Direct effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in elderly population in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: A case-control study

Kim, Jong Hun,Chun, Byung Chul,Song, Joon Young,Kim, Hyo Youl,Bae, In-Gyu,Kim, Dong-Min,Choi, Young Hwa,Jun, Yoon Hee,Choi, Won Suk,Kang, Seong Hee,Kwon, Hyun Hee,Jeong, Hye Won,Kee, Sae Yoon,Hur, Jia Elsevier Ltd. 2019 Vaccine Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>While herd effects and serotype replacement by childhood pneumococcal protein conjugated vaccines (PCVs) continues to accumulate worldwide, direct effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) against pneumococcal diseases in the elderly has been challenged. We estimated the direct effectiveness of PPV23 in the elderly population.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>For a hospital-based case-control study, cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (NBPP) (adults ≥ 65 years) were identified in 14 hospitals participated in the pneumococcal surveillance program from March 2013 to October 2015, following implementation of PPV23 national immunization program (NIP) for the elderly in the Republic of Korea. Controls matched by age, sex, and hospital were selected at ratios of 1:2 (IPD) or 1:1 (NBPP). Clinical data and vaccination records were collected. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1-adjusted odds ratio) × 100.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>We enrolled 148 IPD and 557 NBPP cases, and 295 IPD and 557 NBPP controls for analyses. Overall effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 28.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) −5.8%–51.6%] and against NBPP was 10.2% (-15.1-30.6) in all patients ≥ 65 years. However, in subgroup analysis of patients aged 65–74 years, PPV23 was protective against IPD [effectiveness 57.4% (19.4–77.5)] and against NBPP [effectiveness 35.0% (2.3–56.7)]. Furthermore, serotype-specific effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 90.6% (27.6–98.8) for PPV23-unique serotypes and 81.3% (38.6–94.3) for PPV23 serotypes excluding serotype 3.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>This study indicates that PPV23 with broad serotype coverage might be beneficial in preventing IPD and NBPP due to non-PCV13 serotypes in the young-elderly, with potentially increasing effectiveness in the setting of childhood PCV NIP.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> National immunization program for PPV23 for the elderly was implemented in Korea. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was effective against IPD and NBPP for young elderly patients aged 65–74. </LI> <LI> Effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was higher for PPV23 unique serotypes. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was non-protective against IPD caused by PCV13 serotypes. </LI> </UL> </P>

여드름 환자에서의 경구 레티노이드(Roaccutane^(�))의 치료 효과

김종율,김성진,이지범,이승철,원영호 全南大醫大 2000 전남의대학술지 Vol.36 No.2

ZnO:AI 과 ITO 투명전도막을 이용한 플랙시블 DSCs의 변환효율 특성

정기영,김지훈,성열문,곽동주,추영배 경성대학교 공학기술연구소 2010 공학기술연구지 Vol.16 No.-

In order to investigate the possible application of ZnO films as a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) electrode for film-typed dye sensitized solar cell(F-DSC), ZnO:Al films were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering method. The effects of gas pressure on the structural and electrical properties of ZnO films were mainly studied experimentally. F-DSC using either a ZnO:Al or indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode were also fabricated separately under the same manufacturing conditions. The electro-optical conversion efficiency and fill factor of the F-DSCs using both ZnO:Al and ITO transparent conducting electrodes were measured and compared with each other. ZnO:Al films showed the minimum resistivity of 2.6 x10^(-3)Ω-cm and a transmittance of 91.7% under the experimental conditions of doping concentration of 2 wt% of Al₂0₃ and gas pressure of 5mTorr. ITO films fabricated at 5mTorr of gas pressure also showed the minimum resistivity of 1.5x10^(-3)Ω-cm and transmittance of 92.1%. Although the electrical resistivity of ZnO:Al is higher than that of ITO, the conversion efficiency of F-DSC using ZnO:Al was comparable with that of F-DSC using ITO. The conversion efficiency of F-DSCs using ZnO:Al and ITO electrodes are about 2.8% and 2.9%, respectively.

한국인 모발과 내부장기조직간 Cd, Hg, Pb 및 Zn함량의 상호관련성

유영찬,이상기,양자열,김기욱,이수연,정규혁 한국환경독성학회 2002 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.17 No.1

In order to study the relationships between trace element concentrations of hair and internal organs, autopsy samples of hair, liver, kidney cortex, kidney medulla, heart, lung, spleen, cerebrum, testis and bone from 162 Korean subjects were analyzed for Cd, Hg, Pb and Zn by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. High significant positive correlations were found between the Cd concentration in hair and bone and Pb in hair and lung. Hair Hg levels were highly significantly correlated with organ Hg levels in the liver, kidney cortex, kidney medulla, heart, lung, spleen, cerebrum, testis and bone. And hair Zn levels were highly significantly correlated with organ Zn levels in the kidney cortex, kidney medulla, spleen, testis and bone.

응력-변형 거동 예측을 위한 탄소성 구성모델의 비교

문창열,박병수,조영묵 三陟大學校 1999 論文集 Vol.32 No.2

This paper is results of numerical analysis to investigate stress-strain behavior of sandy soils. Tree different constitutive relationships of Modified cam-Clay Model, Hyperbolic Model and Lade's Double-Work-Hardening Model were applied to predict stress-strain behavior of them. For each model, constitutive relations as well as parameters governing stress-strain behavior were programmed numerically. Weathered granite soil, tests were carried out with rich in Korea, and Ju Mun Jin Standard Sand were used as specimen of sandy soil. Stress-strain behaviors of these soils were obtained by performing isotropic compression and drained triaxial compression tests. For Weathered granite soil, tests were carried out with three different water contents determined on the basis of compaction test results. Four different relative densities were used with Ju Mun Jin Standard Sand. Numerically Predicted results with three different models were compared with tested results. Therefore applicability and problems of each model were discussed. Numerical analysis about sensitivity of parameters was also performed to investigate how these parameters influenced stress-strain behavior of sandy soils.

