yeom Sang-seop's Three Generations one of the representing examples that illustrate this characteristic of novel. Cho Deok-ki, the main character in Three Generations, is well known for his irresolute character. There is a reason why he is described as an irresolute person. It is due to his in-between position between Cho Ui-gwan who represents the old conservative generation and Kim Byeong-hwa, the new radical generation. If it tis true that a novel is intended to bring out the whole aspect of reality and the process of its transformation, it will be legitimate to say that irresolute Cho Deok-ki, who symbolizes the diverging point between the old and new generations, is a typical character in the genre of novel. In conclusion, the peculiarity of novel lies in the fact that the typical characteristics are to be presented not just in a character but also in the environment. Considering the title of the work, Three Generations, we might say that Cho Sang-hun, who is not introduced at the beginning and turns out to be a degenerated and incompetent person, plays little role in the novel. In the light ot this fact, it is problematic the fact that Part 2 of the novel, where Cho Sang-hun becomes the focus of events, is disintegrated in structure. It is a structural breakdown due to the loss of the central axis. The absence of Cho Doek-ki's character affects the whole structure of the novel. We can also relate the protagonist Cho Doek-ki's character to the author Yeom Sang-seop's middle-class conservatism. The middle-class conservatism that refuses the change or reform of reality and supports maintaining the status quo contributes to stabilizing the whole structure of the work. When we read closely Three Generations in terms of the interaction among characters, we find os much conflic and trickery but no real villain. This is confirmed in the fact that Cho Doek-ki never shows any kind of affection or hatred for any other character in the novel. In the midst of conflict and fight for inheritance, all Cho Deok-ki does is to observe composedly from a distance, understanding the truth of our life. This is what stabilizes the structure of the novel and makes Three Generations to be a masterpiece of the realism.

플로우(Flow)가 배너광고의 지각된 혼잡도와 광고태도에 미치는 영향 : 이용자의 주의에 따른 차별적 효과

이철선,유승엽 한국방송광고공사 2004 광고연구 Vol.0 No.63

인터넷에서는 많은 배너광고가 동시에 제시될 뿐만 아니라 브랜드들이 유사한 경우가 많다. 이는 광고의 지각된 혼잡도(perceived clutter)의 구성요인과 밀접한 관련성을 가진다. 그러나 인터넷은 쌍방향 커뮤니케이션이 가능하여 자신의 의사에 따라 선택적으로 광고를 회피하거나 볼 수 있는 매체이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 인터넷 광고의 지각된 혼잡도를 포함한 광고효과를 반복적인 경험과정 측면에서 그리고 소비자의 통제권이라는 측면에서 살펴보고자 시도되었다. 먼저 본 연구에서는 인터넷 이용자의 주의의 대상에 따라 광고의 지각된 혼잡도와 광고태도에 직접 영향을 미치는 플로우의 역할과 방향성에 대한 연구가설을 설정하였다. 그리고 플로우가 지각된 혼잡도와 광고태도에 미치는 간접적인 경로에서 지각된 행동통제가 매개변수로 작용한다는 연구가설도 설정하였다. 특히 두 번째 경로는 플로우가 광고태도에 미치는 영향이 소비자의 통제권 하에서 이루어진다는 것을 설명하기 위함이었다. 분석결과, 지각된 혼잡도에 영향을 미치는 플로우에 대한 가설은 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 플로우가 광고태도에 미치는 영향에서 지각된 행동통제가 중요한 매개변수로 작용함과 동시에 주의의 대상에 따라 방향성도 차별적인 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 연구결과는 인터넷 광고전략에 유용한 시사점을 제공하리라 기대된다. The previous articles for the perceived clutter in banner advertising has been dealt with what factors effect advertising clutter and relationship between advertising clutter and advertising attitude. But internet is possible media with a two-way communication. So, consumer have the right for control with selective avoidance or selective watching to advertising in internet. Therefore, this article intends to research internet advertising as experience process in the perspective of two-way communication replicated continuously. At first, researchers hypotheses about the effect of flow on perceived clutter and advertising attitude directly in banner advertising. Second, we are especially developed conceptual model considering perceived behavior control, intervening variable, in the relationships between flow, perceived clutter and advertising attitude by a subject of attention in banner advertising. The reason of established second hypothesis is to account for that experience process is accompany with user's emotional feelings by a subject of attention. The results of analysis, hypothesis for the role of flow and perceived behavior control including the possibility for decreasing perceived clutter is verified. And perceived behavior control verified as intervening variable in the relationship between flow and advertising attitude by a subject of attention. The results of study provide the strategic implication in internet advertising strategy.

