Efficiency for extracting icariin from Epimedium koreanum Nakai by temperature and solvent variations

Baek,Hum-Young,Lee,Young-Sang 한국자원식물학회 2003 Plant Resources Vol.6 No.3

To improve industrial scale extraction method for extraction of icariin from Epimedium koreanum Nakai, the yields under different extracting conditions such as solvent, temperature, duration and solvent to plant material weight ratio were compared. Regarding extracting solution, highest extracts and icariin yield could be achieved when 10% EtOH was used. In case of plant material to extracting solvent ratio, no significant differences could be observed from 1/10 to 1/50, indicating 1/10 was the most efficient. Extracting temperature significantly affected extracts and icariin yields in that 90℃ increased the collected extracts and icariin contents up to 29.6% and 0.76%, respectively, compared to 27.2%, 0.33% at 70℃. The yield of extracts was less dependent upon extracting temperature compared to icariin yield. Regarding extraction time, 4 hr and 6 hr resulted in high extracts and icariin yield, respectively. We found extracting Epimedium koreanum Nakai in 10 times volume of 10% EtOH for 4 and 6 hr at 90℃ seem to be relatively efficient methods for extracts and icariin, respectively.

노화가 인체 중간엽 줄기세포로부터 조골세포로의 증식 및 분화에 미치는 영향

백기현,태현정,오기원,이원영,조정기,권순용,강무일,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구,김춘추 대한내분비학회 2003 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.18 No.3

연구배경: 일반적으로 골다공증과 연관된 위험인자로는 연령, 폐경, 약물, 불충분한 칼슘섭취, 만성질환 및 운동부족 등이 있는데, 특히 노화가 진행할수록 골밀도가 감소하는 것은 잘 알려져 있다. 노화와 관련하여 진행되는 골소실은 조골세포 및 전구조골세포의 기능적 결핍에 의한 골형성의 감소가 주요한 요인으로 여겨지고 있다. 그 동안 연령이 조골모 세포의 양과 조골모 세포로부터 성숙조골세포로의 분화 및 증식에 미치는 영향에 대한 일부 보고들이 있었으나 아직 일치된 견해는 없는 형편이다. 방법: 다양한 연령의 사람으로부터 골수를 채취, 중간엽 줄기세포가 포함된 단핵세포를 분리한 후 조골세포로 분화하기 좋은 조건하에서 배양하였다. 대상군은다시 젊은군과 노령군으로 구분하여 다양한 변수를 비교 분석하였다. 일차배양에서는 CFU-F를 계수하여 골수내 중간엽 줄기세포의 수를 추산하였고, 칼슘측정을 통하여 기질의 무기화 정도를 비교하였다. 계대배양후 이차배양에서는 시기별로 알카리성 포스파타제 활성도를 측정하고 오스테오칼신 mRNA의 발현을 관찰하여 젊은군과 노령군 사이의 증식능 차이를 비교하였다. 또한 이차배양 시기별로 MTT 측정을 하여 양군간에 증식능 차이가 있는지 알아보았다. 결과: 1. 일차배양 15일째에 평균 CFU-F의 수는 젊은군에서 유의하게 많았다(젊은군 148.3±28.9, 노령군 54.3±9.1, p=0.02). CFU-F의 평균면적은 젊은군에서 넓은 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 2. 일차배양 17일 경과 후 양군간에 기질 칼슘 침착정도는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(젊은군 103.6±50.6, 노령군: 114.0±56.5, p=NS). 3. 이차배양 10일째에 젊은군에서 알카리성 포스파타제 활성도가 고령군에 비해 유의하게 높았다(젊은군: 935.5±115.0 U/mg, 노령군: 578.4±115.7U/mg,p.0.05). 고령군에서는 시간 경과에 따른 변화가 미약했으며 전반적으로 알카리성 포스파타제의 활성도가 젊은군에 비해 낮았다. 4. 이차배양도중 오스테오칼신 mRNA의 발현은 배양시기별로 젊은군에 비해 고령군에서 더 낮은 경향을 관찰할 수 있었다. 5. 이차배양 10일과 15일에 젊은군에서 노령군보다세포증식이 유의하게 증가된 양상을 보였다(10앓 젊은군 0.73±0.05, 노령군 0.58±0.04, p=0.05, 15일; 젊은군 0.80±0.05, 노령군 0.70±0.03, p=0.05).결론: 이상의 연구에서 저자들은 노령군에서 젊은군보다 골수 내 중간엽줄기세포의 수가 적고, 노령군에서 유래한 전구조골세포의 성숙조골세포로의 증식 및 분화가 젊은군 보다 감소해 있는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. Background: Osteoblasts originate from osteoprogenitor cells in bone marrow stroma, termed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or bone marrow stromal cells. Each MSC forms colonies (colony forming units-fibroblasts [CFL-Fs]) when cultured ex vivo. There are some reports about the age-related changes of the number and osteogenic potential of osteoprogenitor cells, but any relationship has not been clearly established in humans. In this study, we counted MSCs using CFU-Fs count and examined the proliferative capacity and differentiation potential of osteoprogenitor cells. Finally, we analyzed how these parameters varied with donor age. Methods: Bone marrow was obtained from the iliac crest of young (n=6, 27.2±8.6 years old) and old (n= 10, 57.4k6.7 years old) healthy donors. Mononuclear cells, including MSCs, were isolated and cultured in osteogenic medium. In primary culture, we compared the colony-forming efficiency of MSCs between the two groups and determined the matrix calcification. When primary culture showed near confluence, the cells were subcultured. Alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin expression by RT-PCR and proliferative potential by MTT assay were examined by the time course of secondary culture. Results: At the 15th day of primary culture, the mean number of CFU-Fs was significantly higher in the younger donors (young: 148.3±28.9, old: 54.3±9.1, p=0.02) and the mean size of CFL-Fs was also larger in the younger donors than the older donors. However, matrix calcification was not different between the two groups (young: 103.6±50.6, old: 114.0±56.5, p=NS). In secondary culture, alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly lower in the older donors. The younger donors showed peak alkaline phosphatase activity at day 10, while the older donors didn't showed a remarkable peak (young: 935.5±115.OU/mg, old: 578.4±115.7U/mg, p<0.05). Total cell number as a proliferative index increased progressively during the secondary culture and a significantly greater cell number was noted in the younger donors. Osteocalcin expression was generally upregulated in the younger donors, but this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our study shows that the number of osteoprogenitor cells is decreased during aging and that the proliferative capacity and differentiation potential of osteoprogenitor cells seem to be reduced during aging (J Kor SOC Endocrinol 18:296-305, 2003).

