CRT용 電子銃의 制御電極 口徑 및 電極間隔 이 빔 스포트 크기에 미치는 影響

李茂永,楊英根,金南虎 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1991 연구보고 Vol.19 No.1

In the electron gun of a CRT, the physical construction of beam forming region exhibts vital effect on the size of beam spot. In this paper, the characteristics of beam size, which is a function of aperture diameter of grid G₁and gap distance G₂ and G₃, are presented based on a series of experiments conducted by the author on the 12 inch monchrom CRTs. It has been confirmed that the smaller aperture of G₁ with the lower beam current generally assures the sharper beam spot and that the optimal combination for obtaining the smallest beam spot size on the screen is 0.35mm aperture on G₁ and 0.30mm gap between G₂ and G₃, if all other conditions remain unchanged.

생쥐 위장관의 Interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC)에 대한 면역조직화학적 연구

김영철,차경훈,신무경,임건한,김주영,안병수,김장만,양경철,박도영,오재욱,장인엽 조선대학교 2003 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.28 No.1

Background and Objectives : Interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC) are the pacemakers in gastrointestinal tract that modulates gastrointestinal motiliey and these cells also transmit neural input from enteric nerves to smooth muscles. Recent work on tissues from patients with motility disorders that suggest that loss or defect in ICC could be related to pathophysiology in human and animal models. Immunolabelling of ICC in intestinal wall is recently developed by using specific marker, anti-c-kit antibody. Immunohistochemistry was done for ICC network in attempt to provide a morphological basis for the mechanism regulating gastrointestinal motility Methods : Cryosection was done, and whole-mount preparations of mouse stomach, gastrointestinal tract were immunolabelled using the anti-c-Kit. Immunolabelled ICC networks were observed under a confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results : According to three dimensional reconstruction study, we found that the c-Kit-positive celluar networks were widely distributed in the gastrointestinal muscle (1) circular muscle layer(IC-IM), (2) myenteric plexus(IC-MY), (3) deep muscular plexus(IC-DMP) in ileum, (4) submucosal plexus(IC-SMP) and longitudinal muscle layer(IC-LM) in colon. Conclusion : The characteristic profiles of ICC celluar networks provide a morphological basis upon the mechanism regulating gastrointestinal motility. Additional studies for the enteric nerves-ICC interaction are need to evaluate the detailed roles of Icc in gastrointestinal tract.

인터넷 이용 환경, 개인적 스트레스와 대처양식, 가정환경, 부모양육태도가 문제적 인터넷 사용 청소년군에 미치는 영향

조인희(In Hee Cho),김순재(Soon Jae Kim),장은영(Eun young Jang),정건(Gun Jung),서동혁(Dong Hyuck Suh) 대한사회정신의학회 2002 사회정신의학 Vol.7 No.2