유럽불법행위법의 통일과 전망

申有哲 忠南大學校 法學硏究所 2004 法學硏究 Vol.15 No.1

Im Zuge der politischen Vereinigung der Europaischen Union (EU) sind zur Zeit vielfaltige Bemuhungen um eine Rechtsvereinheitlichung oder Rechtsangleichung innerhalb des immer großer werdenden Kreises von Mitgliedstaaten der EU festzustellen. Weit vorangeschritten ist in den vergangenen Jahren die Harmonisierung des europaischen Vertragsrechts: Außer zahlreichen Richtlinien der Europaischen Gemeinschaften und einer Reihe bedeutsamer Entscheidungen des Europaischen Gerichtshofes hat bereits die sog. Lando-Kommission auf rechtsvergleichender Grundlage ein allgemeines Regelwerk entworfen, das fur das europaische Vertrgsrecht einen begrifflichen und systematischen Rahmen bieten mochte. Hinzu kommen Initiativen, die auf eine uber Europa hinausreichende Rechtsvereinheitlichung abzielen, wie die Grundregeln der internationalen Handelsvertrage von UNIDROIT, und nicht zuletzt das in internationalen Konventionen niedergelegten Einheitsprivatrecht, wie vor allem das UN-Kaufrecht. Es ist jedoch wiederholt darauf hingewiesen worden, daß eine Vereinheitlichung allein des europaischen Vertragsrechts wenig sinnvoll ist. Denn das Vertragsrecht bildet schließlich nur einen Bestandteil des als eine großere systematische Einheit zu verstehenden Schuldrechts. Es ist deshalb nur konsequent, wenn immer starker auch die gesetzliche Schuldverhaltnisse, insbesondere das Deliktsrecht, in das Zentrum der Bestrebungen um eine europaischen Privatrechtsharmonisierung rucken. Im Jahre 1993 haben Jaap Spier und Helmut Koziol eine Arbeitsgruppe zusammengerufen, die zunachst auch als ?Tilburg-Group“ bezeichnet wurde, sich nunmehr ?European Group on Tort Law” nennt und mittlerweile auf uber zwanzig Mitgliedern angewachsen ist. Als organisatorische Basis dienen der Gruppe das von Helmut Koziol 1999 in Wien gegrundete ?European Centre of Tort and Insurence Law (ECTIL)“ sowie seit 2002 auch die ebenfalls von ihm geleitete ?Forschungsstelle fur Europaisches Schadenersatzrecht der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (ETL)“. Diese Gruppe hat inzwischen im Rahmen der Schriftenreihe ?Unification of Tort Law“ mehrere bedeutende Forschungsergebnisse zu den wichtigen Einzelthemen des Deliktsrechts veroffentlicht und auf dieser rechtsvergleichenden Grundlage die ?Principles of European Tort Law“, also den allgemeinen Teil des europaischen Deliktsrechts, ausgearbeitet. Die Endfassung dieser Principles liegt nun seit 15. Oktober 2004 festformuliert vor; sie soll mit Kommentaren versehen und moglichst im Lauf des Jahres 2005 in Buchform publiziert werden. Ebenfalls mit der Ausarbeitung von Grundregeln eines europaischen Deliktsrechts befaßt sich eine Arbeitsgruppe in Osnabruck unter der Leitung von Christian von Bar, der sich zunachst an der Arbeit der European Group beteiligt und spater 1999 die ?Study Group on a European Civil Code“ initiiert hat. Diese Study Group versteht sich als Nachfolgeorganisation der Lando-Kommission und soll deren Arbeitsergebnisse fur die bislang nicht erfaßten Bereiche des Vermogensrechts erganzen. Die Arbeiten eines Entwurfes des europaischen Deliktsrechts werden von einem aus jungen Wissenschaftlern bestehenden Arbeitsteam in Osnabruck durchgefuhrt. Es liegt zwar ein Entwurf vor, doch sind großere Teile des bisher ausgearbeiteten Textes noch nicht endgultig. Diese Abhandlung behandelt deshalb haupsachlich die ?European Principles of Tort Law“ der European Group; der Entwurf der Study Group wurde dabei nur gelegentlich und zur Vergleichung beider Texte berucksichtigt. Im Inhalt dieser Abhandlung wurde zunachst der jeweilige Text der Principles ins Koreanische ubersetzt; daran anschließend sind die wichtigen Standpunkte der Principles kurz kommentiert worden. Die Gliederung dieser Abhandlung entspricht auch der der Principles, namlich (1) Grundnorm, (2) Schaden, (3) Kausalitat, (4) Verschuldenshaftung, (5) Gefahrungshaftung, (6) Haftung fur andere Leute, (7) Einrede im Allgemeinen, (8) Mitverschulden, (9) Haftung mehrerer Personen und (10) Ersatz des Schadens. Die Vereinheitlichung des europaischen Rechts hat schließlich das Ziel, die Rechte der drei Ursprungslander der okzidentalen Rechtskultur, namlich von England, Frankreich und Deutschland, begrifflich und systematisch zu harmonisieren. Dieser Vorgang ist ein großes und einmaliges Ereignis in der Geschichte der Rechtswissenschaft und muß eine uber Europa hinausgehende Wirkung haben. Deshalb hat nicht nur die Republik Korea, die nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg das deutsche Rechtssystem ubernommen hat, sondern jedes Land, das ein europaisches Recht rezipiert hat, diesen Vorgang der europaischen Rechtsvereinheitlichung genau zu beobachten und daraus gegebenenfalls Schlußfolgerungen fur die kunftige Rechtsentwicklung des eigenen Landes zu ziehen.