도시공학 핵심과목의 심화교육 프로그램 개발에 관한 연구

이완영,백기영,김영환,장세봉 永同工科大學校 1996 硏究論叢 Vol.2 No.1

본 연구는 핵심과목 요목의 작성과 난이도별 문제은행의 지도과정, 핵심과목에 대한 자율학습 문제은행을 데이타베이스화하여 상시 활용화 추구, 교수와 학생의 상호 협동시스템에 의한 학습방법론 도출을 시도하였다. 시론적 성격에 한정되어 있긴 하나 본 연구는 협동시스템을 기반으로한 자율학습모형을 구축함으로써 학습과 교육효과 제고, 협동심과 선의의 경쟁을 매개로 하는 생활구현, 취업대비 등의 목표에 기여하는데 의의가 있다. This paper examines that drawing up a syllabus of core courses and an item pool classified by the degree of difficulty, and that inquiring practical use an databased item pool, and that proposing study method by cooperative system between students and professors. The result of this study is expected to contribute to studying, life, and taking up an occupation by constructing autonomous study model founded the cooperative system.

취업 및 국가기술자격 취득 증진 방안 연구

이완영,백기영,김영환,장세봉 永同大學校 1997 硏究論叢 Vol.3 No.1

본 연구는 도시공학 전공 학생의 국가기술자격 취득 및 취업, 진학 등에 필수적으로 요구되는 도시공학 관련 기초지식을 연마하고 전공지식을 심화 교육함으로서 산·학·연 연계체계에 기초하여 도시공학 전공 학생의 취업증진을 도모하기 위한 종합적이고 구체적인 방안을 모색하고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 사회수요에 부응하기 위한 기술교육의 강화, 국가기술자격 취득 제고, 현장실습제도 등 3가지 측면에서 취업증진을 위한 추진실적 및 문제점을 점검하고 이에 대한 향후 개선방안을 모색하고자 하였다. The purpose of this study is to search for the comprehensive and concrete methods of increasing the graduates' employment based on both fundamental and advanced knowledge concerned urban engineering major. For this , existing condition, problems and improvement of students employment are searched in 3 view points such as strengthening of technical education to follow the social demands, enhancement of acquisition of the national qualifying examination and making the best of the field training system.