풍진항체 검사법의 신뢰도에 관한 연구 : Comparison of the Methods between the Abbott RUBAZYME kit and the Abboutt IMx Automated Analyzer

신영전,최보율,최은주,박항배 한양대학교 의과대학 1995 한양의대 학술지 Vol.15 No.2

Abbott Rubazyme and Abbott IMx, which are most used to prevent Rubella IgG and IgM thesedays, were evaluated for their reliability. Both methods were tested on 305 women, 287 and 18 number of each pregnant and non-pregnant women, in Yangpyong county from March 1993 through September 1993. In addition, they had 14. 3 weeks of pregnant period and 25.8 of average age. It appeared that there was a significant correlation between the titers of Rubazyme and IMx for Rubella IgG (Coefficient Correlation 0.6167, p=0.000) but not for IgM(C. C. 0.0668, p=0.245). Additionally, the correlation coefficient of the two methods for IgG titer of 1st and 4th quartile, 0.6829, p=0.000, were higher than that of 2nd and 3rd, 0.4600, p=0.000, So does IgM : 0.1081, p=0.181 for ist and 4th quartile and 0.0230, p=0.780 for 2nd and 3rd quartile. The agreement rate of positivity was 92.5% for IgG and 99.0% for IgM. The kappa index for IgG was 0.51338. The agreement point of titer, where the number of a people who showed positivity for IgG in IMx test and that in Rubazyme kit test became equal, was 31.3 IU/ml, which was 315% of the original point, 9.949 IU/ml. The agreement rate of both tests for 1gG was decreased to 92.13% but the kappa index was increased to 0.66869 in rasing cut off point of the IMx up to 31.3 IU/ml. Abbott Rubazyme and Abbott IMx tests play important roles in determining the infection of pregnant women and even the prevention of deformation of child and artificial abortion. However, since these two methods turns out not to be reliable to be used through this experiment, physicians should examine the reliability of both methods, and even the possibility of technical errors of them before actual use.

외과적 보조의 급속상악확장술 : 치험 5예 REPORT OF 5 CASES

박충열,이용욱,송종운,김영운,박홍주,오희균,유선열,이기현,황현식 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2002 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.24 No.1

Five adults (3 cases of bilateral posterior crossbite, 2 cases of unilateral posterior crossbite) with intermaxillary discrepancy of over 5㎜ due to maxillary transverse deficiency were treated by surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME). Bilateral maxillary horizontal osteotomies, osteotomies of pterygomaxillary junction and anterior lateral nasal wall, ans anterior palatal osteotomy were performed in 4 cases, and unilateral osteotomies in 1case, followed by palatal expansion with tooth-borne orthopedic applicance. No significant complication was observed. The mean palatal expansion was 7.2㎜ (5.8∼10.0㎜) in the maxillary first molar region. During the mean follow-up period of 4 years (5 months∼8 years 7 months), no recurrence of crossbite was observed in all cases. The SARME seemed to be a simple, stable, and reliable procedure for achieving a permanent increase of over 5㎜ in skeletal maxillary transverse width of adults.

산업용로봇과 CNC 가감속을 위한 FPGA 설계

하영열,전재욱 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1997 論文集 Vol.48 No.1

Many techniques for velocity profiles of industrial robots and CNC machine tools have been proposed in order to make industrial robots and CNC machine tools perform given tasks efficiently. Since they should be calculated in a limited time, most of them are not computationally intensive. In particular, some of the previous techniques calculate velocity profiles with hardware techniques for the reduction of calculation time of velocity profiles. However, these techniques cannot generate velocity profiles having some kinds of velocity profiles. This paper proposes a FPGA design to be able to generate velocity profiles which cannot be generated by previous hardware techniques as well as velocity profiles generated by them. Simulation results of VHDL programs for FPGA will be explained how to generate typical velocity profiles for the given condition.

공황장애에서 Paroxetine 단기약물치교가 심리적 상태에 미치는 영향

이소영,김지혜,김율리,강은호,이동수,유범희 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.3

糖尿白鼠의 大腿動脈 微細血管吻合 後 內皮細胞의 再生에 관한 硏究

김영재,류선열 전남대학교 치과대학 1990 전남치대논문집 Vol.2 No.1

Recently, Diabetic patients are increasing in the field of microvascular surgery. Diabetes mellitus is known to be related to arterial damage, platelet malfunction and thrombus formation. After microvascular anastomosis, delayed repair and vascular occlusion occurred more frequently in diabetic state. This study was performed to investigate the patency rate and process of endothelial healing after microvascular anastomosis of femoral artery in diabeitc rat by scanning electron microscopy. The animals were divided into two groups, 20 diabetic-induced and 20 non-diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced with a injection of Streptozotocin(50㎎/㎏ b.w., Sigma Chemical Co.) to tail vein. The results were obtained : 1. Macroscopically, anastomotic site was intact except a few cases showed minimal inflammatory sign around the wound site. But the inflammatory change was frequently occurred in diabetic-induced group. 2. The patency rate was 95% (19/20) in non-diabetic group and 65% (13/20) in diabetic-induced group. 3. In the non-diabetic group, anstomotic region was mostly endothelized by the alignment along the long axis of vessel but stitchs were not covered with endothelial cells. The thickening of vessel wall was not observed. 4. In the diabetic-induced group, anastomotic region was not endothelized but covered with blood cellular components and connective tissue instead of endothelial cells. The thickening of the vessed wall was prominent in some diabetic-induced rats. These results suggest that diabetes was related to delayed regeneration of endothelium of vessels after microsurgical anastomosis.