온도변화가 교정용 니켈-티타늄 호선의 상-변태에 주는 영향

이유현,임범순,이용근,김철위 大韓齒科器材學會 2003 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.30 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change of phase transformation and mechanical properties of orthodontic Ni-Ti wire by temperatures changes (0 ℃, 20 ℃, 37 ℃ and 60 ℃) using three-point bending tests and to investigate the phase transformation behavior by microstructure analysis and X-ray diffraction in greater detail. The transition temperature range (TTR) of orthodontic Ni-Ti wires was analysed by DSC for the reference of proportion of martensite to austenite matrix. From this study the following results were obtained. In SM group, as the temperature decreased to 20 ℃ and 0 ℃, superelasticity loop showing at 37 ℃ in load-deflection curve disappeared and the critical load of stress induced martensite transformation decreased (p<0.01). In SE group, the load increased as the temperature increased as the temperature increased under certain temperature (p<0.01). From the microscope, the proportion of stripe-shaped martensite plate to austenite matrix was higher in NEO, active martensite alloy, than OPTI, the active austenite alloy. The (002) peak indicating martensite phase clearly appeared when the temperature decreased to -20 ℃ in NEO from the X-ray diffraction spectra. This study indicated that mechanical properties of orthodontic Ni-Ti wires were substantially affected by temperature and we could expect the biological response in periodontal ligament by load fluctuation of wires tied in bracket induced by temperature variation.