대학생의 스포츠 활동 참가유형에 따른 자아존중감 및 건강통제소재의 관계

박주영,김지연,이준우,백승옥 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.6

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between self esteem and health locus of control in sports participation type of university students. The subjects of the study was selected by stratified cluster random sampling method from the sports participation located in Seoul ' Kyung-Ki area in universty students. Among them 400 students are contacted as sampies to be studied. 29 of them are not reviewed because of untimely response and doubted sincerity of their answers. The author used questions from Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale SES (10 Questions, 1965, translated, edited and standardized by Kim, gui-bong, Kim, young-soo, Kang, sung-gu, Park, joo-young, Kim, young-ho, 1999) and Wallston, Wallston and DeVellis Multidimentional health Locus of Control Scale (18 Questions, 1978) to analyze the sample with statistical calculations including descriptive statistics analysis, one-way ANOVA, multiple correlation analysis for the study. The study conclusions from this study summarized as follow: First, there were differences in university students sports participation type depending on their characteristics such as sex, height, and weight. Second, the sports participation type among university students has a significant difference on the self-esteem. Third, the sports participation type among universty students has a significant difference on the health locus of control(internal health locus of control). Forth, there is some relationships between mental-health and body-consciousness in sports participation type of university students.

Rat의 복강내에 투여한 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

강대영,송규상,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

For more effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy, the authers made 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite disks(FU-PGA disks) with 5-fluorouracil and polyglycolic acid, a biodegradable polymer. We inserted the FU-PGA disk into the peritoneal cavites of Sprague-Dawley male rats, the control and three experimental groups; one FU-PGA disk insert group(300mg/kg), two FU-PGA disk insert group(600mg/kg), and three FU-PGA disk insert group(900mg/kg). The control group received a similar number of PGA disk inserts. A pharmacokinetic study was performed to measure the 5-fluorouracil concentration in the peritoneal fluid, blood, and tissues(liver, kidney and heart) at 24 hours, 72hours and 168 hours after insertion of the FU-PGA disk. Light and electron microscopic studies were done. The results were as follows: 1) The number of white blood cells and platelets decreased after FU-PGA insertion. The degree was proportional to the duration and amounts inserted. The change in the number of red blood cells varied slightly. 2) Light microscopically, slight changes were noted at 168 hours in the 3 disk insert group (900mg/kg). Mild fatty change and hepatocyte degeneration around the central veins of the liver were noted, with vacuolar degeneration in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. 3) Electron microscopically,the liver showed focal increases of lipid droplets in the hepatocytes, and irregular nuclear membrane with focal nucleolar segregation of the fibrillar and granular elements. Also the double membranous structure of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells was widened with bleb formation. The kidney showed wide separation of the nuclear double membrane in the proximal convoluted tubular cells and mesangial cells, with vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the proximal convoluted tubular cells, at 72 hours and 168 hours in the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. The heart showed focal loss of cristae,vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. In conclusion, despite the large amont of FU-PGA inserted, the histopathological changes in the liver, kidney and heart were slight, and consonant with the very low amount of 5-fluorouracil concentrations detected in the liver, kidney and heart. The above results suggest that the FU-PGA composite can serve as a new device for releasing drugs in a controlled manner and easily targeted to intraperitoneal organs. This device can improve the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

무청시래기를 첨가한 추어 떡갈비의 개발 및 품질특성

유지영 ( Ji Young You ),진금용 ( Jinlong Chen ),임종준 ( Jong Jun Lim ),박지인 ( Ji In Park ),백서준 ( Seo Jun Baek ),최준호 ( Joon Ho Choi ) 한국산업식품공학회 2021 산업 식품공학 Vol.25 No.4

