Semantic Structures of Epistemic Modals: Teachers’ Understanding and Teaching Experience1

Youn-Kyoung Lee 현대문법학회 2021 현대문법연구 Vol.109 No.-

Youn-Kyoung Lee. 2021. Semantic Structures of Epistemic Modals: Teachers’ Understanding and Teaching Experience. Studies in Modern Grammar 109, 83-104. The study aimed at examining native English teachers’ and Korean EFL teachers’ understanding and teaching experience of epistemic modals. For the study, a total of 51 teachers participated in the online survey, and 11 of them had a follow-up interview. The results revealed that Korean teachers’ understanding was surprisingly low, indicating 10.94% of accuracy rate on average while native English teachers showed 94.74% of accuracy rate. The two groups’ mean score was statistically significant (p<.05). Concerning both groups of the teachers’experience of epistemic modals, while 78% of them had teaching experiences, both groups of the teachers merely focused on forms and meanings, not semantic system, which concerned a hierarchy for logical meanings. Finally, significance of understanding and using functions of epistemic modals was discussed.

Slide Session : OS-IFD-07 ; Infectious Disease : In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Ribavirin Against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus

( Myung Jin Lee ),( Kye Hyung Kim ),( Jong Youn Yi ),( Su Jin Choi ),( Chung Jong Kim ),( Nak Hyun Kim ),( Kyoung Ho Song ),( Pyoeng Gyun Choi ),( Ji Hwan Bang ),( Wan Beom Park ),( Eu Suk Kim ),( San 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Ribavirin Against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Myung Jin LEE1, Kye-Hyung KIM1, Jongyoun YI2, SuJin CHOI1, Chung-Jong KIM1, Nak- Hyun KIM1, Kyoung-Ho SONG1, Pyoeng Gyun CHOI1, Ji-Hwan BANG1, Wan Beom PARK1, Eu Suk KIM1, Sang-Won PARK1, Hong Bin KIM1, Nam Joong KIM1, Myoung- Don OH1 Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea1, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Korea2 Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel Bunyavirus, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV). No effective antiviral therapy is proven yet, but clinical use of ribavirin (RBV) has been tried. We investigated the antiviral effect of RBV against SFTSV in vitro. Methods: To test for cytotoxicity of RBV, Vero cells were treated with different concentrations of RBV (3.90 to 500 μg/mL, two-fold dilution) and analyzed by cell viability MTS assay 48h post-infection. To determine antiviral activity of RBV against SFTSV, Vero cells were infected with SFTSV strain Gangwon/Korea/2012 at 100 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infective dose) per well in a 96-well plate, and RBV was added at the concentrations showing no or minimal cytotoxicity. Viral RNAs were extracted from the culture supernatants and quantifi ed using one-step real-time reverse transcription- PCR to amplify the partial large segment of SFTSV. Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA with Tukey`s post hoc test. Results: Cytotoxicity due to RBV was not observed at RBV concentration =31.3 μg/ mL. Viral RNAs at 24h post-RBV treatment were reduced with increasing RBV concentrations (1-32 μg/mL), compared with those of mock-treated cells (P <0.01, Figure). Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of RBV was 3.69 μg/mL at 24h post-RBV treatment. Conclusions: Our study shows that RBV has antiviral effect against SFTSV in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies are required to evaluate the effi cacy of RBV in SFTS.

회생용 4분할 2상 쵸퍼에 의한 회생영역의 확대

이승환,김용주,한경희,정연택,강승욱 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1993 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.12 No.-

In this paper, we proposes two phase chopper system with flour. separate groups of D.C motor for regenerative braking. The main circuit consists of four sets of chopping parts, eight diodes and four separate groups of D.C motor. Although the proposed chopper circuit requires more circuit elements than the conventional two phase chopper system with, combined output, it has the following advantages: (1) The region of regenerative braking becomes twice as that of the conventional two phase chopper system. (2)Current division of load becomes equalized. Therefore. it is possible to drive not only series motor but also shunt and separately excited motor (3) The harmonic component of the source current is greatly diminished.

심장으로 전이된 악성 흑색종의 고식적 절제 1예

이경수,이현희,연태진,남기병,김동운,조명찬 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.9

Polystyrene 이장재가 아말감 변연부 미세누출에 미치는 영향

윤태철,노병덕,이경선 大韓齒科保存學會 1998 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.23 No.2

Antiadhesive effect and safety of oxidized regenerated cellulose after thyroidectomy

Kyoung Sik Park,Kyu Eun Lee,Do Hoon Ku,Su-Jin Kim,Won Seo Park2,Hoon Yub Kim3,,Mi Ra Kwon1,Yeo-Kyu Youn1 대한외과학회 2013 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.84 No.6

