한국인에서 일광 노출의 유해성에 대한 인지도와 일광 차단제의 이용 행태에 대한 연구

김상태,김기호,오선진,이승철,강세훈,윤재일,김진준,박석범,김홍용 대한피부과학회 1999 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.37 No.6

Background: Although deleterious effects of sunlight have been increased recently, the surveillance of the attitudes toward sun-exposure and the behavioral aspect of using sunscreens in Koreans has hot been carried out. Objective: Our purpose was to evaluate the attitude toward the harmfulness of sun-exposure and behaviors of using sunscreens in Korea. Method: Five hundred and fifty-two subjects were surveyed to assess the attitude toward sun-exposure, as well as the subjects knowledge about, and the use of sunscreens. Underlying data including demographic data, skin colors, skin types, occupation, and sun-exposure, were obtained. Results: Fifty-four percent of subjects believed that sun-exposure is bad for their skins, but, on the contrary, 12.5% believed it to be beneficial. Fifty-two percent of subjects used sunscreens. Almost all subjects(93.8%) knew why to use sunscreens but 62.7% of subjects did not know the meaning of sun protective factors(SPF). Women, indoor workers, subjects less than 40 years old, with less sun-exposed, fair colored skin, or with skin type I, II, III tended to know the deleterious effects of sunlight and the meaning of SPF and used more sunscreen. Conclusion: High risk population-men, outdoor workers, subjects oider than 40 years old, with more sun-exposed, dark colored skin, or skin type VI, V could be targeted with campaigns that promote attitudinal and behavioral changes.

The Efficacy and Safety of 4-n-butylresorcinol 0.1% Cream for the Treatment of Melasma: A Randomized Controlled Split-face Trial

( Sun Young Huh ),( Jung Won Shin ),( Jung Im Na ),( Chang Hun Huh ),( Sang Woong Youn ),( Kyoung Chan Park ) 대한피부과학회 2010 Annals of Dermatology Vol.22 No.1

Background: Melasma is a common acquired symmetrical hypermelanosis that occurs on sun-exposed areas, and it is frequently observed among women. Various treatment modalities have been tried, but none are completely satisfactory. 4-n-butylresorcinol, which is a resorcinol derivative that has an inhibitory effect on both tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1, was introduced in 1995 and it has received increasing attention as a new hypopigmenting agent. However, the hypopigmenting effect of 4-n-butylresorcinol in human subjects has only been shown in a few studies. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the hypopigmenting efficacy and safety of 4-n-butylresorcinol 0.1% cream for the treatment of melasma. Methods: Twenty patients with melasma were enrolled to this randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, split-face comparative study. The patients were instructed to apply 4-n-butylresorcinol 0.1% cream or vehicle to each side of the face twice daily for 8 weeks. Mexameter measurements were performed along with photography at baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Adverse events were observed and recorded throughout the study. Results: All the patients completed the study. Mexameter measurements demonstrated that the melanin index of the treated side showed a significant decrease when compared with that of the vehicle-treated side after 4 weeks (p=0.006) and after 8 weeks (p<0.0005). All the adverse reactions were mild and transient. Conclusion: 4-n-butylresorcinol 0.1% cream showed rapid efficacy and it was well tolerated when used for the treatment of melasma. (Ann Dermatol 22(1) 21∼25, 2010)

변색 실활치에 대한 carbamide peroxide gel의 표백효과

박선아,김선호,황윤찬,오병주,윤창,박영준,정선와,황인남,오원만 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.4

The bleaching of discolored nonvital teeth is conservative treatement that satisfy the cosmetic desire. The most common method for this treatement, walking bleaching, is using 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate. Many alternatives are suggested for preventing the external cervical root resorption that is the common complication of the nonvital teeth bleaching with 30% hydrogen peroxide. The same extent of oxidation reactions as that resulted by the bleaching with the application of 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate can also be acquired more safely by materials that contain 10% carbamide peroxide, used primarily for the bleaching of vital teeth. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of 10% and 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel in nonvatal teeth bleaching. The internal bleaching of intentionally discolored teeth was performed in vitro with 10% carbamide peroxide (Group 1), 15% carbamide peroxide (Group 2), mixture of distilled water and sodium perborate (Group 3), and mixture of 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate (Group 4). The bleaching materials were refreshed following 3, 6, 9 and 12 days. To evaluate the bleaching effect, the color change of the crowns was measured at 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 15 days of bleaching using the colorimeter. The results were as follows : 1. L^* and ΔE^* values were increased with time in all bleaching agents(p<0.01). 2. There was no significant difference in L^* and ΔE^* value among bleaching agents. 3. Δ^* value higher than 3 was shown after 3 days of bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide gel, 1 day with 15% carbamide peroxide gel, 4 days with mixture sodium perborate and distilled water and 4 days with mixture sodium perborate and 30% hydrogen peroxide, respectively. These results revealed that the use of 10% and 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel in non-vital teeth bleaching is as effective as mixture of distilled water and sodium perborate and mixture of 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate. Accordingly, carbamide peroxide could be used clinically to bleach discolored non-vital teeth.