연구목적: 최근 수년사이 인터넷 이용인구의 폭발적인 증가와 더불어 인터넷의 문제적 사용과 연관된 개인의 기능영역, 가정생활, 사회적 영역에서의 문제가 점차 증대되고 있다. 이에 인터넷 사용에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 다음의 세가지 요인, 즉 인터넷 사용 장소 (환경적 요인), 개인의 스트레스와 대처양식(개인적 요인), 가족의 분위기와 부모양육태도(가정 요인)가 문제적 인터넷 사용에 미치는 영향을 평가하고 이를 통하여 적절한 치료적 개입을 찾고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 남녀 고등학생 795명을 대상으로 먼저 인터넷 사용장소에 따른 인터넷 사용실태 설문조사를 시행하여 사용 장소에 따라 인터넷의 문제적 사용의 정도 및 성향의 차이를 비교 분석하였다. 두번째로 Young의 인터넷 중독척도를 사용하여 대상군을 중독 군과 비중독군으로 구분한 뒤 스트레스 척도, 대처양식 척도, 가정환경척도 중 관계영역척도, 부모양육행동척도를 실시하여 이러한 변인들이 인터넷 중독에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 결 과: 집에서 인터넷을 사용하는 군이 PC방을 이용하는 군보다 유의하게 높은 중독점수를 보였으며 인터넷을 시작한 시기는 더 늦은데 반해서 사용빈도나 사용시간이 유의하게 더 높았고 사용조절에서도 더 많은 어려움을 보였다. 중독수준에 따른 각 요인들의 비교분석결과 중독군 남학생에서 스트레스 점수가 유의하게 높았으며 대처양식에서 중독군이 비중독군에 비해 행동적극적 대처와 회피적 대처가 유의하게 높았다. 가정환경척도에서 중독군의 가족간 결합력, 표현력점수는 유의하게 낮고 갈등점수는 유의하게 높았으며 부모양육행동에서 중독군이 아버지의 합리적 설명과 애정은 적고, 부모 모두의 비일관성, 과잉기대, 과잉간섭, 학대와 방치하는 양육행동이 유의하게 더 높았다. 결 론: 본 연구 결과 PC방보다는 집에서 인터넷을 사용하는 청소년들이 인터넷의 문제적 사용으로 이행될 수 있는 빈도나 사용행태 에서의 문제점들이 더 많이 드러나는 바 부모들의 적절한 감독과 관심이 요구되며 중독군에서 일상에서 지각되는 개인의 스트 레스는 높으나 대처양식에서는 부정적, 회피적 전략을 많이 사용하며 가정환경이나 부모양육태도에서도 부정적이고 비지지적 환경을 일관되게 보고하고 있음을 볼 수 있다. 그러므로 청소년의 문제적 인터넷 사용 자체를 문제시하고 금지하기 이전에 개인의 스트레스 요인을 살피고 부모, 가족이 지지적 환경을 제공하도록 돕는 것이 인터넷 사용상의 문제에 대한 포괄적이고 일차예방적 효과를 가질 것으로 기대된다. Objectives:This study was intended to investigate the influences of the place for internet use, perceived stress, copying style, family support, parenting behavior on maladaptation in the adolescents with problematic internet use. Methods:The subjects of this study were 795 high school students in Incheon. They completed self-report questionnaires containing Questionnaires designed by authors, Young’s Internet Addiction Scales, Scales for the Perceived Stress, Copying Style, relationship sub-scales of Family Environment Scale and Parenting Behavior Inventory. Results: 1) Compared with the PC bang users, personal computer users at home had significantly higher mean addiction scores, spent more time for internet use, and had more difficulty with self-control. 2) Addictors, especially male addictors had significantly higher stress scores than non-addictors. 3) Addictors had significantly higher behavioral coping scores and avoidant coping scores than non-addictors. 4) Addictors had significantly higher family conflict scores, lower family cohessiveness scores and lower family expression scores than non-addictors. 5) Addictors experienced significantly less affection and reasoning from their father than non addictors. In addition, addictiors perceived significantly more physical abuse, intrusiveness, over-expectation, neglect, inconstancy from both parents than non addictors. Conclusion:Compared with the PC bang users, personal computer user had higher risk for problematic internet use. So they need more parent monitoring and help. Addictors had more daily stress, but used avoidant strategy to cope their stress and experienced less supportive family environment and negative parenting behavior than non-addictors. We recommend that parents pay attention to their adolescent’s stress factors and make effort to give the supportive environment and positive parenting behaviors.

미중 갈등 시대 중국어 교수법의 새로운 방향

박건영 淸州大學校 韓國文化硏究所 2024 人文科學論集 Vol.67 No.-

中美冲突后,韩国的汉语教育大幅下滑。在教育领域,培训时间明显减少,随着学习时间的减少,需要修改教育目标和授课管理基调。本文从这个角度出发,提出问题并提出修改建议,重新设定教育目标。这一教育目标提出了汉语作为外语, 如“对外汉语”学习观念的转变。据此修改的教学方法, 其方向如下。 首先,向汉语初学者提议汉字的延迟学习。因为汉字学习时间长, 所以建议争先使用汉语拼音字母,以此代替,训练听力与口语是,能提高学习的初期效果,这方向更有效率。另外,只有确保拼音教育,才能获得今后在电脑上更容易写汉字,输入汉字的优点。 其次,建议实施层次性、循序渐进的学习。这些层次是根据汉字的频率和单词用法来划分的。使用HSK试题就是逐步积累所使用的汉字和表达方式,以便将适合当前缩减学习条件的量传递给学习者。 最后,教师和学习者都强调了数字文明的加速发展给外语学习带来的变化的认识,比如如何利用‘人工智能’的这一趋势。

고정밀 연삭기용 주축시스템 설계

편영식,이건범,박정현,요꼬이 요시유끼,여진욱,안건준,곽철훈 한국공작기계학회 2003 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.12 No.3

Any one of the high precision spindle systems and guide way systems, the high stiffness of structure, the error compensation during assembly, high accuracy control system is inevitable technology for development of high precision machine tools. Especially, among these, design of spindle system is one of the most important technologies leading high precision of machine tool and high quality of manufactured products. A high speed and high precision spindle system which will be used for final machining of ferrule, is designed considering the effect of heat, cutting torque, cutting force, and work-piece materials. The detailed design and analysis process are presented.