Purpose: To evaluate the antiadhesive effects and safety of an oxidized regenerated cellulose (Interceed) after thyroidectomy. Methods: Seventy-six thyroidectomized patients were prospectively randomized into two groups with regard to the use of Interceed. We evaluated each group for their adhesive symptoms using four subjective and four objective items at the 2nd week, 3rd and 6th month after thyroidectomy. All patients were examined for vocal cord motility by indirect laryngoscope at each period. Results: Total adhesion scores at each postoperative follow-up period decreased with time, but were not significantly different in each group. The median score for swallowing discomfort for liquid was significantly lower in the Interceed group than in the control group 2 weeks after surgery. In addition, the severity of skin adhesion to the trachea was reduced in the Interceed group compared with the control group 6 months after surgery. During the study, there were no adverse effects or significant differences in postoperative complications between the groups. Conclusion: Interceed appeared to be safe and effective in improving neck discomfort at early postoperative periods and preventing skin adhesion to the trachea 6 months after thyroidectomy.

친사회적 행동발달을 위한 또래집단의 영향

이윤경 서원대학교 교육연구소 1993 敎育發展 Vol.12 No.1

The purpose of this study is to present a review of the researches on the development and correlates of peer relationships, and the classroom strategies for promoting the prosocial behaviors of young children. Children in modern society are experiencing social interaction with peer at a younger age and for longer periods of time. This increased exposure to peers has heightened interest in the significance of peer relationships for childern's prosocial behavior development. Poor relationships with peers in early childhood are related to later emotional mental health problems and maladjustment. Research on young children's peer acceptance illuminates a variety of correlates, predictors and potential consequen-ces of being liked or disliked by peers. The several strategies for teachers to develop and maintain the good peer relationships and prosocial behaviors were discussed and suggested : cooperative learning, discussion class program and social skills training program.

사립 유치원 교사의 직무만족도에 관한 연구

이윤경 서원대학교 교육연구소 1997 敎育發展 Vol.16 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze the job satisfaction of teachers in the private kindergartens. For this purpose, two research questions have been set up as follows; 1.How is the job satisfaction of teachers in the private kindergarten? 2.Is there any differences in job satisfaction of teachers according to teachers' age, education, educational career, kindergarten size, children's age, teacher-child ratio and the time of the program? The subjects were 231 teachers who were teaching in the private kindergarten in Seoul Korea. For the tool of the survey, the "Manual for the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnire" was used. The collected data was analyzed by Frequency test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan Test and Regression Analysis. The results of this study are as follows: 1.In the 1st question, Frequency test indicates that the private kindergarten teachers satisfy with job itself, with co-teachers, and with directors higherly than averge while they dissatigfy with wage. 2.in the 2nd question, first, there is the significant differences between the satisfaction with directors and teachers' education, and between the satisfaction with wage and teachers' education. Second, there is the significant differences between the satisfaction with co-teachers and children's age. Third, there is the negtively significant differences between the satisfaction with directors and the time of program, and between the satisfaction with wage and the time of program. Fourth, there is the significant differences between the satisfaction with job itself and teachers' age and educational career, and between the satisfaction with co-teachers and teachers' age and educational careen while there is the negatively significant between the satisfaction with wage and teachers' age and educational career. Fifth, there is no significant difference between all of the job satistifaction items and kindergarten size. Sixth, there is the negatively significant difference between the satisfaction with job itself and teacher-child ratio.

블록2D FFT를 이용한 지문 특이점 추출

이연우,김혜경,남시병 삼척대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2001 産業科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.1

In this paper, we propose a minutiae extraction algorithm using the block 2D FFT from the binarization fingerprint images. At first, binary fingerprint images carry out the histogram equalization and block binarization processing. For extract fingerprint minutiae, we executed the 2D FFT to block that divided into the 32×32 blocks from binarization image. Next step is removing the pseudo minutiae from the block for the minutiae extraction. Removing Pseudo minutiae processes executed the removing horizontal, vertical direction elements and diagonal lines. So that it extracts the core and delta points remained which include the blocks. In the end, we extract the minutiae by removing the block part of the delta point. Also, we gained efficient throughput 88% extraction rate of minutiae to the number of 50 fingerprint image.

종일제 유아교육 프로그램의 효과 연구

이윤경 서원대학교 학생생활연구소 1991 학생생활연구 Vol.9 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the length of the programs and children`s gender had influences on outcomes between full-day and half-day program children in samuel nursery schools related to academic achievement and self-concept at the end of school year. The data were collected through testing. A multiplicate analysis of covariance and an analysis of variance were used for analyzing the data. The results indicated that: 1) there was no significant difference in academic achievement as measured by the Learning Readiness Test for Preschoolers between children who attended half-day and those who attended full-day programs. 2) the children`s gender had a positive influence on the academic achievement. 3) there was a significant difference in self-concept as measured by the Measures of Self-Concept, Primary Level between the half-day program children and full-day program children.