이번 연구는 남원식 추어탕의 주재료인 추어와 무청시래기에 대한 인식개선과 이를 이용하여 젊은 연령층의 기호도에 적합한 분쇄육 제품을 개발하고자 추진되었다. 떡갈비 주원료인 돈육과 우지의 15%를 추어 페이스트로 대체한 추어 떡갈비를 대조구로 사용하였으며, 대파의 일정비율(25%, 50%, 75%, 100%)을 무청시래기로 대체하여 추어와 무청시래기가 첨가된 떡갈비 시료를 제조하였다. 무청시래기를 첨가한 떡갈비는 가열·조리 후 pH와 당도는 각각 6.07-6.28과 9.94-10.9로 시중에서 유통되는 떡갈비의 개별 특성에 적합하였다. 가열·조리에 따른 가열감량은 대파를 사용한 대조구에 비하여 대파를 무청시래기로 대체한 떡갈비 시료에서 유의적으로 낮았지만 무청시래기의 첨가량에 따른 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 가열 전과 가열·조리 후 무청시래기를 첨가한 떡갈비의 수분함량은 모두 대조구 보다 높았으며 이는 무청시래기의 식이섬유가 육가공품의 보수성을 높여 가열감량을 감소시킨 것으로 판단되었다. 대파를 무청시래기로 대체한 떡갈비 시료의 명도(44.5-47.8)는 시료 간의 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않은 반면 적색도(0.77-4.97)와 황색도(6.92-12.8)는 무청시래기의 첨가량에 따라 유의적으로 감소하였다. 떡갈비 시료에 대한 TPA 결과, 부착성은 대파를 무청시래기로 대체한 떡갈비 시료에서 대조구보다 유의적으로 낮아졌으나 경도, 응집성, 검성, 씹힘성에서는 대조구와 무청시래기를 첨가한 시료 간에 유의적인 차이를 확인할 수 없었다. 무청시래기가 첨가된 떡갈비 시료에 대한 관능적인 평가에서 색, 연도, 다즙성에서 대조구보다 낮은 점수를 받았다. 전반적인 기호도 역시 무청시래기가 첨가되지 않은 대조구에서 가장 높은 점수를 받았으나 무청시래기를 첨가한 시료에서는 대파의 50%를 대체한 시료에서 높은 점수를 받았다. 무청시래기 자체가 지닌 특유의 향미는 관능적인 평가에서 확인되지 않았으며 전자코를 이용한 향기패턴 분석에서도 낮은 분별지수(-90)로 시료 간의 향기패턴 차이를 확인하기 어려운 수준이었다. 이번 연구를 통해 떡갈비의 제조에서 대파를 대체하는 무청시래기의 함량은 25-50%가 적절하였으며 무청시래기와 추어가 지닌 특유의 맛과 냄새로 인한 영향을 받지 않는 떡갈비를 개발함으로써 향후 남원지역의 향토음식과 연계되는 새로운 메뉴개발이 가능하게 되었다. This study was performed to develop tteokgalbi suitable for young-aged individuals by using mudfish and radish greens, major ingredients of Chueo-tang. Mudfish-tteokgalbi (control), in which 15% of the meat and tallow was replaced with mudfish paste, was used while substituting 25 to 100% of the green onions with radish greens. The pHs and sugar contents of the tteokgalbi developed in this study were 6.07-6.28 and 9.94-10.9, respectively, and it was suitable for tteokgalbi sold in the market. Replacing green onions with radish greens while manufacturing tteokgalbi significantly reduced the color (a and b values) and weight loss during cooking compared to the control. Replacing green onions with increasing quantities of radish greens also significantly reduced the adhesiveness of the samples in the texture profile analysis. Although the overall acceptability of the control was the best, the ideal quantity of radish greens as a substitution for green onions appears to be 25-50%. The unique flavor of the supplemented radish greens was indistinguishable in the sensory evaluation and the principal component analysis with an electronic nose. Finally, radish greens were confirmed as a good ingredient for manufacturing tteokgalbi together with mudfish paste.

Caffeine이 지구성 운동 수행능력에 미치는 영향과 억제성 아미노산에 의하여 활성화되는 이온통로의 조절작용

김은경,김영표,천병옥,이계영,김연정,임백빈,조영욱,김창주,김성수 대한스포츠의학회 1999 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