농촌 청소년의 식품 기호도와 영양 섭취 실태와의 관계

이건순,유영상 동아시아식생활학회 1997 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.7 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mutual relationship between food preference and nutrient intake status of high school students, based on the their personal characters which are sex, age, family type, number of family, mother's age, occupation, and school career. 439 students were selected with random stratified cluster sampling method. The study used a self-administrated questionnaire and 24-hour recall method for 5 days as instrument tools. Statistical methods applied to analyze the data were frequency, percent, Willcoxon Rank-sum test, Kruskal-Wallies test, χ²-test by contingence table, and Spearman's correlation coefficient in non parametric statistical methods. Some of interesting results are as follows : 1. The correlation between sex and the set of characters of mother's age, school career and income is highly significant. However there is no any significant difference on the kinds of job and the types of family. 2. The relation between the preference of main dishes and the nutrient intake show a significant difference except to the noodles. This marks that preference of main dishes shows a direct proportion with the nutrient intakes except for the fat, vitamin A, vitamin C. 3. The preference of animal food marks a direct proportion with the nutrients such as energy, protein fat, fiber, phosphorus, iron, vitamin B₁, vitamin B₂, and niacin. 4. The preference of vegetable food gives some influence on the nutrient intake but the preference of soup is insignificant, the preference of Kimchi is in reverse proportion, and the preference of vegetable marks a direct proportion with the nutrient intake. 5. The preference of snacks marks a direct proportion with all kinds of nutrients intake except for the vitamin A, and vitamin C.

청경채의 엽 형질에 대한 유전분석 : Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Jusl

김영호,이병군,강대성 한경대학교 2005 論文集 Vol.37 No.-

In order to obtain the genetic information on some leaf characters in pak-choi(Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Jusl), diallel cross was conducted using 9 cultivars, and F1, F2 and BC1F1 hybrid lines were developed. Qualitative and quantitative genetic characters related to the three cropping patterns, spring at field, spring in polyethylene film house, and fall at field, were investigated. The results are as follows: 1. A major element related to the expression of leaf green color, and the complementary gene affecting the leaf color at the stage of pigment development were supposed to exist. 2. Heredity of leaf shape was controlled by one major gene that partially dominant, and the oval type was expressed as a dominant at crossing of oval(CR-Cheongdo) with round(Bangjucheong), oval(CR-Cheongdo) with round(Choseonghwakyeong). 3. Inheritance of plant types, erect, semi-erect, and spread, was affected by single gene and the expression of dominant effects increased in order of erect>semi-erect>spread. 4. Heterosis of leaf length, leaf width, midrib length, midrib width and midrib thickness was highly expressed in all cropping patterns. Some characters such as leaf length, number of leaves, midrib length, midrib width, midrib thickness and fresh weight per plant showed significantly positive heterosis at the spring field cropping. The same effect was observed in leaf length, leaf width, midrib length and midrib thickness at the spring in polyethylene film house cropping, and in leaf length, leaf width, leaf shape index, midrib length, midrib width, midrib thickness and fresh weigth per plant at the field cropping in fall. 5. Estimated as a mean heterosis and a heterobeltiosis effects(%), an increase in fresh weigth per plant was attributed to the increase of midrib thickness, midrib width, midrib length, leaf length and leaf width characters. These effects were more significant at the field cropping in fall than spring cropping. Also, hybrid lines showed more late bolting character compared to their parents.

가스크로마토그래피/질량분석법에 의한 최적화 유도화 과정을 통한 Atrazine의 새로운 분석방법 개발

박승건,김승진,유영재,이용일 昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2003 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.15 No.-

Pesticides, with their high degrees of toxicity constitute a very impOrtant group target compound in environment samples. The use of many pesticides has been restricted or even banned while several years bemuse of their long residue times, persistence and bio-accumulation. Atrazine was derivatized using a single-step procedure by N,O-bis(trimathylsilyl)-acetamide acetonitrile in various solvent systems such as methanol, ethyl acetate, pyridine, and tetrahy&ofuran(Tl). The variables selected for study were the amount of reagents, the temperature and reaction times. The elelctron impact ionization mass spectra of the resulting derivatives are acquired and properly interpreted. Under the optinaized gas chromatographic conditions employed, an enhanced (3 times) peak height and an improved peak shape without any tailing. The purpose of this study was the development and application of GC-MS method for efficient analysis of atrazine.