항정신병약물 악성증후군에서 말초신경병증을 보인 환자 1례

서유나,강철중 부산대학교 병원 암연구소 2009 부산대병원학술지 Vol.- No.25

短杭의 引拔低抗力과 SCALE EFFECT에 關한 實驗的 硏究

李裕根,尹龍喆,李炯來 진주산업대학교 1992 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

本 實驗은 杭의 직경을 변화시킨 경우 短杭의 引拔低抗力 實驗的으로 考察했다. 다음은 杭基礎의 引拔低抗力 實驗을 행한 결과를 요약한 것이다. 引拔低抗力과 變位量과의 關係에 있어서 地盤의 다짐정도에 따라 전체적 경향이 다르게 나타났다. 이는 전단대발생 Pattern의 차이가 원인인 것으로 생각할 수 있었지만 여기에 대한 상세한 것은 금후 발표할 예정이다. 그리고 地盤의 다짐정도가 클수록 限界 引拔低抗力은 根入深에 대해서 一次函數的으로 증가했지만 杭의 직경이 클수록 감소했다. 이는 杭의 Scale effect가 원인인 것으로 생각할 수 있지만 금후 상세한 검토를 행할 필요가 있다. 本 實驗에 있어서는 杭의 直徑 43㎜경우를 제외하면 Loose sand상태에 대해서만 實驗을 행하고 지금까지 연구발표된 결과를 토대로 고찰을 행했지만 금후 Dense sand 상태에서의 실험도 행할 필요가 있다. 또 실제 전단대발생에 의한 진행성파괴에 대해서 상세히 고찰할 필요가 있다. The uplift capacity and the scale effect of short piles are important to the rational design of pile foundation. Therefore, this paper discribes the results of an experimental consideration on the uplift capacity and scale effect of short pile. The Pile used in the pull-out test is the cylindrical concrete piles. Pile diameter is 43㎜, 66㎜ and 83㎜. The pile length of embedment is 20㎝~40㎝. Pull-out tests were carried out using sand have two densities : loose these results, the following conclusions were obtained : The rate of increase in ultimate uplift capacity become larger due to the increase in the pile length of the embedment and the unit weight of sand. The larger the pile diameter is, the larger ultimate uplift capacity increases. The larger the pile diameter is, the smaller ultimate uplift capacity per unit area decreases.

Earth Anchor의 인발저항력에 관한 연구

이유근,김우중,윤용철 진주산업대학교 1994 論文集 Vol.33 No.-

This paper describes the results of an experimental consideration on the uplift capacity of the earth anchor. The earth anchor used in pull-out test is the cylindrical steel with plate and eight earth pressure cells(No.1~No.8). The plate diameter is 120㎜ and embedment ratios(L/B; L=length of embedment, B=diameter) are 1, 2 or 3, Also, we investigated surface displacement of the test ground using two gap sensors. Pull-out test were conducted for dry sand of soil placed at a density of loose. From the results, the following conclusions were drawn ; Uplift capacity of anchor becomes larger due to the increase in the L/B. The earth pressure act upon the upside of the anchor plate is different in according to place of earth pressure cell and L/B. That is to say, the earth pressure of No.1 or No.2 (earth pressure cell) increases as time goes by until the anchor pull-out completely, but the earth pressure of No.3(L/B≤2) becomes smaller No.1 and No.2 after the rate of increase of the earth pressure decreased by boundary a point of time. The intersecting point of the ground(sand) surface and the end of shear bed is about 15㎝(L/B=1), 21㎝(L/B=2) or 27㎝(L/B=3) by distance from anchor center.

M2M-MIB를 이용한 분산구조 CNM

이유경,김장형,송왕철 濟州大學校 工科大學 産業技術硏究所 1997 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.8 No.2

Recently, Virtual Private Network(VPN) services are widely used to establish enterprise networks. The enterprise networks may be distributed locally and have been used to be in the form of leased lines of the public networks. However. VPN provides more efficient ways of establishing enterprise networks than ever. VPN services are provided depending upon contracts between the VPN provider and the customer, and the tariff can be asked only on the basis of usage. In addition. to meet various demands of customer, the VPN provider supplies the management information and supports the limited managing rights for the related public network resources. The coustomers be able to manage their own VPNs. Nowadays, trends toward implementing asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technologies for public and/or private networks have been increasing and CNM has been also considered in the ATM network environment. ATM Forum provides M3 Specifications for the CNM, but VPN services across the several public networks are not considered. Therefore, in this paper, a distributed architecture of CNM using M2M-MIB is proposed and implemented using the UT-SNMP, package of University of Twente.