KMT-2017-BLG-0165Lb: A Super-Neptune-mass Planet Orbiting a Sun-like Host Star

Kil Jung, Youn,Gould, Andrew,Zang, Weicheng,Hwang, Kyu-Ha,Ryu, Yoon-Hyun,Han, Cheongho,Yee, Jennifer C.,Albrow, Michael D.,Chung, Sun-Ju,Shin, In-Gu,Shvartzvald, Yossi,Zhu, Wei,Cha, Sang-Mok,Kim, Dong American Astronomical Society 2019 The Astronomical journal Vol.157 No.2

부모양육태도와 자존감이 학교폭력 가해행동에 미치는 영향 특성화 고등학교를 중심으로 -

박선주 ( Park Sun Joo ),조휘연 ( Cho Hui Youn ),황선정 ( Whang Sun Jung ) 한국사회복지경영학회 2019 사회복지경영연구 Vol.6 No.1

본 연구의 주된 목적은 학교폭력 가해 경험이 있는 특성화 고등학교 학생들의 부모 양육태도가 학교폭력 가해 행동에 미치는 영향과, 자존감이 학교폭력 가해행동에 미치는 영향, 부모의 양육태도가 자존감에 미치는 영향 및 학생들의 학교폭력에 대한 인식을 분석하는데 있다. 연구대상은 총 122명으로 학교폭력 가해 경험이 있는 특성화 고등학교 남학생과 여 학생(남자 101명 여자 21명)이었다. 측정도구로는 부모양육태도와 배경정보에 대한 것은 Barber(1997)의 척도를 토대로 문항을 재구성하여 다시 제작한 김해영(2000)의 척도와, 자존감 측정도구로는 Rosenberg(1965)의 자존감 척도를 이춘진, 원호택 (1995)이 번안한 한국판 척도를 사용하였고, 학교폭력 가해 경험은 김준호, 김선애(2003)가 개발하고 김언지 (2004)가 수정 보완한 학교폭력 경험 측정도구 중 가해경험 문항을 사용하였으며, 학교폭력에 관한 인식은 김범수(2009)의 설문을 질적 문항으로 수정 보완하여 사용하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부모의 양육태도가 학교폭력에 미치는 영향을 분석해 본 결과, 부모의 양육태도 중에 자율이 높아질수록 학교폭력은 낮아진다고 나타났다. 둘째, 부모의 양육태도가 자존감에 미치는 영향을 분석해 본 결과, 부모의 양육태도 중에 신뢰가 높아질수록 자존감이 높아진다고 나타났다. 셋째, 자존감이 학교폭력에 미치는 영향을 분석해 본 결과, 자존감은 학교폭력에 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 응답하였다. 넷째, 특성화 고등학교 학교폭력 가해 경험이 있는 학생들의 학교폭력에 대한 인식을 분석해 본 결과 학교폭력이 매우 심각하다고 가장 많이 응답하였으며, 보통, 미응답, 심각하다의 순으로 나타났다. 학교폭력의 주도적인 해결자로는 당사자가 가장 많은 응답을, 학교, 미응답, 경찰, 친구의 순으로 나타났다. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of parenting behavior on school violence behavior of students of specialized high schools with experience in school violence, the impact of self-esteem on school violence behavior, the impact of parenting attitude on self-esteem, and the perception of school violence on students. A total of 122 students were subject to the study, with boys and girls from specialized high schools (101 men and 21 women) with experience in committing school violence. For measuring instruments, parents' adoptive attitudes and background information are based on Barber (1997), Kim Hae-young (2000) reconstructed and recreated based on Barber (1995), and Rosenberg (1965V s self-esteem measures were used by Lee Chun―jin and Won Ho―taek (1995),while Kim Sun-joon (1995) developed a Korean version of a school violence experience. The results of the analysis are as follows. First,after analyzing the impact of parental attitudes on school violence, it was found that the higher the self-esteem, the lower the school violence. Second, after analyzing the impact of parental attitudes on self-esteem, the higher the level of confidence among parents' attitudes, the higher the level of self-esteem. Third,after analyzing the impact of self-esteem on school violence, the results showed that self-esteem does not affect school violence. Fourth, after analyzing the perception of school violence by students with experience of committing school violence in specialized high schools,the school violence was most said to be very serious, in the order of normal,unresponsive and serious. As the leading solver of school violence, the parties responded the most,followed by schools,non-response, police and friends.