Methazolamide와 Acetazolamide 복용 후 유발된 천식 1예

이건화,이영목,김양기,김기업,어수택,박춘식 대한알레르기학회 2004 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.24 No.2

국내 호중구감소성 발열 환자에게 경험적 항진균제로 투여한 Amphotericin B deoxycholate와 Itraconazole 주사제의 비용-확인분석 : 예비보고

이동건,송영구,유진홍,최수미,최정현,박선희,신완식 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.5

목적 : 진균감염이 점차 증가되고 있고 이를 치료하기 위한 비용 역시 증가하고 있지만 국내에서는 비용분석에 대한 연구가 거의 없는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 호중구감소성 발열 환자에게 경험적 항진균제로 amphotericin B deoxycholate (ABV)혹은 정맥내 itraconazole (ITZA)을 투여할 때의 약물경제학적 측면을 후향적으로 비교해보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 같은 반응률을 보인다고 가정한 비용-확인분석 모델을 이용하여 가톨릭대학교 조혈모세포이식센터에서 혈액종양으로 항암치료 혹은 조혈모세포이식을 시행한 환자를 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. 항진균제 투여에 대한 정보는 기존에 출판된 논문 및 학회 심포지움자료를 참고하였고, 논문에서 얻지 못한 정보는 가톨릭대학교 성모병원 의무기록실, 정보지원팀, 진료비관리팀의 협조를 받아 2003년 6월 1일부터 11월 30일까지의 자료를 분석하였다. ITZA에 대한 자료는 2003년 11월 제한적으로 1차 약제로 사용할 수 있게 되었던 때의 자료와 경험을 참조하였다. 결과 : 320명의 환자 중 149명(46.5%)에서 경험적 항진균제를 사용하였고 평균 투여일수는 ABV 17.0일, ITZA 9.8일이었다. 이상반응 발현율은 ABV 54%, ITZA 5%였다. ABV 투여환자 중 11명 (7.4%)에서 혈액투석을 평균 6.5일간 시행하였다. ITZA 투여시 간독성으로 혈장분리반출술, 인공간 등이 필요한 경우는 없었다. 경험적 항진균제를 ABV로 시작한 군(ABV군)은 1인당 1,229,495원, ITZA로 시작한 군(ITZA군)은 1인당 1,434,605원이 소요되어 ITZA군에서 205,110원 (16.7%)이 더 소요되었다. 평균 16일간 항진균제를 사용하여 1일 12,819.4원의 차이가 있었다. 결론 : 비용-확인 분석법에서 ITZA군이 ABV군 비해 하루 12,819.4원의 비용이 더 소요되었다. 비록 ITZA군에서 비용이 더 들었지만 1일 약가차이인 4.7배와 비교하여 많이 감소하여 항진균제의 비용을 1일 약가로 비교하는 것보다는 재원일수, 이상반응 발현율 등을 고려하는 총입원비용으로 약물경제학을 비교하는 것이 더 합당할 것으로 사료된다. 그 외에 환자의 예후, 삶의 질, 사회적 간접비용 등을 고려하는 전체적인 약물경제학을 비교하는 잘 계획된 전향적 연구가 추가로 필요하겠다. Background : The increasing incidence of systemic fungal infections and the rising medical cost have focused the need to determine the economic issues of antifungal agents. Nevertheless there have been only few reports about the cost analysis in Korea. We retrospectively investigated to compare the pharmacoeconomic aspects of amphotericin B deoxycholate (ABV) with those of intravenous itraconazole (ITZA) in the empirical treatment of febrile neutropenic patients. Materials and Methods : Through the cost-identification analysis model, on the presumption that two groups would show identical response, we collected data of patients who received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or chemotherapy in Catholic HSCT center from Jun 1, 2003 to Nov 30, 2003. The literatures about information on antifungal therapy were extensively reviewed. Other unpublished information was provided by information assistant team, cost management team, and medical record unit in the same hospital. Results : Empirical antifungals were given to 149 out of 320 patients (46.5%). The average duration of administration were 17.0 days for ABV and 9.8 days for ITZA. The rates of adverse events were 54% and 5% for ABV and ITZA, respectively. Eleven (7.4%) patients given ABV received hemodialysis for 6.5 days in average. Among patients given ITZA, none developed hepatotoxicity requiring plasmapheresis or artificial liver. It cost 1,229,495 won/patient for the ABV group (starting ABV as empirical antifungal agent) and 1,434,605 won/patient for the ITZA group (starting ITZA as empirical antifungal agent) which was 16.7% more expensive than ABV group. When we compare the average daily cost for 16 days, the ITZA group spent 12,819.4 won/patient/day more than the ABV group. Conclusion : The cost-identification model in this study revealed that ITZA group cost more than ABV group. However, the difference in expense decreased when 1 day-cost was compared (4.7 times greater than ABV). It would be more reasonable to consider the total cost of anti-fungals during the hospitalization rather than 1 day cost in considering pharmacoeconomics. Well designed prospective study considering prognosis of patients, quality of life, and indirect social cost should be warranted.