To investigate the effect and mechanism of caffeine on endurance exercise, two experiments were performed. First, to test caffeine effect on aerobic exercise, 200-300g Sprague-Dawley rats were used and three groups, control group, low caffeine injection group and high caffeine injection group, were divided. Blood smpling by heart puncture were done at rest, after 30 min treadmill exercise, and after maximal exercise. Blood glucose, free fatty acid concentration were detected and following results were obtained. Glucose concentration showed significant difference between groups(p=0.0305) and also significant changes were exhibited between time(p=0.0004). Free fatty acid concentration had no difference between groups. but had significance between times(p=0.00065). Exercise endurance performance time showed significant difference(p=0.02350 in high caffeine injection group compared to control group. In this experiments, endurance exercise capacity was increased by caffeine injection. Therefore, second experiment was performed to investigate the effect of caffeine on ion current induced inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter. GABA and glycine. Single periaqueductal gray neuron was acutely dissociated and nystatin perforated patch clamp was performed under voltage clamping condition. Caffeine evoked outward current in PAG neuron dose dependent manner. 1mM of caffeine application had no response. but 3mM caffeine evoked about 32.5±8.539pA outward ion current and 10mM caffeine evoked about 215.46±19.4pA outward current. 10^-2mM GABA activated Cl￣current and recorded by inward current. Caffeine inhibited GABA activated Cl￣ current concentration dependent manner. 10^-2mM of caffeine had no effect on 1-^-2mM of GABA response. but 10^-1mM caffeine inhibited GABA activated Cl￣ current about 5.74±2.13%, 1mM caffeine inhibited about 17.25±2.70%, 10mM caffeine inhibited GABA response about 45.31±7.71%. 10^-1mM of glycine activated Cl￣ current and also recorded by inward current. Caffeine inhibited glycine activated Cl￣ current concentration dependent manner. 10^-2mM caffeine decreased glycine activated Cl￣ current about 4.61±1.650%, 10^-1mM caffeine decreased about 6.49±2.24%, 1mM caffeine decreased about 26.82±4.27%, and 10mM caffeine decreased glycine response about 94.47±1.39%. These results suggest that caffeine inhibite inhibitory amino acid, GABA and glycine, this response causes excitation of CNS and this seems to be the basic mechanism of increasing effect to aerobic exercise performance by caffeine.

백서의 복강내에 투여한 Mitomycin-C-Polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

송규상,강대영,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준목,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

To evaluate the in-vivo effects of mitomycin-C-polyglycolic acid composite(MMC-PGA) the disk: shaped composite were implanted into the peritoneal cavity of the Sprague-Dawley rats. The pathologic changes were examined at various time points up to 12 weeks. Initially the soft tissue around the inserted disks showed capillary congestion at 3 days. Inflammatory infiltrates with foreign body giant cells appeared from the 2nd week and reached peak response at 6-8 weeks. These reaction diminished prominently at 12 weeks. No specific pathologic change was found in the liver, the kidneys, and the heart. The above results suggest that the MMC-PGA composite can serve as a new device for intraperitoneal chemotherapy of various types of cancers.

외국인근로자 정책 및 법제개선에 관한 연구 - 독일의 외국인근로자 법제를 중심으로 -

백종인 ( Jong In Baek ),설재영 ( Jae Young Seol ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2007 고려법학 Vol.0 No.49

Korea is going to be faced with the aging society within years. That means our society will lack of economically active population because of an increase in the number of older people soon. The age composition of Korea is expected to move from one of mainly young people who can work to one in which the number of older people will outnumber the young. it is also expected that by 2050 the number of aged people will be doubled compared with the young. We can not help overcoming this problem through foreign workers. So Korea took "the foreign industrial trainee system" to accept the international movement of human capital and then has operated this system with changing into working permit system since August 2004. Germany had experienced the need of work force with the rapid economical renaissance and introduced the industrial trainee system to solve this problem in 1950`s. However, with the principle of circulated introduction of foreign workers in 1964, this system had no meaning of great importance anymore. In 1970`s, being abolished this system because of the increased cost for introducing new work forces, foreign workers could hold the permanent residentship legally possible for inviting their family members who lived their mother countries. Despite an action suspending the recruitment for unskilled foreign work force was operated in 1973, since then, the permanent residence system had been criticized. Through a series of policies for introducing the foreign workers, Germany became an immigrant country. Korea enacted the Act for Employment Foreign Workforce and operated the employment permit system in August 2004. However, this policy has many problems such as legal loopholes, lack of rationality of the act and mass-production of illegal sojourners. Therefore, this paper comparatively examines German statutes relating to the foreign workers and our employment permit system and seeks legal and political problems of our systems. And then, it suggests some practical ways to reform these problems.