여름 캠프활동에 관한 연구 : 서울여대 부속유치원 여름 캠프활동을 중심으로

민행난;최윤선;최인경;민혜원;임양선;이윤희;이상희 서울여자대학교 1998 아동연구 Vol.3 No.-

[초록없음]

백서에서 Depulpin®과 Formocresol에 대한 치수와 치근단 조직의 반응

문형인,김선호,황윤찬,오병주,황인남,김선헌,정선와,윤창,오원만 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.4

One fifth dilution of formocresol is usually for pulpotomy of the primary teeth and emergency pulpotomy of the permanent teeth. However, the use of formaldehyde has been subjected to criticism because it may be absorbed into the blood stream and become distributed systemically, it may also alter the pulp tissue rendering it immumologically active, and have carcinogenic potential. Recently Depulpin®(VoCo., Germany) gains popularity as a devitalizing agent during root canal therapy in spite of high concentration of 49% paraformaldehyde because it facilitate devitalization of pulp and make root canal therapy easier. But there have been not enough publications about the reaction of pulp and periapical tissue caused by Depulpin. This study was performed to evaluate the histological changes in pulp and periapical tissue of rats after pulpotomy using formocresol and Depulpin and to elucidate the toxic effects of these agents. Thirty six Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of ketamine. Maxillary first molar teeth were used for pulpotomy with formocresol and Depulpin. Rats were sacrificed after 2 days, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks respectively. Specimens were histologically observed by light microscope changes in pulp and periapical tissue. The obtained results were as follows. 1. Formocresol group A zone of fixed tissue, in which odontoblasts could clearly be defined, was present directly underneath the pulpotomy dressing in almost all teeth of this group. This was followed by an area of necrotic tissue which resembled dried out fibrous tissue with no cellular detail except some pyknotic nuclei. In the specimens of after 2 days, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks in which vital tissue was present. it was separated from the fibrous area by a zone of inflammation. In the specimens of after 3 weeks and after 4 weeks, inflammatory infiltrate was in the periodontal ligament adjacent to the apical foramina of the teeth. 2. Depulpin® group The area of necrotic tissue which had no cells and fibers , was present adjacent to the dressing. This was followed by dried out fibrous tissue with no cellular details except some pyknotic nucleli. A short stump of vital pulp with odontoblasts was present at the end of the canal after 2 days. Inflammatory infiltrate was in the periodontal ligament after 4 days and after 1week. Severe root resorption and necrosis of periapical tissue opposite the root resorption site were defined after 2 weeks and after 3 weeks. Periapical lesion which consist of necrotic tissue surrounded by a fibrous connective wall. was found after 4 weeks. The results indicated that Depulpin can cause more adverse reaction to the dental pulp and periapical tissue than formocresol, and further studies are needed for its clinical use with safety.

항우울제의 타액분비 감소효과에 대한 세포내 칼슘증가제의 영향

윤재현,류선열 전남대학교 치과대학 1995 전남치대논문집 Vol.7 No.1

Tri-and tetra-cyclic antidepressants are known to cause dry mouth among other several major complications. The present study was designed to compare the degree of reduced salivation due to antidepressants and to explore whether intracellular calcium-increasing agents ameliorate the salivation. Effects of antidepressants and agents increasing intracellular calcium on the cholinergic submandibular secretion and blood flow induced by the chorda stimulation or intra-arterial acetylcholine were observed in anesthetized cats. Effects of antidepressants and calcium-mobilizing agents on K% efflux were also observed in excised gland slices. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Salivary secretion in response to the chorda stimulation(3 V, 20 Hz, 1 msec) was significantly attenuated by antidepressants in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the blood flow was not affacted. 2. Salivary secretion and increased blood flow evoked by intra-arterial acetylcholine(20 ㎍/㎏) were markedly diminished by antidepressants, the magnitude of which was amitryptyline>imipramine>mianserin in order. 3. Cholinergic salivation was significantly decreased by cyclopiazonic acid, a calcium pump inhibitor of the endoplasmic reticulum, or by BAPTA/AM, a specific intracellular calcium chelator. 4. Caffeine and ryanodine potentiated the cholinergic salivation and ameliorated the depressed salivary secretion due to antidepressants. 5. Calcium ionophore A23187 ameliorated the depressed salivation due to antidepressants. 6. Antidepressants inhibited the K^+ efflux, which were restored by caffeine or A23187. These results suggest that the depressed salivary secretion due to antidepressants is ameliorated by increasing intracellular calcium levels.

자기교시 언어치료전략을 사용한 문장지도 프로그램이 정신지체아동의 언어능력에 미치는 효과

윤선연,권도하 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2004 再活科學硏究 Vol.22 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 자기 교시 언어치료 전략을 사용한 문장 지도 프로그램이 정신지체 아동의 언어 능력에 미치는 효과를 증명하는 것이다. 본 실험은 3명의 피험자에게 40분 한 세션으로 일주일에 4회 지도하였다. 실험은 사전, 치료, 유지의 세 단계로 구성되었으며 AB 실험설계를 이용하였다. 의문사 이해력과 구어 표현력 사전, 사후, 유지 단계에서 평가되었다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 의문사를 이해하는 능력은 모든 피험자들이 향상 되었다. 그리고 계속적으로 의문사 이해능력이 유지되었다. 둘째, 본 실험에서 모든 피험자들의 구어 표현력의 향상되었다. 구어 표현력 또한 지속적으로 유지되었다. 결론적으로 자기 교시 언어치료 전략을 사용한 문장 지도 프로그램이 정신지체 아동의 언어 능력을 향상시키는데 효과적이었다. 본 연구는 자기 교시 언어치료 전략을 사용한 문장 지도 프로그램이 정신지체 아동의 언어 능력에 미치는 효과를 증명하기 위하여, 12~13세 중도(중도)교육가능급 정신지체아동 3명을 대상으로 지도하였다. 실험은 사전평가, 치료, 유지의 세 단계로 구성되었으며 AB설계를 사용하였다. 의문사 이해력과 구어 표현력이 사전, 사후, 유지 단계에서 평가되었다. 실험 결과, 첫째, 의문사를 이해하는 능력이 모든 피험자들이 향상되었고, 계속적으로 의문사 이해능력이 유지되었다. 둘째, 모든 피험자들의 구어 표현력의 향상되었다. 구어 표현력 또한 지속적으로 유지되었다. 결론적으로 자기 교시 언어치료 전략을 사용한 문장 지도 프로그램이 정신지체 아동의 언어 능력을 향상시키는데 효과적이었다. First, the ability to understand interrogative was improved after treatment in all subjects. The subjects maintained the ability to understand an interrogative continuously. Second, this research showed the improvement of children's ability to express the spoken language in all subjects. The subjects maintained the ability to express the spoken language continuously. In conclusion, the sentence instruction program by using self-instruction language treatment strategy was effective on improving the language ability of mentally retarded children.

늙은 호박 추출물 음료 배합비의 모니터링

윤선주,김경은,정용진 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2003 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.10 No.3

반응표면분석법을 이용하여 음료의 제조조건에 따른 늙은 호박의 품질 특성을 모니터링하고 음료 배합비를 설정하였다. 제조조건에 따른 음료의 색상, 향, 맛, 조직감과 전반적인 기호도를 희귀분석한 결과, R^(2)는 각각 0.7682, 0.9046, 0.9364, 0.9110, 0.8765이었고 pH, brix 그리고 점도에 대한 R^(2)는 0.9264, 0.7135, 0.9906으로 나타났으며 색상과 brix를 제외한 다른 품질에서는 5~10%이내의 수준에서 유의성이 인정되었다. 호박 음료의 품질에 대한 영향에서는 호박 추출액 함량이 가장 영향을 받았으며 다음으로 진탄검 함량 마지막으로 식초 함량인 것으로 나타났다. 호박 파우치 음료 제조의 최적 배합비 범위를 얻기 위해 유의성이 인정된 향, 맛, 조직감, 전반적인 기호도 그리고 점도 등의 contour map을 superimposing한 결과, 호박 추출액 함량 86.5~87.5%, 잔틴검 함량 0.36~0.42%, 식초 함량 9%로 예측되었다. In the present study, we investigated the optimum recipe of the pumpkin drink using old pumpkin extract. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize and monitor the drink recipe with pumpkin extract. The polynomial equation for color, flavor, taste, mouth feel, overall palatability, pH, brix and viscometer showed 0.7682, 0.9046, 0.9364, 0.9110, 0.8456, 0.9264, 0.7135 and 0.9906 of R^(2), respectively and flavor, taste, mouth feel, overall palatability, pH and viscometer showed 5∼10% of significance level. The optimum ranges of recipe on organoleptic properties of pumpkin pouch drink were estimated on 86.5∼87.5% of the old pumpkin extract, 0.36∼0.42% of xanthan gum and 9% of vinegar.